scholarly journals STUDENTS’ UNWILLINGNESS TO SPEAK IN EFL CLASSROOM FROM CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lailatul Husna
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Target Language ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Negotiation Of Meaning ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Language Teacher ◽  
Acquisition Process

In the teaching and learning of English as a Foreign Language, the active participation of students in the classroom plays an important role in acquiring the target language. As claimed by Lightbown and Spada (2006) that when the students participate orally with the teachers or among their peers in the classroom it means that they are forced to be involved in the negotiation of meaning. It means that whenever the students reply to the teachers or their peers’ questions and give comments, they are able to express and clarify their intentions, thoughts and opinions which are essential to language acquisition.There is a cultural perspective affected the students unwillingness to speak in the EFL classroom. Cultural perceptions are at play right from the beginning of the language acquisition process (Kinyua: 2009) . The expectations in terms of how much language and in what order it should be acquired are also determined by the culture in which the child is reared. The aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the students’ unwillingness to speak in ESL classroom based on SLA and cultural perspective. It is expected that this research could be beneficial for English teacher especially to English Foreign Language teacher to find out the causes of the students unwillingness in speaking class. The data are collected through the observation and students’ speaking performance.

Valodas kļūdas svešvalodu apguves procesā: studentu pieredzes atspoguļojums

2020 ◽  
pp. 352-364
Author(s):  
Diāna Laiveniece ◽  
Linda Lauze
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Affirmative Answer ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Language Teacher ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition

Simultaneous learning, usage, convergence, and overlapping of a foreign language is a contemporary feature. In this process, anyone can be a language teacher and everything can serve as a teaching aid. It is not about acquiring a foreign language, but about acquiring it through any appropriate situation and material. People’s attitudes towards foreign language errors and their understanding of what it means to know a foreign language are changing categories that are currently affected by the increasingly widespread idea of plurilingualism. The aim of the research is to find out students’ linguistic attitude towards mistakes in the process of foreign language acquisition and language usage in practice. There are two types of errors in language acquisition: 1) accidental errors due to the influence of an interlanguage, which are fully within the competence of the learner at the time but this competence does not meet the standards of the target language yet; 2) performance errors when the language user is unable to exercise his/her competence adequately (EKPVA 2006, 136). These two types are not separated in Latvian linguodidactics, and there is just one term linguistic error. On the other hand, the English scientific literature distinguishes between error for random error and mistake for performance error. The research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 by interviewing 253 students of different nationalities and specialties from Liepaja, Ventspils and Riga. The survey (which went beyond the scope of this article) dealt with a number of questions regarding the language errors in the process of a foreign language acquisition and usage. - Have you asked a teacher or someone whose mother tongue is the language you are learning to correct your mistake when noticed? More than 76 % of respondents gave an affirmative answer to this question. - Should the teacher correct the mistakes of the learner in the language acquisition process? Almost 97 % of the responses to this question were positive. - Which correction of a mistake (teacher instruction, group mates’ reprimand, individual reprimand in real communication) is better remembered? More than 68 % of respondents believe that individual criticism in the real communication process is remembered better, only slightly more than a third of the respondents consider teacher’s instruction as more durable in the learning process. - Which mistakes (pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar) do you think cause more confusion when communicating in a foreign language? 41 % of respondents believe that the most misunderstanding in communication is due to ignorance of vocabulary. Pronunciation errors and grammatical inaccuracies are considered less significant. Respondents answered this question mainly by combining answers. - Do you think that errors in the usage of a foreign language can disappear by themselves as knowledge and language usage practice increase? More than 82 % of the responses were positive. - How do you feel when a language teacher or some other foreign language person corrects what you have said or read aloud? The responses show that the majority of respondents perceive reprimand as normal and consider it a natural part of the language acquisition process. Only some respondents think that it is wrong to correct language mistakes. The study shows that students’ linguistic attitudes towards language errors are generally neutral and positive. The combination of answers and the comments made by the respondents have proved to be informative valuable, showing not only their personal experience but also the actual picture of foreign language acquisition: real language usage is the way to qualitative language acquisition.

„Im Deutschen kan das nicht“ – Text type didactics for the teaching of German modal verb constructions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Sabine Jentges
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Approach To Teaching

Abstract In the Netherlands, the similar origin Dutch shares with German lends itself to a contrastive approach to teaching and learning German and, for this reason, is promoted on all levels. This leads to Dutch textbooks and grammars being almost exclusively contrastive in nature, irrespective of the targeted language level, which is also reflected in the unanimous scientific debate. This paper discusses to which degree construction grammar approaches and/or contrastive approaches can assist the Dutch learner of German in their language acquisition. Advanced Dutch learners of German’s use - or lack thereof - of sollen ‘are supposed to’ vs. sollten ‘should’ in written texts is analyzed and compared to the presentation of this topic in Dutch teaching materials for German as a foreign language. Furthermore, the questions are raised whether a contrastive approach mainly promotes the strategy of avoiding errors stemming from L1 inferences as well as whether a construction grammar approach leads to a more adequate acquisition of the target language. Based on these discussions, possible implementations for teaching soll(t)en to Dutch learners of German are proposed.

