scholarly journals Factors associated with attitudes toward U.S. immigration, 2004–2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral ◽  
Paige Mitchell ◽  
Guadalupe Marquez-Velarde
Keyword(s):  
College Graduates ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Racial Resentment ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration

This study investigates demographic, socioeconomic, political, and contextual factors associated with attitudes toward U.S. immigration. We analyze cross-sectional data from the 2004–2016 General Social Survey and American Community Survey five-year estimates. Results from generalized ordered logit models suggest that support to immigration has been increasing over time. There is no difference by sex on attitudes toward immigration. Non-whites, those between 18 and 24 years of age, people with higher educational attainment, and non-Protestants are more likely to be pro-immigration. People working on sales, office, natural resources, construction, maintenance, production, transportation, material moving, and military occupations are less likely to support immigration. People living in the South Atlantic region are the least likely to support an increase in immigration. People who lived in areas at the age of 16 that tend to have higher proportions of foreign-born individuals are more likely to support immigration. People who self-classify as strong Democrats, Independents near Democrats, and in other parties are more likely to be in favor of an increase on the number of immigrants. People with more liberal political views are more likely to be in favor of immigration. People with lower levels of racial resentment have higher chances to be in favor of an increase in immigration. Opinion about immigration has stronger associations with racial resentment than with opinion about U.S. economic achievement. People who live in counties with higher proportions of college graduates and higher proportions of immigrants are more likely to be pro-immigration.

scholarly journals What Should Children Learn? Americans’ Changing Socialization Values, 1986–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311987901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Nomaguchi ◽  
Melissa A. Milkie
Keyword(s):  
College Graduates ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Postindustrial Society ◽  
Parenting Values

Assessing changes in socialization values for children provides a unique window into how Americans perceive the landscape of their society. We examine whether, since the mid-1980s, Americans (1) emphasized survival values, like hard work, for children, as economic precarity rose or (2) prioritized self-expression values, like autonomy and compassion, as expected in postindustrial society. Analysis of 1986 to 2018 General Social Survey (N = 23,109) supports the precarity thesis: Preferences for hard work increased steadily whereas preferences for autonomy, the top-ranked quality throughout the period, declined. There was some indication of enduring self-expression values, as support for compassion increased and its relative importance to hard work stayed stable. Decomposition analyses show valuing hard work would have been even greater without demographic changes like an increase in college graduates. Aligning with earlier research, valuing obedience in children continued to decline. Our results extend theoretical work on complexities of socioeconomic links to parenting values.

Political Trust and Support for Immigration in the American Mass Public

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Democrats And Republicans ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration

Abstract Immigration is one of the most salient and important issues in contemporary American politics. While a great deal is known about how cultural attitudes and economics influence public opinion toward immigration, little is known about how attitudes toward government influence support for immigration. Using cross-sectional data from the American National Election Studies (ANES), panel data from the ANES and General Social Survey, as well a Mechanical Turk (MTurk) survey experiment, I show that political trust exerts a positive and substantively meaningful influence on Americans' support for immigration. Politically trustful individuals, both Democrats and Republicans, are more supportive of pro-immigration policies. These findings underscore the political relevance of trust in government and show that public attitudes toward immigration are not driven solely by feelings about immigrant groups, partisanship, core political values, nor personality traits, but are also affected by trust in government, the actor most responsible for managing immigration policy.

scholarly journals Factors associated with cyber-victimization among immigrants and non-immigrants in Canada: A cross-sectional nationally-representative study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Kenny ◽  
Lisa Merry ◽  
Brownbridge A. Douglas ◽  
ML Urquia
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Potential Factors

Abstract Objectives There is a paucity of research on patterns of cyber-victimization in minority groups, including immigrants. This study aimed at identifying individual, interpersonal and contextual characteristics associated with cyber-victimization among immigrants and non-immigrants.Methods We drew on nationally representative data from adolescents and adults in the Canadian General Social Survey on victimization (2014). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify potential factors associated with cyber-victimization in the last 12 months, stratified by immigrant status and sex.Results Among 27,425 survey respondents, the weighted prevalence of cyber-victimization in the last 12 months was 2.1% among immigrants and 2.3% among non-immigrants. Cyber-victimization rates differed significantly by sex among immigrants (2.8% for males vs. 1.4% for females), but not among non-immigrants (2.1% for males vs. 2.4% for females). While most other factors associated with cyber-victimization were similar for immigrants and non-immigrants, we found pronounced associations of past child maltreatment (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] 4.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.76, 8.52) and residence in an unwelcoming neighbourhood (aPOR 5.08, 95% CI 2.44, 10.55) with cyber-victimization among immigrants that were diminished or absent among non-immigrants. Additionally, sex-stratified analyses among immigrants showed cyber-victimization to be strongly associated with having a mental health condition (aPOR 3.50, 95% CI 1.36, 8.97) among immigrant males only, and with perceived discrimination (aPOR 4.08, 95% CI 1.65, 10.08), as well as being under 24 years old (aPOR 3.24, 95% CI 1.09, 9.60) among immigrant females.Conclusions Immigration status and sex were differentially associated with cyber-victimization. Findings support the salience of a social-ecological perspective and gender-stratified analyses to better elucidate complex pathways linking cyber-victimization to potential gender-based health inequities among immigrants.

scholarly journals Loneliness from young adulthood to old age: Explaining age differences in loneliness

2020 ◽  
pp. 016502542097104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Hawkley ◽  
Susanne Buecker ◽  
Till Kaiser ◽  
Maike Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Household Income ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Nonlinear Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

