scholarly journals Koch’s time for COVID-19 and the other major epidemics of the 21st century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Yuting Zhong ◽  
Guojun Sheng ◽  
Lin Zou
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Medical Standard

Koch’s postulates are classical medical standard followed by researchers all over the world to identify a new pathogen for an emerging infectious disease (EID). In this article, we put forward a new concept of Koch’s time for a new pathogen (KTNP), which stands for the time from the first case of attention of an EID to the first complete genome of the new pathogen in a public domain, to quantify the response of EIDs. Shortening KTNP expedites development of detection kits and/or devices world-wide. The KTNP of five EIDs occurred in this century are calculated respectively. The results demonstrated that KTNP is continuously shortening and Koch’s time for COVID-19 is 15 days.

Dancing Across the World Wide Web: Advocacy in the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Williams Cronin ◽  
Ty Tedmon-Jones ◽  
Lora Wilson Mau
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The World

Patterns of Searching for Information on the World Wide Web: A Pilot Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Fujihara ◽  
Asako Miura
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Task Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Search Domain

The influences of task type on search of the World Wide Web using search engines without limitation of search domain were investigated. 9 graduate and undergraduate students studying psychology (1 woman and 8 men, M age = 25.0 yr., SD = 2.1) participated. Their performance to manipulate the search engines on a closed task with only one answer were compared with their performance on an open task with several possible answers. Analysis showed that the number of actions was larger for the closed task ( M = 91) than for the open task ( M = 46.1). Behaviors such as selection of keywords (averages were 7.9% of all actions for the closed task and 16.7% for the open task) and pressing of the browser's back button (averages were 40.3% of all actions for the closed task and 29.6% for the open task) were also different. On the other hand, behaviors such as selection of hyperlinks, pressing of the home button, and number of browsed pages were similar for both tasks. Search behaviors were influenced by task type when the students searched for information without limitation placed on the information sources.

The image of a modern shaman. A literary example of Ida Brzezińska

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Angelika Moskal
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Way

Abstract: The shaman figure is most often associated with primitive communities, inhabiting, among others Siberia. The shaman plays one of the most important roles in them - he is an intermediary between the world of people and the world of spirits. Responds to, among others for the safe passage of souls to the other side and protects her from evil spirits. However, is there room for representatives of this institution in contemporary Polish popular literature? How would they find themselves in the 21st century? The article aims to show the interpretation of the shaman on the example of Ida Brzezińska, the heroine of the books of Martyna Raduchowska. I intend to introduce the role and functions of the „shaman from the dead”, juxtaposing the way Ida works (including reading sleepy margins from a rather unusual dream catcher, carrying out souls and the consequences that await in the event of failure or making contact with the dead) with the methods described by scholars shamans. The purpose of the work is to show how much Raduchowska tried to adapt shamanism in her work by modernizing it, and how many elements she added from herself to make the story more attractive.

scholarly journals Precedent Names in the Text Field of Marina Tsvetaeva from the Perspective of Free Indirect Discourse

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Daniya Abuzarovna Salimova ◽  
Olga Pavlovna Puchinina
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Free Indirect Discourse ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Text Field ◽  
Indirect Discourse ◽  
Marina Tsvetaeva ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The present study is complied with the topical theme “name in the text” and devoted to the problems of how precedent names as the text-forming elements function in the poems and prose works of Marina Tsvetaeva within the framework of free indirect discourse. The authors study various methods and functions of personal names. The authors make conclusions concerning the frequency of precedent names and the specific character of intertextual elements in Tsvetaeva’s text, which, on the one hand, complicates the perception of the text, but on the other hand, promotes including both the poet and the reader into the world-wide cultural and spiritual environment. The ways of introducing the name and the persona, especially within free indirect discourse, specifies the further existence of the name / or its absence in the text.

The Economics of Internetization

2019 ◽  
pp. 1714-1729
Author(s):  
Constantine E. Passaris
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Human Endeavor ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Landscape

Internetization is a new word and concept that has gained currency with the advent of the new global economy of the 21st century. Prior to the ascendance of internetization, economists had embraced the term globalization to describe the operational parameters of the new economy. The problem with the word globalization is that it is neither a new concept nor is it an appropriate descriptive for the contemporary transformational change precipitated by the spectacular technological inventions on the international economic landscape. The new word, internetization, describes more succinctly the transformative powers of the world wide web and the electronic information highway on the evolving dynamics of interconnectivity for the new global economy of the 21st century. Indeed, internetization captures the pervasive influence of technological change and electronic innovations on the global economy and all aspects of human endeavor for our civil society in the 21st century.

