scholarly journals The Challenge of Spatial Information Accessibility for Agricultural Policies: Case of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Spatial Datasets ◽  
Unrestricted Access

Agriculture is directly linked to the socioeconomic development of every region. Agriculture impacts us all, whether we are seeking food security, better health or striving to conserve natural resources. Goal 2 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) underlines the significance of agriculture as a means to achieve food security. United Nations in its recently published report titled "World Economic Situation and Prospects 2020"(UN, 2020) has declared agriculture as one of the global priorities for achieving high-quality health care and formal employment opportunities. Agriculture is a spatial subject. Policy makers demand unrestricted access to spatial data of various kinds in order to address agricultural issues and for evidence-based policy-making. Therefore, what types of spatial datasets are required for agricultural policy-making is a relevant question which is the objective of this paper. This paper also explores agriculture in Pakistan, main challenges faced by the agriculture sector of the country, and how many as well as what kind of spatial datasets are required to address these policy challenges.

scholarly journals Improvements to Information Entropy for Raster Spatial Data: A Thermodynamic-based Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Peichao Gao ◽  
Zhilin Li
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Information Entropy ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Spatial Datasets ◽  
Spatial Dataset

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Spatial information is fundamentally important to our daily life. It has been estimated by many scholars that almost 80 percent or more of all information in this world are spatially referenced and can be regarded as spatial information. Given such importance, a discipline called spatial information theory has been formed since the late 20th century. In addition, international conferences on spatial information have been frequently held. For example, COSIT (Conference on Spatial Information Theory) was established in 1993 and are held every two years all over the world.</p><p>In spatial information theory, one fundamental question is how to measure the amount of information (i.e., information content) of a spatial dataset. A widely used method is to employ entropy, which is proposed by the American mathematician Claude Shannon in 1948 and usually referred to as Shannon entropy or information entropy. This information entropy was originally designed to measure the statistical information content of a telegraph message. However, a spatial dataset such as a map or a remote sensing image contains not only statistical information but also spatial information, which cannot be measured by using the information entropy.</p><p>As a consequence, considerable efforts have been made to improve the information entropy for spatial datasets in either a vector format of a raster format. There are two basic lines of thought. The first is to improve the information entropy by defining how to calculate its probability parameters, and the other is to introduce new parameters into the formula of the information entropy. The former results in a number of improved information entropies, while the latter leads to a series of variants of the information entropy. Both seem to be capable of distinguishing different spatial datasets, but there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation of their performance in measuring spatial information.</p><p>This study first presents a state-of-the-art review of the improvements to the information entropy for the information content of spatial datasets in a raster format (i.e., raster spatial data, such as a grey image and a digital elevation model). Then, it presents a comprehensive evaluation of the resultant measures (either improved information entropies or variants of the information entropy) according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. A set of evaluation criteria were proposed, as well as corresponding measures. All resultant measures were ranked accordingly.</p><p>The results reported in this study should be useful for entropic spatial data analysis. For example, in image fusion, a crucial question is how to evaluate the performance of a fusion algorithm. This evaluation is usually achieved by using the information entropy to measure the increase in the information content during the fusion. It can now be performed by the best-improved information entropy reported in this study.</p>

Geographic Information System and Big Spatial Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-145
Author(s):  
Raja Sher Afgun Usmani ◽  
Ibrahim Abaker Targio Hashem ◽  
Thulasyammal Ramiah Pillai ◽  
Anum Saeed ◽  
Akibu Mahmoud Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Spatial Datasets ◽  
Big Data Technologies ◽  
The Impact

Geographic information system (GIS) is designed to generate maps, manage spatial datasets, perform sophisticated “what if” spatial analyses, visualize multiple spatial datasets simultaneously, and solve location-based queries. The impact of big data is in every industry, including the GIS. The location-based big data also known as big spatial data has significant implications as it forces the industry to contemplate how to acquire and leverage spatial information. In this study, a comprehensive taxonomy is created to provide a better understanding of the uses of GIS and big spatial data. The taxonomy is made up of big data technologies, GIS data sources, tools, analytics, and applications. The authors look into the importance of big spatial data and its implications, review the data sources, and GIS analytics, applications, and GIS tools. Furthermore, in order to guide researchers interested in GIS, the challenges that require substantial research efforts are taken into account. Lastly, open issues in GIS that require further observation are summarized.

