scholarly journals Insight Series, University of Birmingham

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Moulin-Stozek
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Ethical Conduct ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Ethical Development ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Professional Codes ◽  
Normative Perspective

Ethical behaviour from a normative perspective is usually understood as following rules, decisions based on any potential consequences and fostering internal moral qualities for human flourishing. Although the process of codifying professional conduct is in itself deontological (rule-focused), a code of ethical conduct should still depict a balanced orientation towards compliance with rules, consequences or ethical development. The analysis of the examined documents, however, indicates that professional codes seem to emphasise conformity among its own members to the rules of the codes rather than developing their autonomous interest in ethical professional practice.

Ethical behaviour of physicians and psychologists: similarities and differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Michall Ferencz Kaddari ◽  
Meni Koslowsky ◽  
Michael A Weingarten
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Dual Relationships ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Ethical Intention ◽  
Coping Patterns ◽  
Ethical Intent

ObjectiveTo compare the coping patterns of physicians and clinical psychologists when confronted with clinical ethical dilemmas and to explore consistency across different dilemmas.Population88 clinical psychologists and 149 family physicians in Israel.MethodSix dilemmas representing different ethical domains were selected from the literature. Vignettes were composed for each dilemma, and seven possible behavioural responses for each were proposed, scaled from most to least ethical. The vignettes were presented to both family physicians and clinical psychologists.ResultsPsychologists’ aggregated mean ethical intention score, as compared with the physicians, was found to be significantly higher (F(6, 232)=22.44, p<0.001, η2=0.37). Psychologists showed higher ethical intent for two dilemmas: issues of payment (they would continue treating a non-paying patient while physicians would not) and dual relationships (they would avoid treating the son of a colleague). In the other four vignettes, psychologists and physicians responded in much the same way. The highest ethical intent scores for both psychologists and physicians were for confidentiality and a colleague’s inappropriate practice due to personal problems.ConclusionsResponses to the dilemmas by physicians and psychologists can be categorised into two groups: (1) similar behaviours on the part of both professions when confronting dilemmas concerning confidentiality, inappropriate practice due to personal problems, improper professional conduct and academic issues and (2) different behaviours when confronting either payment issues or dual relationships.

scholarly journals Ethical paradigms in business and society

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Janez Drobnic ◽  
Jani Toros ◽  
Lidija Weis
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Ethical Conduct ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Business And Society

Introduction. Ethical conduct emerges as a topic of discussion especially when conflicts arise between people, which cannot be resolved by regulation because of new circumstances and situations, or when legal norms prove insufficient or are disregarded, therefore leading to ethically unacceptable practices. Ethical issues of this kind are now at the forefront of social treatment, mainly because modern management practices have become increasingly problematic, areas of activity are expanding, and businesses and other forms of activity are increasingly under ethical pressures from multiple stakeholders. According, ethical behaviour is becoming a global issue and a pressing topic both in general and professional discussions; scientific analysis is therefore extremely relevant. Aim and tasks. This article’s aim is to study the ethical principles and morally ethical problems that arise in various business environments, such as medical, technical, legal, and commercial, as well as in sectors, including state, non-governmental, and private markets. It also explores ethical bases change over time and depending on social flows. Undoubtedly, stakeholders are interested in such ethics-based governance, which means that ethical issues should be effectively put into practice. The study identifies the key paradigms of how different sectors operate and what issues arise. Results. The diachronic study finds that there was almost no interest in studying business ethics over the last century. The beginning of the 21st century saw strong increase in interest regarding these issues, as evidenced by the number of studies and analyses, the introduction of ethical business courses, and other ethical issues. Hyperconnected modern society is increasingly globally interdependent, wherefore interest in the appropriate culture and ethics of action is increasing with the aim of reducing risks and conflicts. Nongovernmental organizations increasingly involved in these processes, develop their business practices of responsibility and care for vulnerable groups and the environment. They have indirectly become a strong factor in leveraging for the ethical conduct of free market operators as well as state/public institutions. Conclusions. The existing studies identified seven key ethical paradigms that emerge in the operation of non-governmental, state, and market sectors, differing in key two dimensions: the first extends from emphasizing community (communitarianism) to exposing individuality, and the second from self-orientation (egocentricity) to a focus on the other (sociocentricity). On this basis, an array of various approaches to ethics can emerge, providing for useful tools for the professional analysis of business practices, as well as to assist stakeholders in introducing better business at all levels.

