scholarly journals An Effect of Unbalanced Load Usage of Electrical Equipment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andysah Putera Utama Siahaan ◽  
Solly Aryza
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Electric Load ◽  
Load Imbalance ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Unbalanced Load ◽  
The Right

Usage Unbalanced expenses are considered normal for electricity consumers and often found in the field. There are a lot of Distribution Substation of 20 KV installed to serve electricity users, and the lack of management of the installation of kWh Meter based on the profile of each customer that is different from each other, as well as the varying use of electrical energy in each customer causing an unbalanced distribution of Distribution Transformers. A raises another problem, namely the loss of electrical power due to an imbalance in the Electric Load in each phase. Therefore, the authors analyze the effect of load imbalances on the age of electrical equipment. Then apply the right steps to balance the transformer load, so that consumers are expected to understand the consequences of Electric Load Imbalance better.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOAD BALANCE IN THE EFFICIENCY OF 100 kVA DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS IN PT. PLN (PERSERO) AIMAS UNIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
John Ohoiwutun ◽  
Markus Dwiyanto Tobi
Keyword(s):  
Load Balance ◽  
Stable Distribution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Load Imbalance ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Unbalanced Load ◽  
Secondary Side ◽  
Increasing Load

The increasing population development in Sorong district is seen from the mushrooming of developers who build housing and the construction of shops which of course the need for electrical energy continues to increase. Thus electricity is an important requirement in human life so as to obtain electricity reliably and continuously, PLN is required to manage to maintain a stable distribution of electrical energy that is sustainable to consumers. One phenomenon that is always experienced in the field is the uneven distribution of loads from the secondary side of the transformer to the customer. This causes unbalanced load between phase R, S and T which in turn causes the current to flow in the neutral conductor of the transformer, so that the current causes losses in the transformer. In this study an analysis was conducted to find out how much influence the load losses have on the efficiency of the 100 kVA distribution transformer at PLN. After calculating and analyzing, it is found that due to load imbalance in R, S and T phases, this results in daytime load losses of 0.499 kW and increases at night by 0.746 kW. Increasing load losses results in lower transformer performance and lower efficiency.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BIOELECTRICITY-MICROBIAL FUEL CELL FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION: PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION AND CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zul Hasrizal Bohari ◽  
Nur Asyhikin Azhari ◽  
Nuraina Nasuha Ab Rahman ◽  
Mohamad Faizal Baharom ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Jali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Right

Energy trending lately shown the need of new possible renewable energy. This paper studies about the capability and capacity generating of electricity by using Bio-electricity-Microbial Fuel Cell (Bio-MFC). Bio-MFC is the device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by using microbes that exist in the sewage water. The energy contained in organic matter can be converted into useful electrical power. MFC can be operated by microbes that transfer electrons from anode to cathode for generating electricity. There are two major goals in this study. The first goal is to determine the performance characteristics of MFCs in this application. Specifically we investigate the relationship between the percentages of organic matter in a sample results in higher electricity production of MFCs power by that sample. As a result, the sewage (wastewater) chosen in the second series experiment because the sewage (wastewater) also produced the highest percentage of organic matter which is around 10%. Due to these, the higher percentage of organic matter corresponds to higher electricity production. The second goal is to determine the condition under which MFC work most efficiently to generating electricity. After get the best result of the combination for the electrode, which is combination of zinc and copper (900mV),the third series of experiments was coducted, that show the independent variable was in the ambient temperature. The reasons of these observations will be explained throughout the paper. The study proved that the electricity production of MFC can be increased by selecting the right condition of sample type, temperature and type of electrode. 

An experimental investigation on PZT behavior under mechanical and cycling loading

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Haim Abramovich ◽  
Eugeny Tsikchotsky ◽  
Gregory Klein
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Present Test ◽  
Static Mechanical ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cycling Loading

AbstractThe drive to produce electrical energy by directly compressing piezoceramic material using mechanical stress stands behind the present test series. To be able to correctly choose the right material, PZT disks manufactured by three different manufacturers have been tested under static mechanical compressive and cyclic loads. It was shown that although the disks can withstand high mechanical stresses (up to 100 MPa) without any visible damage, their transduction is confined to much lower stresses (50–75 MPa), a range in which the electrical output is a function of the square of the applied stress. This range is further reduced, when the PZT is subjected to cyclic mechanical loading, yielding an applicable mechanical stress in the range of 30–40 MPa, from which electrical power can be produced without further deterioration. To compensate for the low electric power, due to relatively low mechanical stresses applied on the PZT disks, one can increase the volume of the material used by placing layers of piezoelectric material one on top of the other, each subjected to the same mechanical stress. This will yield the required electric power from a safe given mechanical stress without reduction in its output.