DARCY RIBEIRO UNIVERSITY CAMPUS MAP – 2017- TECHNICAL NOTE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Sanzio Araújo dos Anjos ◽  
Jose Leandro de Araujo Conceição ◽  
Jõao Emanuel ◽  
Matheus Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Data Manipulation ◽  
Geographic Space ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Generation

The spatial information regarding the use of territory is one of the many strategies used to answer and to inform about what happened, what is happening and what may happen in geographic space. Therefore, the mapping of land use as a communication tool for the spatial data made significant progress in improving sources of information, especially over the last few decades, with new generation remote sensing products for data manipulation.

Ghana: the State of Agriculture and Prospects for Food Security in the Context of Achieving SDGs

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Tatyana Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

For the first time in Russian African studies, the author examines the current state of agriculture, challenges and prospects for food security in Ghana, which belongs to the group of African countries that have made the most progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals adopted by UN member states in 2015 with a view of achieving them by 2030. The SDGs include: ending poverty in all its forms everywhere (Goal 1); ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (2); ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages (3), etc. These goals are considered fundamental because the achievement of a number of other SDGs – for example, ensuring quality education (4), achieving gender equality (5), ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (12), etc. – largely depends on their implementation. Ghana was commended by the world community for the significant reduction in poverty, hunger and malnutrition between 2000 and 2014, i.e. for the relatively successful implementation of the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000–2015) – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. However, SDGs require more careful study and planning of implementation measures. In order to achieve the SDGs, the Government of Ghana has adopted a number of programs, plans and projects, the successful implementation of which often stumbles upon the lack of funding and lack of coordination between state bodies, private and public organizations, foreign partners – donors and creditors, etc., which are involved in the processes of socioeconomic development of Ghana. The author determines the reasons for the lack of food security in Ghana, gives an assessment of the state of the agricultural sector, the effective development of which is a prerequisite for the reduction of poverty and hunger, primarily due to the engagement of a significant share (45%) of the economically active population in this sector. The study shows that the limited growth in food production is largely due to the absence of domestic markets and necessary roads, means of transportation, irrigation and storage infrastructure, as well as insufficient investment in the agricultural sector, rather than to a shortage of fertile land or labor.

An Optimal Framework for Spatial Query Optimization Using Hadoop in Big Data Analytics

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Dadheech ◽  
Dinesh Goyal ◽  
Sumit Srivastava ◽  
Ankit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Query Optimization ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Spatial Query ◽  
Data Process ◽  
Boolean Queries ◽  
Spatial Query Optimization ◽  
Hadoop System

Spatial queries frequently used in Hadoop for significant data process. However, vast and massive size of spatial information makes it difficult to process the spatial inquiries proficiently, so they utilized the Hadoop system for process Big Data. We have used Boolean Queries & Geometry Boolean Spatial Data for Query Optimization using Hadoop System. In this paper, we show a lightweight and adaptable spatial data index for big data which will process in Hadoop frameworks. Results demonstrate the proficiency and adequacy of our spatial ordering system for various spatial inquiries.

scholarly journals Development of Multilayer-Based Map Matching to Enhance Performance in Large Truck Fleet Dispatching

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ching-Yun Mu ◽  
Tien-Yin Chou ◽  
Thanh Van Hoang ◽  
Pin Kung ◽  
Yao-Min Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Structures ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Spatial Data Mining ◽  
Map Matching ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
Table Method ◽  
Look Up Table ◽  
The Look

