Attitudes and Perceptions about Smoking Behavior of Students in the School Environment and Some Suggested Solutions

The trend of tobacco use is increasing among young people, students and evidence shows that tobacco smoke contains nicotine, which is a very strong addictive substance and is harmful to health, especially for children, adolescents and pregnant women. The chemicals in tobacco include acrolein, chemicals, acetaldehyde, carbon monoxide, nicotine, etc. Some of these chemicals are classified as carcinogenic. The cause of the increase of cigarettes stems from products with eye-catching, compact, flavorful, low-cost designs, etc. Tobacco is an addictive products very popular trade items in Vietnam. Today, it is not difficult to buy a pack of cigarettes from a shop, a grocery or at a supermarket. Although the mass media has propagated a lot about the harmful effects of smoking as well as the harmful effects of cigarette smoke to those around them, the proportion of smokers has not decreased. This situation is happening not only in adults but also in young people. Especially, smoking is creeping into the school where nurturing future talents. Although the harmful effects of cigarette smoking as well as the effects of cigarette smoke are widely known by the school as well as the media, the percentage of students smoking is increasing. This paper aims to study the smoking behavior of the students therefore we can assess the effectiveness of the mission of promoting health education to students and young people and finding solutions reduce student smoking rate.

A General Addiction Model Based on the Theory of Demand Degree—Taking the Simulation of Cigarette Addiction through Artificial Intelligence as an Example

Objectives: As one of the mathematical results of the theory of value philosophy, the theory of demand degree can propose a new interpretation model for addiction. The theory of demand degree believes that human demands can be divided into two types, namely, the demand amount and the demand degree, and the equilibrium point of the demand degree constitutes the main basis for people to compare different types of demands and calculate the demand amount. The addiction model based on the theory of demand degree believes that addiction should have two basic conditions: firstly, the unit addictive substance is of great value to the subject, and it is the reason for the brain reward mechanism in the addiction; secondly, an addiction index is constructed, and only when the addiction index is greater than 0, the subject has the possibility for addiction. The construction of addiction index provides a standard for examining whether a certain substance can make people addicted. Converting the relevant formulas of the addiction model into artificial intelligence codes enables artificial intelligence to simulate the phenomenon of addiction. According to the change in the indicator light on the MCU development board, it is possible to judge whether the artificial intelligence chooses to load cigarettes or charge, and simulate the cigarette addiction when the addiction index is 1. The results of simulating addiction through artificial intelligence are generally consistent with the general situation of addiction, especially cigarette addiction. This indicates that the addiction model has great rationality and universality, and further indicates that without considering the harmfulness of the addictive substance, addiction is not necessarily a disease, but may just be a normal response of the human demand system to the addictive substance.

Challenges and opportunities for tobacco control in the Islamic countries-a case-study from Bangladesh

Cigarette consumption is rapidly increasing in all Muslim countries. In Muslim countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, cigarette consumption has increased by 224% between 1963 and 1990. In Bangladesh, approximately 60 to 70 per cent of adult males and 20 to 30% of adult females consume tobacco in some form or other. The fact that tobacco has been accepted as an addictive substance, is a reminder that in Islam it is strictly forbidden; and smoking should not be considered normal behaviour in a Muslim society. Muslim countries thus have both the scientific evidence and Islamic teachings as two powerful instruments in their fight against tobacco, which if properly used, can bring success

Association of Addictive Substance Use with Polyvictimization and Acceptance of Violence in Adolescent Couples

Theoretical framework: The objectives of this study were to analyse the possible influence that some variables such as substance use (alcohol and marijuana) might have on relevant aspects related to violence in adolescent dating (victimization, frequency of violence and acceptance of violence). Methods: The sample included 2577 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18. The instruments used were two questionnaires. The first identified and analysed the types and frequency of violence experienced by the victims, and their acceptance of violence. The second analysed the use of alcohol and marijuana in adolescents. Results: The results indicate that victims frequently take on the role of polyvictims, suffering aggression in up to more than five different forms at the same time. Furthermore, it was found that this phenomenon is precipitated by substance use, the frequency of abuse and the acceptance of violence in a cycle of mutual interaction.

Areca Nut Chewing: Initiation, Addiction, and Harmful Effects Emphasizing the Barriers and Importance of Cessation

Areca nut is a highly addictive substance with carcinogenic properties and causes many harmful effects to the human body. Alkaloids are the major chemicals found in areca nut, and their mechanism of action has been studied for several years. About 600 million people around the world use areca nut, and its usage is higher in Asian countries. Areca nut chewers get used to the habit mainly due to social influence, stress, or lack of awareness. Some studies have reported a dependence syndrome related to areca nut chewing. Even though there are many ongoing research studies regarding tobacco addiction, less concern has been given to the areca nut addiction. There are only few studies related to areca nut cessation, and even those few cessation programs are mainly designed using tobacco cessation methodology. Sociocultural influence, behavioral factors, and accessibility are the main barriers to cessation. Behavior changing interventions proved to be more effective in areca nut cessation, but recently studies on pharmacological therapies are also emerging.

Penanggulangan Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Zat Adiktif Inhalan (LEM)

The abuse of inhalant addictive substances does not have specific rules governing the perpetrator of abuse that causes disruption of public order and comfort by the effects of these substances so that they can harm the surrounding community and can also threaten the life of the user at the same time if used sustainably. This study aims to explain the legal sanctions given to perpetrators of inhalant addictive substance abuse and to describe the efforts to overcome the occurrence of inhalant addictive substance abuse. This study was designed using normative legal research with a statutory approach, namely conducting research from library materials or secondary data and conducting research on the prevention of inhalant addictive substance abuse. The data sources used were primary, secondary, and tertiary legal data. The results showed that the abuse of inhalant addictive substances did not have specific rules, but in the Criminal Code and the Law, the impacts and risks of abuse with minors, then to overcome the abuse of inhalant addictive substances, can use non-criminal legal policy measures (Non-Penal) and criminal law policy (Penal).

Direct and Indirect Freedom in Addiction: Folk free will and blame judgments are sensitive to the choice history of drug users

People view addiction as a source of diminished free will and free will as a requisite to moral responsibility. Accordingly, people should judge addicts as less blameworthy when they act immorally. Yet, people are also sensitive to the personal histories of moral actors, such that the way by which people became addicted may influence these judgments. That is, people’s intuitions may track two types of choices: directly free acts are volitionally unconstrained during the moment of action, whereas indirectly free acts result from temporally prior directly free acts. Across two studies (N=806), we compare people’s moral intuitions about cases in which the actor becomes addicted by force or by choice. We find that perceptions of reduced free will partially mediate an association between choice (vs. no choice) in addiction and moral blame for a bad act (Study 1). We replicate this pattern with another case, and show that blame judgments are stronger when the bad act is related (vs. unrelated) to obtaining the addictive substance (Study 2). Our work highlights that lay people evince relatively nuanced intuitions about the role of free will in addiction and morality, tracking direct and indirect freedom when doling out moral blame.