scholarly journals Development of Interest and Role of Choice During Sequential Knowledge Acquisition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta M. Fastrich ◽  
Kou Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Interest Development ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Over Time

Interest is an important motivational element for learning in the school environment. However, little research has directly addressed how interest develops over time as knowledge accumulates. To gain a better understanding of interest development, we developed a paradigm where participants gain step-by-step information about lesser known countries. After reading each piece of information, participants rated their interest in and liking of the country. Growth-curve modelling showed that interest grows during knowledge acquisition until it eventually stalls and starts to decline. We also found that the opportunity to choose information boosted the growth in interest and delayed its decline. Further analysis revealed that people disengaged from a topic (i.e. stopped accessing information about a particular country) when their interest started to decrease.

scholarly journals Development of Interest and Role of Choice During Sequential Knowledge Acquisition

AERA Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233285842092998
Author(s):  
Greta M. Fastrich ◽  
Kou Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Intraindividual Change ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Interest is an important motivational element for learning in the school environment. However, little research has directly addressed how interest changes over time as knowledge accumulates. To gain a better understanding of how knowledge acquisition influences intraindividual change of interest, we developed a novel paradigm in which participants gain step-by-step information about lesser known countries. After reading each piece of information, participants rated their interest in the country. Growth-curve modelling showed that interest grows during knowledge acquisition until it eventually stalls and starts to decline. We also found that the opportunity to choose information boosted the growth in interest and delayed its decline. Further analysis revealed that people disengaged from a topic (i.e., stopped accessing information about a particular country) when their interest started to decrease.

scholarly journals Explaining Differences in Welfare Chauvinism Between and Within Individuals Over Time: The Role of Subjective and Objective Economic Risk, Economic Egalitarianism, and Ethnic Threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs Kros ◽  
Marcel Coenders
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Cultural Explanation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract A considerable portion of European citizens are in favour of limited or conditional access for migrants to welfare provisions. Previous studies found that this welfare chauvinism is stronger among citizens with less favourable economic positions. This study seeks to explain the relationship between economic risk, both objective and subjective, and welfare chauvinism by looking at two distinct mechanisms: the traditional economic explanation of economic egalitarianism and the cultural explanation of ethnic threat. Given the lack of longitudinal studies, we also examine whether changes in economic risk, economic egalitarianism and threat can explain changes in welfare chauvinism over time. Using a four-wave panel-study (2013–2015) collected in Great Britain and the Netherlands, these relationships were studied both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The longitudinal mediation model was tested by making use of parallel process latent growth curve modelling. In both Great Britain and the Netherlands, economic egalitarianism and ethnic threat explained the link between economic risk and welfare chauvinism. Furthermore, in both countries, an increase over time in perceptions of ethnic threat was found to be the driving force behind an increase in welfare chauvinism, irrespective of changes in economic egalitarianism.

The Role of Optimism on the Relationship Between Activity Limitations and Life Satisfaction Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States: A Growth Curve Model of Changes Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110566
Author(s):  
Kent Jason Go Cheng ◽  
Darcy Jones (DJ) McMaughan ◽  
Matthew Lee Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Activity Limitations ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Activity limitations can diminish life satisfaction. This study explored the role of optimism on the relationship between changes in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) limitations and life satisfaction over time among middle-aged and older adults. Growth curve modeling accounting for intra- and inter-individual changes in life satisfaction was applied to the 2008–2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study Leave Behind Survey subsample ( n = 39,122 person-years). After controlling for sociodemographic factors, physical functioning decline adversely affected life satisfaction ( βADL = −0.12, βIADL = −0.13, p < 0.001), but the negative consequences reduced slightly through optimism ( βADL = −0.11, βIADL = −0.12, βoptimism = 0.47, p < 0.001). Increasing optimism could reduce the negative consequences of ADL/IADL limitations on life satisfaction among middle-aged to older adults.

Interest development and self-regulation of motivation

10.47908/8/3 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
David McLoughlin
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Learner Autonomy ◽  
Classroom Learning ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Learning Contexts ◽  
Interest Development ◽  
Over Time

In this chapter, the author investigates the importance of interest as an essential component of both self-regulation and motivation which are both critical in the development of learner autonomy, especially outside the classroom. The author shows how interest not only initiates motivation but can also sustain it in the long term. The role of interest as a source and a driver of motivation has not always been emphasized enough, but its significance has been increasingly recognized in research over the last couple of decades (Hidi & Ainley, 2009; Hidi & Renninger, 2006; Sansone, 2009; Sansone & Thoman, 2005, 2006). Because interest is now seen as crucial in enabling learners to maintain their motivation over time, it has a particular relevance to individuals in self-directed or ‘beyond the classroom’ learning contexts. In such contexts, learners have to regulate their own motivation to a great extent. They can do this by setting goals and monitoring their progress in attaining those goals. They can also maintain their motivation by finding what interests them and by developing that interest. Some studies have shown how autonomous learners use interest as well as goals to regulate and sustain their motivation (McLoughlin & Mynard, 2015, 2018; Mynard & McLoughlin, 2016). This chapter examines how a focus on interest helps learners become more effective at regulating their motivation, as well as how interest development can play an important part in creating more autonomous learners.