Spatial information technology has been widely used for vehicles in general and for fleet management. Many studies have focused on improving vehicle positioning accuracy, although few studies have focused on efficiency improvements for managing large truck fleets in the context of the current complex network of roads. Therefore, this paper proposes a multilayer-based map matching algorithm with different spatial data structures to deal rapidly with large amounts of coordinate data. Using the dimension reduction technique, the geodesic coordinates can be transformed into plane coordinates. This study provides multiple layer grouping combinations to deal with complex road networks. We integrated these techniques and employed a puncture method to process the geometric computation with spatial data-mining approaches. We constructed a spatial division index and combined this with the puncture method, which improves the efficiency of the system and can enhance data retrieval efficiency for large truck fleet dispatching. This paper also used a multilayer-based map matching algorithm with raster data structures. Comparing the results revealed that the look-up table method offers the best outcome. The proposed multilayer-based map matching algorithm using the look-up table method is suited to obtaining competitive performance in identifying efficiency improvements for large truck fleet dispatching.

scholarly journals Spatial Differentiation of Cultivated Land Use Intensification in Village Settings: A Survey of Typical Chinese Villages

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Quanfeng Li ◽  
Zhe Dong ◽  
Guoming Du ◽  
Aizheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Output State ◽  
Land Use Intensification ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Business Entities

The intensified use of cultivated land is essential for optimizing crop planting practices and protecting food security. This study employed a telecoupling framework to evaluate the cultivated land use intensification rates in typical Chinese villages (village cultivated land use intensifications—VCLUIs). The pressure–state–response (PSR) model organizes the VCLUI indexes including the intensity press, output state, and structural response of cultivated land use. Empirical analysis conducted in Baiquan County, China, indicating that the cultivated land use intensification levels of the whole county were low. However, the intensifications of villages influenced by physical and geographic locations and socioeconomic development levels varied significantly. This paper also found that variations in the VCLUIs were mainly dependent on new labor-driven social subsystem differences. Thus, the expanding per capita farmland scales and increasing numbers of new agricultural business entities were critical in improving the VCLUI. Overall, the theoretical framework proposed in this study was demonstrated to be effective in analyzing interactions among the natural, social, and economic subsystems of the VCLUI. The findings obtained in this study potentially have important implications for future regional food security, natural stability, and agricultural land use sustainability.

scholarly journals Food and Nutrition Promotion: Feasibility of the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Promise Zvavahera ◽  
Farai Chigora
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Government ◽  
Evaluation Mechanism ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Blue Print

Zimbabwe has faced persistent droughts from around year 1990 to date posing a structural food security challenge to the populace. Recently, the government of Zimbabwe introduced a blue print to spearhead and map sustainable balance in tapping value from the available natural and man-made resources in the country. This is known as the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-economic Transformation Programme (Zim Asset). Amongst its prospects, agriculture and nutrition has been reckoned as a sustainable cluster for economic development. This study was undertaken one and half years after the implementation of Zim Asset as an evaluation mechanism on the successes and challenges faced in transforming the Zimbabwean economy with specific reference to the Food and Nutrition Cluster. The study employed both post positivism and interpretivism philosophies applying quantitative and qualitative approaches in gathering research data. The research instruments included documentary evidence, face to face in-depth interviews and focus groups. The in-depth interviews explored issues to do with resources allocation in line with the Zim Asset agriculture sustenance objectives. Focus was therefore, on the four Ministries supporting the Food and Nutrition Cluster. Eighty percent of the respondents reported that the economic blue print has not made any significant strides in improving the country’s agricultural performance and food security since the inception of Zim Asset in October 2013. It was noted that the country continued to import maize from Zambia and other countries in the region. The major reason for its lack of success was due to the unavailability of resources to support the programme and the fact that land was allocated to unproductive and cell phone farmers. There was consensus that land audit and recapitalisation of the agriculture sector were critical in achieving the desired outcomes. The study recommends that the programme be adequately funded, so that the country can become self-sufficient.

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