Prior research in non-U.S. samples has found a complex nonlinear relationship between loneliness and age. This research has shown that established predictors of loneliness—poor health, being unmarried, living alone, and having infrequent social interactions—help to explain age differences in loneliness. However, while some variables were found to be universal predictors of loneliness at all ages, others were relevant in specific age groups only. In this study, we describe age differences in frequency of loneliness from age 18 to 89+ years in the U.S. and examine age differences in predictors of loneliness from age-specificity and age-normative perspectives. We used cross-sectional nationally representative data from the General Social Survey ( N = 2,477) and found a nonlinear relationship between age and loneliness that closely resembles prior research. However, we found no evidence for age-specific predictors of loneliness. Household income, household size, marital status, health, and frequency of socializing were “universal” predictors of loneliness; their associations with loneliness did not differ in strength with age. Our hypothesis that individuals who deviated from age-specific norms would experience more intense loneliness was not supported. Implications for research and loneliness interventions are discussed.

scholarly journals Increasing American Political Tolerance: A Framework Excluding Hate Speech

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312090395
Author(s):  
Anna Boch
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
College Educated ◽  
New Framework

According to prior research, political tolerance has either stagnated since the 1970s (if to be tolerant one must be tolerant of every group in all circumstances) or steadily increased (if tolerance is measured using an index, averaging across groups). Using General Social Survey cross-sectional and panel data on civil liberties, this article proposes a new framework: separating out the groups that use hate speech from those that may be only controversial. The United States is unique among Western liberal democracies in not having a prohibition against hate speech. By applying a dichotomous hate speech framework to measuring political tolerance, this article finds that the proportion of Americans who are always tolerant has increased by 8 percentage points from 1996 to 2018. Meanwhile, tolerance of groups that use hate speech has remained flat and even decreased among groups that historically were more tolerant of such groups, including the college educated.

Nonstandard Employment and Job Satisfaction across Time in China: Evidence from the Chinese General Social Survey (2006–2012)

2020 ◽  
pp. 095001702092636
Author(s):  
Kritkorn Nawakitphaitoon ◽  
Can Tang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Nonstandard Employment ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
Ownership Types ◽  
Over Time

This study examines the association of nonstandard employment with job satisfaction over time in China. An analysis is carried out using the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), a large cross-sectional survey that collected data from over 3000 workers across different industries, ownership types and regions in China in 2006, 2008 and 2012. The empirical results show that in 2006, nonstandard employment workers, on average, were less satisfied with their jobs than their counterparts in standard employment, all else being equal. However, these differences in job satisfaction became very small and insignificant in 2008 and 2012. The results from the propensity score matching exercise provide a similar conclusion. These findings suggest that improvements in regulations and employment relations in China have increased job satisfaction for nonstandard employment workers.

scholarly journals Factors associated with cyber-victimization among immigrants and non-immigrants in Canada: A cross-sectional nationally-representative study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Kenny ◽  
Lisa Merry ◽  
Brownbridge A. Douglas ◽  
ML Urquia
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Potential Factors

Abstract Objectives: There is a paucity of research on patterns of cyber-victimization in minority groups, including immigrants. This study aimed at identifying individual, interpersonal and contextual characteristics associated with cyber-victimization among immigrants and non-immigrants.Methods: We drew on nationally representative data from adolescents and adults in the Canadian General Social Survey on victimization (2014). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify potential factors associated with cyber-victimization in the last 12 months, stratified by immigrant status and sex. Results: Among 27,425 survey respondents, the weighted prevalence of cyber-victimization in the last 12 months was 2.1% among immigrants and 2.3% among non-immigrants. Cyber-victimization rates differed significantly by sex among immigrants (2.8% for males vs. 1.4% for females), but not among non-immigrants (2.1% for males vs. 2.4% for females). While most other factors associated with cyber-victimization were similar for immigrants and non-immigrants, we found pronounced associations of past child maltreatment (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] 4.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.76, 8.52) and residence in an unwelcoming neighbourhood (aPOR 5.08, 95% CI 2.44, 10.55) with cyber-victimization among immigrants that were diminished or absent among non-immigrants. Additionally, sex-stratified analyses among immigrants showed cyber-victimization to be strongly associated with having a mental health condition (aPOR 3.50, 95% CI 1.36, 8.97) among immigrant males only, and with perceived discrimination (aPOR 4.08, 95% CI 1.65, 10.08), as well as being under 24 years old (aPOR 3.24, 95% CI 1.09, 9.60) among immigrant females.Conclusions: Immigration status and sex were differentially associated with cyber-victimization. Findings support the salience of a social-ecological perspective and gender-stratified analyses to better elucidate complex pathways linking cyber-victimization to potential gender-based health inequities among immigrants.

scholarly journals A Rolling Panel Model of Cohort, Period, and Aging Effects for the Analysis of the General Social Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412110431
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Morgan ◽  
Jiwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Observation Interval ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Panel Model

The linear dependence of age, period, and birth cohort is a challenge for the analysis of social change. With either repeated cross-sectional data or conventional panel data, raw change cannot be decomposed into over-time differences that are attributable to the effects of common experiences of alternative birth cohorts, features of the periods under observation, and the cumulation of lifecourse aging. This article proposes a rolling panel model for cohort, period, and aging effects, suggested by and tuned to the treble panel data collected for the General Social Survey from 2006 through 2014. While the model does not offer a general solution for the identification of the classical age-period-cohort accounting model, it yields warranted interpretations under plausible assumptions that are reasonable for many outcomes of interest. In particular, if aging effects can be assumed to be invariant over the course of an observation interval, and if separate panel samples of the full age distribution overlap within the same observation interval, then period and aging effects can be parameterized and interpreted separately, adjusted for cohort differences that pulse through the same observation interval. The estimated cohort effects during the observation interval are then interpretable as effects during the observation interval of entangled period and cumulated aging differences from before the observation interval.

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