scholarly journals To Kill a Mockingbird and Legal Ethics: On the Role of Atticus Finch’s Attic Rhetoric in Fulfillment of Duties to Client, to Court, to Society, and to Self

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-325
Author(s):  
Michelle Kundmueller
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Conduct ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
Legal Ethics ◽  
To Kill A Mockingbird ◽  
Public Citizen ◽  
First Time ◽  
Special Responsibility

Abstract Atticus Finch, protagonist of Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird and longtime hero of the American bar, is well known, but he is not well understood. This article unlocks the secret to his status as the most admired of fictional attorneys by demonstrating the role that his rhetoric plays in his exemplary fulfillment of the duties of an attorney to zealously represent clients, to serve as an officer of the court, and to act as a public citizen with a special responsibility for the quality of justice. Always using the simplest accurate wording, focusing on reason over emotion, and speaking in the same manner whether in private or in public, Atticus’s rhetoric exemplifies the ancient Roman style known by students of rhetoric as “Attic.” Using this style to navigate the potential for conflict among his duties, Atticus reveals the power, the elegance, and the ethical necessity of Attic rhetoric. Connecting Atticus’s name to the Attic style of rhetoric for the first time, this article advances several scholarly debates by demonstrating the mutual compatibility of the duties imposed by the Model Rules of Professional Conduct and proffering a powerful tool to attorneys seeking to practice or to teach improved ethical conduct.

Geoscience, ethics and enforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. SP508-2019-245
Author(s):  
Oliver Bonham ◽  
Andrea Waldie
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Professional Conduct

AbstractWith geoethics evolving into the philosophy uniting geoscience with ethics, three related practical matters must be kept in focus. What ethical behaviour – exactly – should be desired of geoscientists? How is that desired ethical behaviour best instilled? Finally, and most importantly, is ethical behaviour enforced when geoscientists conduct themselves unethically?This chapter looks at how expectations concerning ethical behaviour (often referred to as ‘professional conduct’) in geoscience are typically established, articulated and instilled. It then explores the important role of enforcement in ethics compliance, including differences in enforcement approaches and actions. Future trends are also discussed. The chapter concludes with some considerations for going forward.

Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct for Occupational Therapists

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Statutory Requirement ◽  
The Status

The Professions Supplementary to Medicine Act 1960 bestows the status of a profession on occupational therapy which automatically carries the statutory requirement to regulate professional practice for the protection of clients. The Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Code’) is produced by the College of Occupational Therapists (hereinafter referred to as ‘the College’) for, and on behalf of, the British Association of Occupational Therapists, the central organisation for occupational therapists throughout the United Kingdom. The College of Occupational Therapists is the subsidiary organisation, with delegated responsibility for the promotion of good practice and the prevention of malpractice.

scholarly journals Aristotle and the Management Consultants: Shooting for Ethical Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-44
Author(s):  
David Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Management Consulting ◽  
Virtuous Person ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Management Consultants ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Management Consultant ◽  
Management Consultancy ◽  
Positive Target

