scholarly journals KRITERIA ASAS PERADILAN YANG BAIK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMAD FIQHAN SALIM

Asas-asas hukum Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara yang menjadi karakteristik hukum acara Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara di antaranya sebagai berikut: Asas praduga rechtmatig (vermoden van rechtmatigheid, praesumtio iustae causa) Asas praduga rechtmatig adalah gugatan tidak menunda atau menghalagi dilaksanakannya keputusan badan atau pejabat Tata Usaha Negara yang digugat (pasal 67 ayat (1) Undangundang no 5 tahun 1986; Asas pembuktian bebas, Hakim yang menetapkan beban pembuktian. Hal ini berbeda dengan ketentuan 1865 BW. Asas ini dianut oleh pasal 101 UU No 5 tahun 1986, hanya saja masih dibatasi ketentuan pasal 100. Asas keaktifan Hakim (dominus Litis). Keaktifan kekuatan mengikat kedudukan para pihak karena tergugat adalah pejabat Tata Usaha Negara sedangkan penggugat adalah orang atau badan hukum perdata. Penerapan asas ini antara lain terdapat dalam ketentuan pasal 58,63 ayat (1) dan (2), pasal 80 dan pasal 85. Asas putusan Peradilan memiliki kekutan mengikat “erga omnes “. Sengketa TUN adalah sengketa hukum public. Dengan demikian putusan pengadilan berlaku bagi siapa saja, tidak hanya bagi para pihak yang bersangkutan. Dalam rangka ini kiranya ketentuan pasal 83 tentang intervensi bertentangan dengan asas erga omnes.Asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik sebagai berikut: Asas kepastian hukum (principle of legal security); Asas keseimbangan (principle of proportionality); Asas kesamaan dalam mengambil keputusan (principle of equality); Asas bertindak cermat (principle of carffulness); Asas motivasi untuk setiap keputusan (principle of motivation); Asas tidak mencampuradukan kewenangan (principle of competence); Asas permainan yang layak (principle of fair play); Asas keadilan dan kewajaran (principle of reasonable or prohibition of arbitrariness); Asas kepercayaan dan menanggapi pengharapan yang wajar (principle of meeting raised expectation); Asas meniadakan akibat suatu keputusan yang batal (principle of undoing the concequences of an annulled decision); Asas perlindungan atas pandangan atau cara hidup pribadi (principle of protecting the personal may of life); Asas kebijaksanaan (sapientia); Asas penyelenggaraan kepentingan umum (principle of public service).Asas-asas yang menjadi landasan dalam mekanisme atau bekerjanya sistem peradilan pidana adalah sebagai berikut : Asas Legalitas (Legality Principle), Asas Kelayakan atau Kegunaan (Expediency Principle), Asas Prioritas (Priority Principle), Asas Proporsionalitas (Proporsionality Principle), Asas Subsidair (Subsidairity Principle), Asas Kesamaan di Depan Hukum (Equality Before The Law)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMAD FIQHAN SALIM