scholarly journals SOCIALIZATION OF THE RIGHT ELECTRIC USAGE TO PREVENT HAZARDOUS FIRE IN TUGU SELATAN VILLAGE, KOJA, NORTH JAKARTA

ICCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Rummi Sirait ◽  
Nifty Fath ◽  
Eka Purwa Laksana
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Extension Program

The use of electrical equipment that is not in accordance with the standards established by SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) and the installation of electrical equipment that is not in accordance with the provisions are still often found in people's homes, so that the threat of electric fire hazards will be possible. Data from the recapitulation of fire incidents in DKI Jakarta Province in 2018 revealed that the biggest cause of fire was due to electrical short circuit, as many as 494 fire incidents occurred in a total of 1667 residences. This is quite alarming because many of the fires are caused by the low quality and installation of cables in most people's homes and residents do not understand the dangers of using inappropriate electrical energy. To participate in assisting the government inconducting socialization about the right electricity usage to prevent fires, the PPM activities in the form of socialization and direct assistance to residents' homes. The purpose of this activity is so that in the future residents of the Tugu Selatan Village of North Jakarta are more concerned about the electrical installations andthe electrical equipment they use by following with specified standards. This activity is very useful for the residents, proven by their enthusiasm in participating in the extension program with questions about the correct use of electrical energy and people's curiosity in knowing how to save electricity usage at home and calculate the cost of using electricity in their homes.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENT TRANSFORMERS WITH VARIOUS LOAD GRAPHICS FOR THE CONSUMERS OF ELECTRIC POWER

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Baidak ◽  
V. Matukhno ◽  
V. Chaikovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Distribution Transformers

The development and implementation of a new economic electrical equipment, in particular, energy-efficient distribution transformers – is a very essential step to reduce electricity losses in 0,4-35kV distribution networks. In a market economy the funds invested into the sector of energetics provide maximum profit to the joint stock company only in the case of the production profitability. In such a situation it is possible to achieve optimal material and energy costs on the transformation of power only under the condition of taking into account such factors as load charts of electricity consumption, the cost of the electrical power losses and maintenance of transformers in the process of exploitation, etc. Existing until today practice of transformers design ignores the actual characteristics of individual customers load charts that results in inefficient use of power transformers capacities during their operation. Non-consideration of the electroconsumer actual operating mode (load curve) in the design period leads to inefficient use of transformer capacity. It is proposed for a tight load schedule to design the transformer for the nearest least normalized power compared to the actual load, providing the possibility of intensification of cooling in case of power consumption increasing.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND DEVELOP AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR SAVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN THE STTAL OFFICE ROOM

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Wawan Kusdiana ◽  
Amri Rahmatullah ◽  
Bagiyo Herwono
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Automation System ◽  
The Right

The use of electricity in offices has been considered too wasteful. This is caused by human negligence in controlling their use. For this reason, this research was carried out as an effort to find the right method to reduce the high electricity consumption in offices. This research was conducted in the STTAL classroom, Bumimoro, Surabaya. From the results of the calculation, the total heat load in the classroom is 32,048.3 BTU or ± 4 PK. Total installed AC capacity is only 2 PK. This automation tool is a system that works automatically to regulate the use of electrical equipment based on parameters that have been determined in a program such as the presence or absence of humans, the level of light intensity and room temperature. Data collection is carried out for 6 days in the classroom, 3 days without tools and 3 days using the automation tool. Furthermore, the data is compared to the graph and the savings are calculated. The result, on day 1 is 56.11%, days 2 and 3 are 10.26% and the average savings for the 6-day trial is 33.43%. All data is recorded automatically on a micro sdcard and information about the amount of electricity consumption and the ON / OFF feature of electrical equipment can also be accessed via a smartphone with a wifi network so that users will find it easier to monitor the use of electrical equipment in the classroom.Keywords: electricity waste, heat load, automation system, electricity monitoring, electricity savings.