Specification of Components Based on the WebComposition Component Model

2011 ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Martin Gaedke ◽  
Klaus Turowski
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Process Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Dynamic Web ◽  
The World ◽  
Development And Evolution

Developing application systems that use the World Wide Web (WWW, Web) as an application platform suffers from the absence of disciplined approaches to develop such Web-applications. Besides, the Web’s implementation model makes it difficult to apply well-known process models to the development and evolution of Web-applications. On the other hand, component-based software development appears as a promising approach that meets essential requirements of developing and evolving highly dynamic Web-applications. With respect to Web-applications, its main objective is to build Web-applications from (standardized) components. Founded on these insights and based on a dedicated component model, we propose an approach to a disciplined specification of components.

The Power of Inclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 421-438
Author(s):  
Erasmos Charamba
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Electronic Mail ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
E Learning

The year 2019 saw the emergence of COVID-19, an infectious disease spread through human-to-human transmission. This resulted in the immediate worldwide suspension of contact classes as countries tried to contain the wide spread of the pandemic. Consequently, educational institutions were thus left with only one option: e-learning. E-learning is the delivery of learning experiences through the use of electronic mail, the internet, the world wide web, and it can either be synchronous or asynchronous. Through the translanguaging lens, this chapter reports on a qualitative study that sought to explore the crucial role language plays in the e-learning of multilingual science students at a secondary school in South Africa. The e-learning lessons were in the form of videos, multilingual glossaries, and narrated slides in English and isiZulu languages. Data was collected through lesson observations and interviews held via Microsoft Teams. This chapter suggests numerous cognitive and socio-cultural benefits of multilingual e-learning pedagogy and recommends its use in education.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic at a high-volume facility in gynecological oncology in Tokyo, Japan: a single-center experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Nogami ◽  
Yusuke Kobayashi ◽  
Kosuke Tsuji ◽  
Megumi Yokota ◽  
Hiroshi Nishio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Treatment Delay ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Case

Abstract Background The number of cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan have risen since the first case was reported on January 24, 2020, and 6225 infections have been reported as of June 30, 2020. On April 8, 2020, our hospital began screening patients via pre-admission reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and chest computed tomography (CT). Although no patients exhibited apparent pneumonia, treatment delay or changes in treatment plans were required for a few patients based on the results of screening tests. During an emerging infectious disease pandemic, the likelihood of being infected, as well as the disease itself, affects clinical decision making in several ways. We summarized and presented our experience. Case presentation After the introduction of pre-admission screening, RT-PCR and CT were performed in 200 and 76 patients, respectively, as of June 30, 2020. The treatment of five patients, including two patients with cervical cancer, two patients with ovarian tumors, and one patient with ovarian cancer, was affected by the results. Two asymptomatic RT-PCR-positive patients did not develop COVID-19, but their treatment was delayed until the confirmation of negative results. The other three patients were RT-PCR-negative, but abnormal CT findings suggested the possibility of COVID-19, which delayed treatment. The patients receiving first-line preoperative chemotherapy for ovarian cancer had clinically evident exacerbations because of the treatment delay. Conclusion During the epidemic phase of an emerging infectious disease, we found that COVID-19 has several other effects besides its incidence. The postponing treatment was the most common, therefore, treatment of ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer was considered to be the most likely to be affected among gynecological diseases. Protocols that allow for easy over-diagnosis can be disadvantageous, mainly because of treatment delays, and therefore, the protocols must be developed in light of the local infection situation.

Banner Blindness: The Irony of Attention Grabbing on the World Wide Web

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Panero Benway
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Web Designers ◽  
Do So ◽  
Banner Blindness

Web designers attempt to draw attention to important links by making them distinctive. However, when users are asked to find specific items, they often overlook these distinctive banners. The irony of “banner blindness” is that the user who really wants to find the information the designer has highlighted is not likely to do so. In the experiments reported here, banner blindness is reproduced under controlled conditions. Banners located higher on the page and therefore further from the other page links were missed more often than banners located lower on the page and closer to the other links. Banners were missed more often when located on pages containing links to categories than when located on pages with links to specific items. Users saw banners hardly at all when clicking a banner was not required to accomplish a task.

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