Asas-asas hukum Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara yang menjadi karakteristik hukum acara Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara di antaranya sebagai berikut: Asas praduga rechtmatig (vermoden van rechtmatigheid, praesumtio iustae causa) Asas praduga rechtmatig adalah gugatan tidak menunda atau menghalagi dilaksanakannya keputusan badan atau pejabat Tata Usaha Negara yang digugat (pasal 67 ayat (1) Undangundang no 5 tahun 1986; Asas pembuktian bebas, Hakim yang menetapkan beban pembuktian. Hal ini berbeda dengan ketentuan 1865 BW. Asas ini dianut oleh pasal 101 UU No 5 tahun 1986, hanya saja masih dibatasi ketentuan pasal 100. Asas keaktifan Hakim (dominus Litis). Keaktifan kekuatan mengikat kedudukan para pihak karena tergugat adalah pejabat Tata Usaha Negara sedangkan penggugat adalah orang atau badan hukum perdata. Penerapan asas ini antara lain terdapat dalam ketentuan pasal 58,63 ayat (1) dan (2), pasal 80 dan pasal 85. Asas putusan Peradilan memiliki kekutan mengikat “erga omnes “. Sengketa TUN adalah sengketa hukum public. Dengan demikian putusan pengadilan berlaku bagi siapa saja, tidak hanya bagi para pihak yang bersangkutan. Dalam rangka ini kiranya ketentuan pasal 83 tentang intervensi bertentangan dengan asas erga omnes.Asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik sebagai berikut: Asas kepastian hukum (principle of legal security); Asas keseimbangan (principle of proportionality); Asas kesamaan dalam mengambil keputusan (principle of equality); Asas bertindak cermat (principle of carffulness); Asas motivasi untuk setiap keputusan (principle of motivation); Asas tidak mencampuradukan kewenangan (principle of competence); Asas permainan yang layak (principle of fair play); Asas keadilan dan kewajaran (principle of reasonable or prohibition of arbitrariness); Asas kepercayaan dan menanggapi pengharapan yang wajar (principle of meeting raised expectation); Asas meniadakan akibat suatu keputusan yang batal (principle of undoing the concequences of an annulled decision); Asas perlindungan atas pandangan atau cara hidup pribadi (principle of protecting the personal may of life); Asas kebijaksanaan (sapientia); Asas penyelenggaraan kepentingan umum (principle of public service).Asas-asas yang menjadi landasan dalam mekanisme atau bekerjanya sistem peradilan pidana adalah sebagai berikut : Asas Legalitas (Legality Principle), Asas Kelayakan atau Kegunaan (Expediency Principle), Asas Prioritas (Priority Principle), Asas Proporsionalitas (Proporsionality Principle), Asas Subsidair (Subsidairity Principle), Asas Kesamaan di Depan Hukum (Equality Before The Law)


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Dalibor Krstinić ◽  
Sara Zarubica

By passing the Law on Public Notaries, the Serbian legislator regulates the issue of the operation of public notaries, their services and activities. The modern public notary practice represents a specific legal activity which contributes to the rise of legal security and the de-congestion of courts. It also leads to a more efficient exercise of the citizens rights and the realization of their civil rights much faster and more easily. A public notary performs a public service autonomously and independently being the party's independent commissioner, and his/her participation in preparing the documents attests to their truthfulness and content. As a result, public notary documents occupy a significant place in contemporary legal transactions. According to the Law on Public Notaries, public notary documents have the property of enforceability, under certain conditions they can provide a basis to directly institute enforcement proceedings before a court of law when the stipulated conditions are satisfied. It is deemed a positive and very useful legal solution, because of which the authors will, in this paper, point out some relevant key points and specific features regarding the enforcement of public notary documents.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Dewi Kania Sugiharti ◽  
Muhammad Ziaurahman ◽  
Sechabudin Sechabudin

Universities that apply the concept of Public Service Agency (BLU - PK PTN ) in performing functions as an organ which is engaged in the service infrastructure support through goods or services . As an institution under the auspices of the government and the state budget receives PTN PK - BLU implement mechanisms to acquire goods or services in accordance with the law. However, the procurement process in obtaining goods or services sometimes poses problems that arise as a consequence of the passage of the procurement of goods or services involving the organs in it as PA / KPA , KDP , ULP , and Committee / Receiver Procurement Officer. Rector of the KPA in PK - BLU PTN has the authority to control the organs that carry out the process of procurement of goods / services in the environment . Errors in the procurement process of goods / services performed by the CO and the ULP / Procurement Officer causing state losses due to these errors, either due to negligence or unlawful acts. As the KPA in the process of procurement of goods / services Rector can control the organs in accordance with the authority given. The consequences are acceptable if the authorities ultimately the procurement of goods / services did not heed the warning Rector officials related procurement process of goods / services will receive sanctions. Keywords: Authorized Budget, Financial State.


Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1833
Author(s):  
Rihantoro Bayu Aji

 AbstractActually the existence of foreign investment in Indonesia is not new phenomenon, due to foreign investment exist since colonialism era.The existence of foreign investment is still continuing to Soeharto era until reformation era. Spirit of foreign investment in colonialism era, Soharto era, and reformation era are different. Foreign investment in colonialsm era just explore of nation asset and ignore of nation welfare, and this matter is different from the character of foreign investment in Soeharto era also reformation era. Eventhough the involvement of foreign investor have any benefits to the host country, but on the other hand foreign investment have business oriented only whether the investment is secure and may result of profit. Refer to The Law Number 25 Year of 2007 Concerning Investment (hereinafter called UUPM) can not be separated from various interest that become of politic background of the law, even the law tend to liberalism of investment. Liberalism in the investment sector particularly of foreign investment basically exist far from issuing of UUPM, and the spirit of liberalism also stipulate in several rules among others The Law Number 5 Year of 1999 Concerning Prohibitation of Anti Trust and Unfair Competition, The Law Number 22 Year of 2001 Concerning Oil and Gas, The Law Number 7 Year of 2004 Concerning Water Resource, and also The Law Number 30 Year of 2009 Concerning Electricity.   Many rules as mentioned above has liberalism character and also indicator opposite wit the right to manage of the state to nation asset that relate to public interest as stipulated in the Indonesia Constitution. Actually the issuing of UUPM in case of implementation of article 33 Indonesia Constitution (UUD NRI 1945). Due to opportunity by Government to foreign investment as stipulate by article 12 UUPM and also the existence of many rules as well as The Law Number 5 Year of 1999 Concerning Prohibitation of Anti Trust and Unfair Competition, The Law Number 22 Year of 2001 Concerning Oil and Gas, The Law Number 7 Year of 2004 Concerning Water Resource, and also The Law Number 30 Year of 2009 Concerning Electricity, so the foreign investment that relate to public service is more exist in Indonesia. The existence is reflected many foreign companies. Free of foreign investment relate to public service is opposite with spirit of article 33 Indonesia Constitution. Keywords: Foreign Investment, Right of  State, Article 33 Indonesia Consitution AbstrakEksistensi penanaman modal asing (investasi asing) di Indonesia sebenarnya bukan merupakan fenomena baru di Indonesia, mengingat modal asing telah hadir di Indonesia sejak zaman kolonial dahulu.   Eksistensi penanaman modal asing terus berlanjut pada era orde baru sampai dengan era reformasi. Tentunya semangat penanaman modal asing pada saat era kolonial, era orde baru, dan era reformasi adalah berbeda. Penanaman modal asing pada saat era kolonial memiliki karakter eksploitatif atas aset bangsa dan mengabaikan kesejahteraan rakyat, hal ini tentunya berbeda dengan karakter penanaman modal asing pada era orde baru, dan era reformasi. Sekalipun kehadiran investor membawa manfaat bagi negara penerima modal, di sisi lain investor yang hendak menanamkan modalnya juga tidak lepas dari orientasi bisnis (oriented business), apakah modal yang diinvestasikan aman dan bisa menghasilkan keuntungan. Melihat eksistensi Undang–Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal (UUPM) tidak dapat dilepaskan dari beragam kepentingan yang mendasari untuk diterbitkannya undang–undang tersebut, bahkan terdapat kecenderungan semangat dari UUPM lebih cenderung kepada liberalisasi investasi. Liberalisasi pada sektor investasi khususnya investasi asing pada dasarnya eksis jauh sebelum lahirnya UUPM ternyata juga tampak secara tersirat dalam beberapa peraturan perundang–undangan di Indonesia. Perundang–undangan tersebut antara lain Undang–Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, Undang–Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak Dan Gas Bumi, Undang–Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air, dan Undang–Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan.Banyaknya peraturan perundang–undangan yang berkarakter liberal sebagaimana diuraikan di atas mengindikasikan bahwa hak menguasai negara atas aset bangsa yang berkaitan dengan hajat hidup orang banyak sebagaimana diamahkan oleh Undang–Undang Dasar 1945 (Konstitusi) mulai “dikebiri” dengan adanya undang–undang yang tidak selaras semangatnya. Padahal, UUPM diterbitkan dalam kerangka mengimplementasikan amanat Pasal 33 Undang–Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI 1945). Dengan adanya peluang yang diberikan oleh pemerintah kepada investor asing sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 12 UUPM ditambah lagi dengan adanya Undang–Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, Undang–Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak Dan Gas Bumi, Undang–Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air, dan Undang–Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan, maka investasi asing yang berhubungan dengan cabang– cabang yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak semakin eksis di Indonesia. Terbukanya investasi asing atas cabang–cabang produksi yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak tentunya hal ini bertentangan dengan konsep hak menguasai negara sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 33 UUD NRI 1945. Kata Kunci: Investasi Asing, Hak Menguasai Negara, Pasal 33 UUD NRI Tahun          1945