To do or not to do: willingness to communicate in the ESL context

English Today ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Syeda Farzana Bukhari ◽  
Xiaoguang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Do So

English is used by more than one and a half billion people as a first, second or foreign language for communication purposes (Strevens, 1992). In this context, the purpose of teaching English has shifted from mastery of the grammatical rules to the ability to use the target language for successful communication. Consequently, the communication aspect of teaching and learning English has become the key issue in the domain of second language acquisition (Yashima, 2002: 54). Therefore, the issue of whether the learners will communicate in English when they have the chance to do so and to what extent they are willing to communicate gain importance. These questions have led to the emergence of an important construct in the field of L2 instruction, i.e. willingness to communicate (hereafter, WTC), which is defined as a learner's ‘readiness to enter into discourse at a particular time with a specific person or persons, using a L2’ (MacIntyre et al., 1998: 547). MacIntyre and his associates even proposed that WTC in L2 should be conceptualized as ‘the primary goal’ of language instruction (MacIntyre et al., 1998: 545). This paper explores the important concept of WTC by looking into Pakistani students' WTC in Canada.

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES OF VERBS IN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2245-2249
Author(s):  
Suzana Ejupi ◽  
Lindita Skenderi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Learning English

Working with English learners for many years, gives you the opportunity to encounter linguistic obstacles that they face while learning English language as a foreign language. Additionally, teaching for 13 years and observing the learning process, it enables you to recognize the students’ needs and at the same time, detect linguistic mistakes that they make, while practicing the target language. During my experience as a teacher, in terms of teaching and learning verbs in general and its grammatical categories in specific, it is noticed that Albanian learners find it relatively difficult the correct use of verbs in context and even more confusing the equivalent use of verbs in Albanian. Since verbs present an important part of speech, this study aims to investigate several differences and similarities between grammatical categories of verbs in English and Albanian. As a result, the Albanian learners of English language will be able to identify some of the major differences and similarities between the grammatical categories of verbs in English and Albanian; overcome the usual mistakes; gain the necessary knowledge regarding verbs and use them properly in English and Albanian.

scholarly journals The influence of a Lesson Study cycle on a 2nd grade EFL picture book-based teaching practice lesson in Norway

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Larssen ◽  
Ion Drew
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Educational Method ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Video Recordings

This study aims to explore the influence of Lesson Study on the teaching of a 2nd grade English as a foreign language (EFL) picture book-based lesson conducted by a group of student teachers during teaching practice in Norway. Lesson Study is an investigative educational method originating in Japan. A group of teachers plan a research lesson which one of them teaches and the others observe, their attention focussing on a few selected pupils. The lesson is reviewed, re-planned and re-taught to a different class. The data presented here was collected through video-recordings of two lessons (a lesson taught and the same lesson re-planned and re-taught) and their corresponding pre-, mid-and post-supervision sessions. Lesson Study appeared to have had an influence on the activities, especially the type and number of questions being asked by the teacher, the timing of activities, and the use of the target language. It also appeared to have had an influence on the attitudes of both the mentors and students to using picture books with young EFL learners. Lesson Study has previously been little used and researched in foreign language teaching. This study demonstrates its potential to enhance teaching and learning in that context.

scholarly journals Good Practices for Primary-Level Content-based Foreign Language Instruction Identified in Finland

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taina M Wewer
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Foreign Language Instruction

This practice-oriented article, also applicable for general foreign and second language instruction, outlines experiences and classroom practices recognized as functional and effective in CLIL (content and language integrated learning) contexts. CLIL can be defined as a comprehensive approach to foreign language teaching because it aims at learning language through various content across the curriculum. Since one of the guidelines in the Finnish basic education is teacher autonomy, the fluctuation in materials, practices and methods is notable. Therefore, there is no sole authenticated model of CLIL implementation, but the practices rather vary significantly from one classroom to another. Furthermore, the extent of the target language (TL) exposure has an impact on the instructional choices as well as the pre-negotiated and defined learning objectives. In most cases, the primary aim is that the child learns to read and write in the mother tongue or the main language of instruction (most often Finnish in Finland), and the target language (in this case English) is gradually and increasingly incorporated into the everyday classroom practice. Hence, instruction is bilingual. Research on foreign language teaching and learning helps to formulate some of the recurring linguistic practices in CLIL classrooms which is important in shaping the language used for social purposes. The integration of language and content and academic language need special attention in CLIL. In a similar manner, assessment of the target language, has to be specifically addressed. I will touch upon all these issues in the three main sections drawing on CLIL instruction with approximately 25% English exposure of total instruction.  