AbstractThe academic literature on management consulting raises many questions about the ethics of management consulting. The uncertain, emergent, and often socially constructed nature of management consultancy knowledge limits the scope both for regulating the industry in the manner of the established professions, and for evaluating management consultants’ work objectively. The character of management consultants is therefore a central issue in how far clients and other stakeholders can trust them. This paper considers three questions, using Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics as a guide. These are, first, ‘What is the function of a management consultant?’, second, ‘How should a management consultant act in order to be a good management consultant?’, and third, ‘Where does the boundary lie between the ethical responsibilities of the management consultant and those of the client and other stakeholders?’ Aristotelian virtue ethics are valuable in answering these questions. Their focus on character is well suited to the distinct ethical problems of management consulting. Aristotle’s overarching concern with human flourishing, and an ethically balanced approach towards benefiting from the good things to which a virtuous person may aspire, has more promise as an influence on consultants’ behaviour than the lists of prohibitions that typify codes of ethical practice in the industry. Aristotle’s call for leaders to habituate their people to ethical behaviour should be heard by the leaders of management consultancy firms. In accordance with Aristotle’s philosophy, this paper proposes a positive target at which management consultants can aim in shooting for ethical practice.

Moving from Codes of Ethics to Ethical Relationships for Midwifery Practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye E Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Midwifery Practice ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Professional Codes ◽  
Existing Frames ◽  
Ethical Response ◽  
The Impact

This discussion examines the emergence of professional codes of ethics, influences that shape contemporary midwifery ethics, and the adequacy of codes to actualize values embedded in the midwifery ethics discourse. It considers the traditions of professional practice, the impact of institutionalization on health care, the application of a code of practice as a recent addition to those traditions, and the strengths and weaknesses of codes of ethics as models for ethical responses. That is, it sets out to articulate and deconstruct existing frames of ethical response. The ethics of strangers (normative theory and abstract principles) are rejected as inadequate, and the ethics of intimates (feminist-relational ethics) are proposed as a more adequate guide for well-woman centred midwifery practice.

Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
Roel Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
Normative Practice ◽  
The Right ◽  
Practice Education

Present discontents and concerns about schooling and learning call for critical reflection about education as a practice. Education is not to be degraded to instrumentalism. The profession is about the formation of pupils in a process of interaction to bring them to “human flourishing.” Learning implies mastery and self-responsibility, guided by the “right desire” to do what is ultimately good. This “right desire” in the Aristotelian and Christian tradition precedes the work of any professional or practitioner. The normative practice approach serves as a valuable help for the reflection that is needed. It presents a given set of norms that are appropriate to understand a professional practice. Reflection on the “right desire” in schooling, learning, and teaching helps to redirect education in our time of discontent.

Are Nursing Codes of Practice Ethical?

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Type ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Central Council ◽  
Professional Codes ◽  
Code Of Professional Conduct

This article provides a theoretical critique from a particular ‘ideal type’ ethical perspective of professional codes in general and the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting (UKCC) Code of professional conduct (reprinted on pp. 77-78) in particular. Having outlined a specific ‘ideal type’ of what ethically informed and aware practice may be, the article examines the extent to which professional codes may be likely to elicit and engender such practice. Because of their terminological inexactitudes and confusions, their arbitrary values and principles, their lack of helpful ethical guidance, and their exclusion of ordinary moral experience, a number of contemporary professional codes in health and social care can be arraigned as ethically inadequate. The UKCC Code of professional conduct embodies many of these flaws, and others besides. Some of its weaknesses in this respect are anatomized before some tentative suggestions are offered for the reform of codes and the engendering of greater ethical awareness among professionals in the light of greater public ethical concerns and values.

Client-Centred Career Development Practice: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bassot
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Codes ◽  
Professional Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Practitioners ◽  
Development Practice

The purpose of this chapter is to question and critique the concept of client-centredness, which is often taken for granted in careers work. Client-centredness has been at the heart of ethical career development practice for many years, to the point that it has become accepted as a given by many professional practitioners. On the surface, questioning it seems unwise and even unthinkable, but at a deeper level it is important to consider its flaws, the limitations it can sometimes place on professional practice, and the ethical dilemmas that can then ensue. Some potential challenges in relation to client-centredness and professional codes of ethics aree highlighted. The chapter concludes with a theoretical model that seeks to reposition the concept of client-centredness in a way that recognises the culture of the client, the factors at play in clients’ lives, and the labour market context in which clients are making career decisions.

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