Process design and equipment selection for optimized steam and power concepts – the “zero” process steam sugar factory

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Boris Morgenroth ◽  
Thomas Stark ◽  
Julian Pelster ◽  
Harjeet Singh Bola
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Equipment Selection ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Steam Drying

Optimization of process steam requirement in order to maximize sugar recovery and export power along with manpower optimization is a must for sugar factories to survive under difficult conditions and to earn additional revenues. The process steam demand of greenfield and revamped plants has been reduced to levels of 32–38% from originally more than 50% steam on cane in the case of the brownfield plants. In addition, significant improvement in the power requirement of the plants has been achieved. Bagasse drying offers a good potential to improve the power export. Different available concepts are compared with a focus on bagasse steam drying and low temperature bagasse drying. In order to set up an optimized highly efficient plant or to optimize an existing plant to achieve competitive benchmarks, good process design and the right equipment selection are very important. Experience has been gained with multiple stage or double effect crystallization in the beet sugar industry offering further steam optimization potential. Vapour recompression is also an option to substitute live steam by electrical power. This even provides options to reduce the steam demand from the power plant for the sugar process down to zero. Key aspects concerning the process design and equipment selection are described.

Analysis of Surface Waste Heat Recovery in IC Engine by Using TEG

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 782-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Prakash ◽  
D. Christopher ◽  
K. Kumarrathinam
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Heat Energy Recovery

The prime objective of this paper is to present the details of a thermoelectric waste heat energy recovery system for automobiles, more specifically, the surface heat available in the silencer. The key is to directly convert the surface heat energy from automotive waste heat to electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator, which is then regulated by a DC–DC Cuk converter to charge a battery using maximum power point tracking. Hence, the electrical power stored in the battery can be maximized. Also the other face of the TEG will remain cold. Hence the skin burn out accidents can be avoided. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can work well under different working conditions, and is promising for automotive industry.

Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO) Applied for Tuning PI of Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Raheel Jawad ◽  
Rawaa Jawad ◽  
Zahraa Salman
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Electrical Strength ◽  
Shunt Active Power Filter ◽  
Active Power Filters ◽  
Non Linear

In the present-day decade, the world has regarded an expansion in the use of non-linear loads. These a lot draw harmonic non-sinusoidal currents and voltages in the connection factor with the utility and distribute them with the useful resource of the overall performance of it. The propagation of these currents and voltages into the grids have an effect on the electricity constructions in addition to the one of various client equipment. As a result, the electrical strength notable has come to be critical trouble for each client and distributor of electrical power. Active electrical electricity filters have been proposed as environment splendid gear for electrical power pinnacle notch enchantment and reactive electrical strength compensation. Active Power Filters (APFs) have Flipped out to be a possible wish in mitigating the harmonics and reactive electrical electricity compensation in single-phase and three-phase AC electrical energy networks with Non-Linear Loads (NLLs). Conventionally, this paper applied Ant Colony Algorithm(ACO) for tuning PI and reduce Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The result show reduces THD at 2.33%.

scholarly journals Gasification of yeast industry treatment plant sludge using downdraft Gasifier

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azize Ayol ◽  
Ozgun Tezer ◽  
Alim Gurgen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Glassy Material ◽  
Gasification Process

Abstract Sludges produced in biological wastewater treatment plants have rich organic materials in their characteristics. Recent research studies have focused on the energy recovery from sludge due to its high organic content. The gasification process is a thermal conversion technology transforming the chemical energy contained in a solid fuel into thermal energy and electricity. The produced syngas as a mixture of CO, CH4, H2 and other gases can be used to generate electrical energy. The gasification of yeast industry sludge has been experimentally evaluated in a pilot scale downdraft-type gasifier as a route towards the energy recovery. The gasifier has 20 kg biomass/h fuel capacity. During gasification, the temperature achieved was more than 1,000°C in the gasifier, and then the syngas was transferred to the gas engine to yield the electricity. A load was connected to the grid box and approximately 1 kWh electrical power generation for 1 kg dry sludge was determined. The characteristics of residuals – ash, glassy material – were also analyzed. It was found that most of the heavy metals were fixed in the glassy material. Experimental results showed that the yeast industry sludge was an appropriate material for gasification studies and remarkable energy recovery was obtained in terms of power production by using syngas.

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