“Create in Me a Clean Heart”: The Role of Spirituality in Desistance From Substance Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Reece Crank ◽  
Brent Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Although the impact of religion on behavior is robust and well-examined in many areas, the role spirituality plays in changes in drug use over time has received relatively little attention. Using a life-course theoretical framework, this relationship is examined through growth curve modeling techniques. Specifically, multilevel analyses are estimated testing within-person relationships between substance use desistance and spirituality. The Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data are analyzed and leading criminological predictors are included, to determine if spirituality has a unique impact on substance use net of these criminological factors, and if these impacts vary across gender. Results from these analyses suggest that the impact of spirituality on desistance varies by gender, with spirituality significantly increasing the odds of desistance from marijuana use for females, but not males.

Raza, ciencia, sociedad

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wade
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Human Biology ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Race Science ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Over Time

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Resumen </strong></span>| En este trabajo quiero presentar una cronología convencional del concepto raza que marca un movimiento en el cual raza cambia de ser una idea basada en la cultura y el medio ambiente, a ser algo biológico, inflexible y determinante, para luego volver a ser una noción que habla de la cultura<span class="s2"><strong>.</strong></span>Resumo cómo la idea de raza ha cambiado a través del tiempo, mirando necesariamente el rol que ha desempeñado la ciencia, y enfocando los diferentes discursos de índole <em>natural-cultural </em>sobre los cuerpos, el medio ambiente y el comportamiento, en los cuales las dimensiones culturales y naturales siempre coexisten<span class="s2"><strong>.</strong></span>“La naturaleza” no puede ser entendida solamente como “la biología” y ni la naturaleza ni la biología necesariamente implican sólo el determinismo, la fijeza y la inmutabilidad Estar abiertos a la coexistencia de la cultura y la naturaleza y a la mutabilidad de la naturaleza nos permite ver mejor el ámbito de acción del pensamiento racial.</p><p class="p1"><strong><em>Race, Science and Society</em></strong></p><p class="p1"> </p><p class="p2"><span class="s1"><strong>Abstract </strong></span>| In this article I present and critique a standard chronology of race as, first, a concept rooted in culture and environment, and later in human biology and determinism, and finally back to culture alone<span class="s2"><strong><em>.</em></strong></span>I will outline changing understandings of race over time, with some attention to the role of science, broadly understood, and on the continuing but changing character of race as a natural-cultural discourse about organic bodies, environments and behavior, in which both cultural and natural dimensions always co-exist<span class="s2"><strong><em>.</em></strong></span>“Nature” is not to be understood simply as “biology,” and neither nature nor biology necessarily imply the fixity and determination that they are often assumed nowadays to involve<span class="s2"><strong><em>.</em></strong></span>Being open to the co-existence of culture and nature and the mutability of the latter allows us to better comprehend the whole range of action of racial thinking.</p>

Pupil with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Karolina Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
School Performance ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Pupil with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Over the past twenty years childhood OCD has received more attention than any other anxiety disorder that occurs in the childhood. The increasing interest and research in this area have led to increasing number of diagnoses of OCD in children and adolescents, which affects both specialists and teachers. Depending on the severity of symptoms OCD has a detrimental effect upon child's school performance, which can lead almost to the impossibility to concentrate on school and associated duties. This article is devoted to the obsessive-compulsive disorder and its specifics in children, focusing on the impact of this disorder on behaviour, experience and performance of the child in the school environment. It mentions how important is the role of the teacher in whose class the pupil with this diagnosis is and it points out that it is necessary to increase teachers' competence to identify children with OCD symptoms, to take the disease into the account, to adapt the course of teaching and to introduce such measures that could help children reduce the anxiety and maintain (or increase) the school performance within and in accordance with the school regulations and curriculum.

Biopsychosocial Patterning of Multimorbidity and Its Consequences

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-236
Author(s):  
Elliot Friedman ◽  
Beth LeBreton ◽  
Lindsay Fuzzell ◽  
Elizabeth Wehrpsann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

By many estimates the majority of adults over age 65 have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at increased risk of adverse functional outcomes. Nonetheless, many older adults with multimorbidity are able to maintain high levels of function and retain good quality of life. Research presented here is designed to understand the influences that help ensure better functional outcomes in these older adults. This chapter presents findings that draw on data from the Midlife in the United States study. The independent and interactive contributions of diverse factors to multimorbidity and changes in multimorbidity over time are reviewed. The degree that multimorbidity increases risk of cognitive impairment and disability is examined. The role of inflammation as a mediator is considered. Multimorbidity is increasingly the norm for older adults, so better understanding of factors contributing to variability in multimorbidity-related outcomes can lead to improved quality of life.

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