2021 ◽  
pp. 422-433
Author(s):  
M.V. Presnyakov

Public Civil Service Act to establish such a mechanism for the exercise of the right to growth. This law provides for a competitive procedure for the replacement of all posts, including in the order of post growth, and at the same time establishes the principle of forming a personnel reserve on a competitive basis. In addition, the law contains an exhaustive list of exceptions to the competitive procedure for the placement of posts, one of which is the appointment of a civil servant in the personnel reserve. This is justified, since the personnel reserve itself is formed on a competitive basis. However, the law provides for the possibility of enrolling a civil servant in the personnel reserve based on the results of certification, which, in our opinion, does not comply with the principle of legal certainty, does not fully realize the right of equal access to public service, and also does not ensure the filling of posts according to the principle of competence. However, the potential of this law is not fully realized, as it contains a number of uncertain provisions that overextend the discretion of the employer's representative.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Paweł Majka

<p>The subject of the study is to outline the boundaries within the legislator may sanction the obligations to provide information to tax authorities using tax sanctions. The author analyzes tax sanctions as instruments guaranteeing the effectiveness of legal norms related to information obligations in the light of the protection of the taxpayer’s rights. In the author’s opinion, there is a clear outline of the possible shape of the sanction, which limits the legislator in excessive interference with the rights of taxpayers. These limits, both in national and international law, are determined primarily by the principle of proportionality, which is decisive for the degree of discomfort associated with the application of sanctions. It should be indicated that the shape limits of these sanctions, characterized in this study, guarantee, in turn, the protection of the rights of these entities. At the same time, it should be emphasized that tax sanctions are, in principle, a complementary element of the system of the guarantees of the law effectiveness and the legislator deciding on their wider use should properly balance the degree of “saturation” of tax law with sanctions taking into account its nature.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Ákos Erdős ◽  
Adrienn Magasvári ◽  
Andrea Szabó

The aim of this study is to present the Faculty of Law Enforcement of the National University of Public Service and the admission process awaiting the members of generation Z – and within it, those who wish to apply for officer cadet status – as well as the drop-out rates and their causes following successful admission, and also the prerequisite base competences expected within the framework of public service and in law enforcement. The young applicants admitted to the Faculty of Law Enforcement are supposed to represent a significant proportion of the future reinforcement of the professional service personnel, thus the member of generation Z not only stand at the gates of higher education but at the gates of the law enforcement labour market, too. Through our study, we would like to highlight the correlations emerging between the competence-based expectations of the law enforcement organs from the young career starters and the university admission process as well as the individual wishes of the applicants, and the level of contrast or synergy of the physical and intellectual status of the students in this matter. From this perspective, the question may arise whether it is necessary to implement any changes in the set of conditions, expectations or attitudes regarding the higher educational training or in the starting phase of the law enforcement career path.


2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilian Bizer ◽  
Martin Führ

The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.


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