Children's use of race and gender as cues to social status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara M Mandalaywala ◽  
Christine Tai ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Black People ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
White People ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Social hierarchies are ubiquitous and determine a range of developmental outcomes, yet little is known about when children develop beliefs about status hierarchies in their communities. The present studies (3.5-6.9 years; N = 420) found that children begin to use gender and race as cues to status in early childhood, but that gender and race related to different status dimensions and had different consequences for inter-group attitudes. Children expected boys to hold higher status as defined by access to resources and decision-making power (e.g., having more toys and choosing what other people play with) but did not expect boys to have more wealth overall. Gender-related status beliefs did not relate to gender-related social preferences; instead, children preferred members of their own gender, regardless of their status beliefs. In contrast, children expected White people to be wealthier than Black people, and among some populations of children, the belief that White people were higher status (as defined by access to resources and decision-making power) weakly related to pro-White bias. Children’s status-expectations about others were unrelated to beliefs about their own status, suggesting children more readily apply category-based status beliefs to others than to themselves.

scholarly journals Undergraduates’ awareness of White and male privilege in STEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Dancy ◽  
Katherine Rainey ◽  
Elizabeth Stearns ◽  
Roslyn Mickelson ◽  
Stephanie Moller
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
White Men ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
White People ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background It is well-documented that experiences in STEM courses for women and students of color are different from the experiences of White men. As part of a larger interview study, 183 college seniors from diverse gender and race backgrounds were asked their thoughts on whether the experience of being a STEM major was different for people of different races and genders. We use a framework of “science as White property”, derived from critical race theory, to frame this study and results. Results White men were largely unaware of any impact of race or gender. In contrast, women of color overwhelmingly report, consistent with results from a large body of prior research, that both race and gender impact their experiences as STEM majors. Students who acknowledged race and gender impacts did not always attribute these impacts to cultural or systemic factors (i.e., some reported women are underrepresented because they are less interested in STEM rather than a structural reason). Impacts identified that were attributable to systemic factors included impacts related to being a demographic minority (i.e., intimidation, feeling out of place, feeling pressure to work harder) and/or discrimination (i.e., job discrimination, bias against women or people of color and cultural assumptions implying the superiority of White people and men). A small number of students (mostly White women) stated that women or people of color benefit from their underrepresented status, often attributing this benefit to a perception of extra encouragement and opportunities. A common theme across categorizations was that women and students of color work harder than men and White people either because they are perceived to be harder workers or as a response to the sexism and racism they encounter. Conclusions We found that White men are largely unaware of the impacts of race or gender on the pursuit of a STEM degree. Additionally, with the exception of women of color, students are less likely to perceive race as having an impact on the experiences of students than gender. We conclude with a discussion of implications for future work related to gender and race representation in STEM.

Blackface Minstrelsy and the Reception of Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-320
Author(s):  
Julia J. Chybowski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Black Swan ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Blackface Minstrelsy ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis article explores blackface minstrelsy in the context of Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield's singing career of the 1850s–1870s. Although Greenfield performed a version of African American musicality that was distinct from minstrel caricatures, minstrelsy nonetheless impacted her reception. The ubiquity of minstrel tropes greatly influenced audience perceptions of Greenfield's creative and powerful transgressions of expected race and gender roles, as well as the alignment of race with mid-nineteenth-century notions of social class. Minstrel caricatures and stereotypes appeared in both praise and ridicule of Greenfield's performances from her debut onward, and after successful US and transatlantic tours established her notoriety, minstrel companies actually began staging parody versions of Greenfield, using her sobriquet, “Black Swan.” These “Black Swan” acts are evidence that Greenfield's achievements were perceived as threats to established social hierarchies.

The Law of the Father, the Law of the Land: Power, Gender and Race in The Shield

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKE CHOPRA-GANT
Keyword(s):  
Race Relations ◽  
White Male ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Real Power ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Gender

This article examines the construction of gender and race in the television series The Shield (FX 2002–). The article argues that while The Shield seems to offer an ostensibly progressive vision of a multi-cultural society in which race and gender represent no barrier to the possession of legitimate authority, the series premises the possibility of such access to power on the continuing possession of “real” power by a paternalistic white, male figure, thus presenting a regressive conservative vision of gender and race relations in contemporary US society.

Who Should be Involved in the Selection Of Venous Access Devices?

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Cynthia Chernecky ◽  
Katherine Nugent ◽  
Jennifer L. Waller ◽  
Denise Macklin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Vascular Access Devices ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The purposes of this study were to describe who should be involved in the vascular access device (VAD) decision-making process, according to patients and caregivers, and to describe if there were differences associated with persons involved in the selection of VADs according to race and gender. Convenience sample included 32 oncology out-patients and 10 caregivers from the southern United States. There were differences by race and sex in decision-making priorities of patients with vascular access devices indwelling; however, these were not statistically significant. Patients, physicians, and oncology nurses were viewed by both patients and caregivers as significant to the decision-making process. In contrast, caregivers were ranked as the least significant by both patients and caregivers. Females chose the physician as the primary decision-maker while males chose the patient as the primary decision-maker.

scholarly journals Pedagogies of Race: The Politics of Whiteness in an African American Studies Course

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina V. Jones
Keyword(s):  
White Students ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
White People ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
American Society

This paper evaluates students' arguments for a color-blind society to avoid discussions related to the continued existence of racism in USA culture. Relatedly, this writer finds that as an black woman her status as facilitator in the classroom is directly challenged, on occasion, and that race and gender play a primary role in students' perception of classroom material and how she is perceived. Classroom discussions related to historical texts reveal that structures of domination have slanted perception of black and white people in U.S. culture. Finally, a key to open dialogue about race and racism, primarily for white students, is to explain and demonstrate the invisibility of whiteness or white privilege in American society.