scholarly journals Do not give up! The importance of mistakes in the process of teaching and learning foreign languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Eduardo Dias da Silva ◽  
Romar Souza-Dias ◽  
Juscelino Francisco do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Learning Programs

This paper aims to highlight the importance of errors and mistakes as an essential part in the process of teaching and learning foreign languages (FL). We understand that, while trying to produce meanings in the foreign language, learners, through some errors and mistakes, can develop the mental structures necessary for the consolidation of the target language. In this way, mistakes can e a strong tool indicator for teachers to assess and also to understand how far learners are in relation to the intended knowledge, according to objectives outlined in learning programs. The theoretical approach that orients our way of thinking is based on the point of view of some theorists, such as: Brito (2014); Corder (1967; 1985), Cavalari (2008); Richards and Rodgers (2004); Silva (2014); Simões (2007), among others. The results have demonstrated that the teacher, as a mediator of knowledge, must have a balanced attitude towards the students’ learning needs in order to help the learners to reach their best in the learning process. So, with this study, we expect that, in Teacher Education, mistakes could not be seen as something negative, but positive and necessary for the development of the student’s communicative competence.

CSCL – a tool to motivate foreign language learners: The Finnish application

ReCALL ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
TUIJA LEHTONEN ◽  
SIRPA TUOMAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ◽  
On Line ◽  
Language Students

This article discusses the applications of the theory of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) to teaching and learning a foreign language, in this case, one of the ‘Less Commonly Taught Languages’, Finnish. The ‘Virtually Finnish’ project was based on the idea of creating a larger, virtual Finnish learning community among the second-year Finnish language students in five US universities during the fall semester, 2001. CSCL was chosen as a base, as its principal goal is to aid the learners in sharing and distributing their knowledge to the whole learning community. In addition to discussing the set up and the content of the project, the students’ feedback about their language learning experience in the CSCL-environment will be examined. Furthermore, the conclusions, and the realization of our goals from the perspective of CSCL, as well as the students’ feedback on the collaborative process will be discussed. Based on the knowledge gained from limited feedback, a discussion of tools to aid language students in becoming a part of motivating and authentic collaboration projects on-line will be discussed. Looking at the students’ work on-line, as well as the feedback received, it was realized that certain skills crucial for communication have been neglected in teaching. Furthermore, it was realized that teaching on-line learning strategies in addition to teaching the target language is crucial. Future plans, and ideas for research in the area of CSCL will be shared in anticipation of inspiring others to undertake further research.

scholarly journals A Study on the Use of Mixed Language in Teaching English at Hospitality Management Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Supartini ◽  
Ni Putu Oka Agustini
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
First Language ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Hospitality Management ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Interview Session ◽  
Mixed Language

Learning English as a foreign language required some strategies to achieve the goal of communication. In teaching and learning process, the teacher and students frequently use their first language to explain the difficult word in English. This study aimed to investigate the language used by the teacher as communication strategies in teaching English as a foreign language and students’ responses toward the use of each type of language instruction in teaching English at Hospitality class. To investigate the study there were 2 teachers and 2 classes of hospitality management class as the subject. The data were collected through observation of teaching and learning process and interview session. The study was designed as descriptive qualitative research and the data were analyzed descriptively. The finding showed that the teacher used the target language frequently, however the used of mixed language to explain some difficult words also found in teaching and learning process.  

scholarly journals Difficulties in Teaching English Modal Auxiliaries to Turkish Students: A Cognitive Pragmatic Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Erton
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modal Auxiliaries ◽  
Teaching Learning

Recently, attention in modern linguistic theory has been shifted to facilitating a broader understanding of the world, in which language is a tool to establish a bridge between the interlocutor and the recipient. To do so, the development of linguistic, communicative and socio-pragmatic competences enriched with socio-cultural inputs in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or Second Language (L2) teaching and learning contexts have a significant impact on language learners both to develop their perception as native speakers of English and to facilitate the progress of cognitive skills and capabilities. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate a case study to show some of the difficulties in teaching English modal auxiliaries to Turkish students in EFL/L2 contexts which arise not only from structural characteristics, but also from insufficiently developed linguistic, communicative and socio-pragmatic competencies. It is also asserted that only teaching the lexical properties of modal auxiliaries in isolation from their socio-pragmatic and semiotic contexts alone cannot help learners to become successful communicators in the target language as it ends in communication failures, hesitation, a slower L2 progress, fear and misunderstandings. Therefore, role-play activities, cloze tests, research assignments, writing tasks and songs can also be integrated into the teaching-learning process to assist learners to become more aware of their actual authentic usages in a wide range of contexts through different activities. On the whole, this would also free language learners to refer to their First Language (L1) input and shape a broader understanding of the Foreign Language (FL) framed with its actual authentic usage.

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