scholarly journals Influence of material delivery condition on residual stresses and part properties during forward rod extrusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Jobst
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Microhardness Distribution ◽  
Component Manufacturing

During the manufacturing of semi-finished products, the material is subjected to various forming steps to achieve the final geometry. In order to reduce the work hardening introduced and to ensure a good formability, it is annealed before component manufacturing. Forming technologies like forward rod extrusion are well-established methods for an efficient production of resilient components. In this process however, an inhomogeneous pre-strengthening of the material influences the stress distribution during forming and therefore the mechanical properties and the residual stresses in the component. Since they affect the parts operating behaviour, knowledge of the influence of the delivery condition of the material is necessary. The aim in this paper is to derive dependencies between material properties and the resulting residual stresses and work hardening in the component. Due to the increasing application, ferritic stainless steel X6Cr17 in the skin passed (+LC) and soft annealed (+A) states is used. Residual stresses, microstructure and microhardness distribution of both material states are compared regarding the rods and extruded parts. The effects of the delivery condition are evaluated by comparing process and component properties.

scholarly journals Modeling Mechanical Properties of 21-Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel with Variation of Stress Ratio

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 2439-2444
Author(s):  
Hanyong Jung ◽  
Yangjin Chung ◽  
Myoung-gyu Lee ◽  
Kichul Park ◽  
Jaebok Nam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Ratio

OUTOKUMPU MODA 430/4016

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
304 Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Type 304

Abstract OUTOKUMPU MODA 430/4016 is a 16% chromium ferritic stainless steel that combines good mechanical properties with good corrosion resistance and heat and oxidation resistance up to 815 °C (1500 °F). It is the most commonly used ferritic stainless steel grade and can be used to replace type 304 austenitic stainless steel in certain applications. It is best suited for mildly corrosive environments. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1340. Producer or source: Outokumpu Oyj.

scholarly journals Microscale residual stresses in additively manufactured stainless steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Chen ◽  
Thomas Voisin ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Florien ◽  
Christopher M. Spadaccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lattice Strains ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Additively manufactured (AM) metallic materials commonly possess substantial microscale internal stresses that manifest as intergranular and intragranular residual stresses. However, the impact of these residual stresses on the mechanical behaviour of AM materials remains unexplored. Here we combine in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments and computational modelling to quantify the lattice strains in different families of grains with specific orientations and associated intergranular residual stresses in an AM 316L stainless steel under uniaxial tension. We measure pronounced tension–compression asymmetries in yield strength and work hardening for as-printed stainless steel, and show they are associated with back stresses originating from heterogeneous dislocation distributions and resultant intragranular residual stresses. We further report that heat treatment relieves microscale residual stresses, thereby reducing the tension–compression asymmetries and altering work-hardening behaviour. This work establishes the mechanistic connections between the microscale residual stresses and mechanical behaviour of AM stainless steel.

Development of Residual Stress Improvement for Nuclear Pressure Vessel Instrumentation Nozzle Weld Joint (P-43+P-8) by Means of Induction Heating

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Terajima ◽  
Takashi Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Weld Joints

As a counter measurement of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in boiling water reactors, the induction heating stress improvement (IHSI) has been developed as a method to improve the stress factor, especially residual stresses in affected areas of pipe joint welds. In this method, a pipe is heated from the outside by an induction coil and cooled from the inside with water simultaneously. By thermal stresses to produce a temperature differential between the inner and outer pipe surfaces, the residual stress inside the pipe is improved compression. IHSI had been applied to weld joints of austenitic stainless steel pipes (P-8+P-8). However IHSI had not been applied to weld joints of nickel-chromium-iron alloy (P-43) and austenitic stainless steel (P-8). This weld joint (P-43+P-8) is used for instrumentation nozzles in nuclear power plants’ reactor pressure vessels. Therefore for the purpose of applying IHSI to this one, we studied the following. i) Investigation of IHSI conditions (Essential Variables); ii) Residual stresses after IHSI; iii) Mechanical properties after IHSI. This paper explains that IHSI is sufficiently effective in improvement of the residual stresses for this weld joint (P-43+P-8), and that IHSI does not cause negative effects by results of mechanical properties, and IHSI is verified concerning applying it to this kind of weld joint.

scholarly journals Through-Thickness Residual Stresses, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam-Welded CA6NM Martensitic Stainless Steel after Postweld Heat Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sheida Sarafan ◽  
Priti Wanjara ◽  
Jean-Benoît Lévesque ◽  
Javad Gholipour ◽  
Henri Champliaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Postweld Heat Treatment ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Postweld Heat

In this study, the integrity of electron beam- (EB-) welded CA6NM—a grade of 13% Cr-4% Ni martensitic stainless steel—was assessed through the entire joint thickness of 90 mm after postweld heat treatment (PWHT). The joints were characterized by examining the microstructure, residual stresses, global mechanical properties (static tensile, Charpy impact, and bend), and local properties (yield strength and strain at fracture) in the metallurgically modified regions of the EB welds. The applied PWHT tempered the “fresh” martensite present in the microstructure after welding, which reduced sufficiently the hardness (<280 HV) and residual stresses (<100 MPa) to meet the requirements for hydroelectric turbine assemblies. Also, the properties of the EB joints after PWHT passed the minimum acceptance criteria specified in ASME sections VIII and IX. Specifically, measurement of the global tensile properties indicated that the tensile strengths of the EB welds in the transverse and longitudinal directions were on the same order as that of the base metal (BM). Evaluation of the local tensile properties using a digital image correlation (DIC) methodology showed higher local yield strengths in the fusion zone (FZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of 727 MPa and 740 MPa, respectively, relative to the BM value of 663 MPa. Also, the average impact energies for the FZ and HAZ were 63 J and 148 J, respectively, and attributed to the different failure mechanisms in the HAZ (dimples) versus the FZ (quasi-cleavage consisting of facets and dimples). This study shows that the application of PWHT plays an important role in improving the weld quality and performance of EB-welded CA6NM and provides the essential data for validating the design and manufacturing process for next-generation hydroelectric turbine products.

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