scholarly journals Balancing Research and Service in Academia: Gender, Race, and Laboratory Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Miller ◽  
Josipa Roksa
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
White Men ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gendered Organizations ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Depth Interviews

Our study highlights specific ways in which race and gender create inequality in the workplace. Using in-depth interviews with 67 biology PhD students, we show how engagement with research and service varies by both gender and race. By considering the intersection between gender and race, we find not only that women biology graduate students do more service than men, but also that racial and ethnic minority men do more service than white men. White men benefit from a combination of racial and gender privilege, which places them in the most advantaged position with respect to protected research time and opportunities to build collaborations and networks beyond their labs. Racial/ethnic minority women emerge as uniquely disadvantaged in terms of their experiences relative to other groups. These findings illuminate how gendered organizations are also racialized, producing distinct experiences for women and men from different racial groups, and thus contribute to theorizing the intersectional nature of inequality in the workplace.

scholarly journals WEALTH PROFILES AND VARIATIONS BY GENDER AND RACE: A GROWTH-MIXTURE MULTIGROUP COMPARISON

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S733-S733
Author(s):  
Yu-Chih Chen ◽  
Nancy Morrow-Howell
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Wealth is fundamentally affected by various life course characteristics. However, little is known about the role of life course factors in shaping wealth trajectories in later life. This study explored how the longitudinal profiles of wealth varied by gender and race (white and non-white populations). Data came from the 2004-2014 Health and Retirement Study with 16,189 older adults aged 51 and older. With corrections for clustered effect within household, this study used growth mixture modeling (GMM) to identify the longitudinal patterns of wealth, and how these profiles varied by these two important life course attributes. The model began with a separate GMM model for race and gender to investigate the optimal latent class model. These results were combined using multi-group approach to incrementally examine the gender and race invariance using configural (same form), structural (same trajectory mean), dispersion (same trajectory variance), and distributional (same latent class size) test. Results identified four distinct wealth profiles—Stable high, Low and increasing, Stable low, and High but decline—for each race and gender category. The multigroup GMM analyses revealed that the wealth profiles varied by gender and race, but the degrees of variation differed a great deal, with results supporting a dispersion model for gender but a configural model for race. Results indicate that race has a stronger effect in shaping wealth development compared to gender. The findings suggest that understanding wealth disparities in later life could be facilitated by examining how wealth varies by gender and race.

scholarly journals A LITERATURA COMO MECANISMO DE LUTA PELO RECONHECIMENTO SOCIAL DE MULHERES NEGRAS NA OBRA UM DEFEITO DE COR

Afro-Ásia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Da Trindades Prestes ◽  
Emília Maria Da Trindade Prestes
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black People ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
De Se ◽  
Women Literature ◽  
And Gender

<p class="abstract">O texto descreve e analisa a obra <em>Um defeito de cor </em>(2006), da brasileira Ana Maria Gonçalves, considerado um dos livros mais importantes da literatura do século XXI. A ideia é demonstrar, por meio das memórias de Kahinde/Luísa, uma mulher negra, ex-escrava, cega e à beira da morte, como a atual literatura produzida por escritoras afrodescendentes, ao plasmar em suas obras um modelo original de raça e de gênero, permite explorar a história sob um ângulo diferente daquele usualmente adotado pela literatura tradicional, possibilitando novas representações valorativas e a superação de estereótipos preconceituosos e excludentes relacionados com raça e gênero. A obra em análise, por transcender as narrativas tradicionais e ser portadora de mensagens capazes de traduzir desejos de valorização, superação de condições concretas de existência e de emancipação de pessoas oprimidas, abre caminho para descentralizar os discursos conservadores que fomentaram, historicamente, estereótipos preconceituosos e invisibilizaram as identidades de indivíduos negros e as lutas para conquistar direitos historicamente negados. Consideramos que esta literatura histórica contemporânea e crítica é capaz de se converter em um poderoso mecanismo de luta em favor do reconhecimento social da raça negra, particularmente da mulher.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Literatura de mulheres negras - histórias de escravas - reconhecimento social de negras.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="abstract">The text describes and analyzes the work Um defeito de Cor (2006) by the Brazilian author Ana Maria Gonçalves, considered one of the most important books of 21st century Brazilian literature. The idea is to demonstrate, through the memories of Kahinde / Luisa, a black woman, ex-slave, blind and on the verge of death, how the current literature produced by Afro-descendant women writers, by translating into their works an original model of race and gender, allows us to explore history from a different angle than those models usually adopted in traditional literature, making possible new representations of value and overcoming biased and exclusionary stereotypes related to race and gender.  By transcending traditional narratives, carrying messages capable of translating desires for valorization and overcoming the concrete conditions of existence and emancipation of oppressed people, the literary work under analysis paves the way for decentralizing conservative discourses that historically fostered prejudiced stereotypes and made invisible the identities of black people and their struggles to conquer historically denied rights. We consider that this historical and critical literature can become a powerful mechanism of struggle in favor of the social recognition of the black race, particularly women.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Keywords</strong>: Black women literature - slave stories - black people - social recognition.</p>

scholarly journals Representation of interracial couples on mainstream television : confining identities of race and gender in Heroes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lasch
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Interracial Couples ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Television Show ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Using textual and discourse analysis and a semiotic, narrative approach to television texts, I explore representations of identity, specifically interracial couples. I use three interracial couples on the popular mainstream television show Heroes to analyze and explicate the ideological portrayals of gender, race and their interplay as shown on television. Taking into account historical gender and race representational studies on television, I analyze Heroes as a multiracial, current mainstream television show in the contemporary comic book genre to understand the ways interracial couples are represented.

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