scholarly journals Visual world eyetracking using WebGazer.js

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Sarah Slim ◽  
Robert Hartsuiker
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Four Quadrant

The visual world paradigm is one of the most influential paradigms to study real-time language processing. The present study tested whether visual world studies can be moved online, using PCIbex software (Zehr & Schwarz, 2018) and the WebGazer.js algorithm (Papoutsaki et al., 2016) to collect eye-movement data. Experiment 1 was a fixation task in which the participants looked at a fixation cross in multiple positions on the computer screen. Experiment 2 was a web-based replication of a visual world experiment by Dijkgraaf, Hartsuiker and Duyck (2017). Firstly, both experiments revealed that the spatial accuracy of the data allowed us to distinguish looks across the four quadrants of the computer screen. This suggest that the spatial resolution of WebGazer.js is fine-grained enough for most visual world experiments (which typically involve a four-by-four quadrant-based set-up of the visual display). Secondly, both experiments revealed a delay of roughly 300 ms in the time course of the eye movements, most likely caused by the internal processing speed of the browser or WebGazer.js. This delay can be problematic in studying questions that require a fine-grained temporal resolution and requires further investigation.

The time-course of morphological constraints

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Cunnings ◽  
Harald Clahsen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
General Constraint ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading ◽  
Acceptability Judgment

The avoidance of regular but not irregular plurals inside compounds (e.g., *rats eater vs. mice eater) has been one of the most widely studied morphological phenomena in the psycholinguistics literature. To examine whether the constraints that are responsible for this contrast have any general significance beyond compounding, we investigated derived word forms containing regular and irregular plurals in two experiments. Experiment 1 was an offline acceptability judgment task, and Experiment 2 measured eye movements during reading derived words containing regular and irregular plurals and uninflected base nouns. The results from both experiments show that the constraint against regular plurals inside compounds generalizes to derived words. We argue that this constraint cannot be reduced to phonological properties, but is instead morphological in nature. The eye-movement data provide detailed information on the time-course of processing derived word forms indicating that early stages of processing are affected by a general constraint that disallows inflected words from feeding derivational processes, and that the more specific constraint against regular plurals comes in at a subsequent later stage of processing. We argue that these results are consistent with stage-based models of language processing.

Web-Based Text Analysis of the Patient Safety Concerns of Various Healthcare Stakeholders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insook Cho ◽  
Minyoung Lee ◽  
Yeonjin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Set Up

Patient safety is a fundamental aspect of the quality of healthcare and there is a growing interest in improving safety among healthcare stakeholders in many countries. The Korean government recognized that patient safety is a threat to society following several serious adverse events, and so the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Korean government set up the Patient Safety Act in January 2015. This study analyzed text data on patient safety collected from web-based, user-generated documents related to the legislation to see if they accurately represent the specific concerns of various healthcare stakeholders. We adopted the unsupervised natural language processing method of probabilistic topic modeling and also Latent Dirichlet Allocation. The results showed that text data are useful for inferring the latent concerns of healthcare consumers, providers, government bodies, and researchers as well as changes therein over time.

Iconic culture-specific images influence language non-selective translation activation in bilinguals

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthana Kapiley ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
Cohort Member ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Visual World Paradigm ◽  
Selective Translation ◽  
Task Time

Abstract Two experiments using the visual-world paradigm examined whether culture-specific images influence the activation of translation equivalents during spoken-word recognition in bilinguals. In Experiment 1, the participants performed a visual-world task during which they were asked to click on the target after the spoken word (L1 or L2). In Experiment 2, the participants were presented with culture-specific images (faces representing L1, L2 and Neutral) during the visual world task. Time-course analysis of Experiment 1 revealed that there were a significantly higher number of looks to TE-cohort member compared to distractors only when participants heard to L2 words. In Experiment 2, when the cultural-specific images were congruent with the spoken word’s language, participants deployed higher number of looks to TE-cohort member compared to distractors. This effect was seen in both the language directions but not when the culture-specific images were incongruent with the spoken word. The eyetracking data suggest that culture-specific images influence cross-linguistic activation of semantics during bilingual audio-visual language processing.

UGLEO: A WEB BASED INTELLIGENCE CHATBOT FOR STUDENT ADMISSION PORTAL USING MEGAHAL STYLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
Anneke Annassia Putri Siswadi ◽  
Avinanta Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Markov Chain Method ◽  
Information Center

To fulfill the prospective student's information need about student admission, Gunadarma University has already many kinds of services which are time limited, such as website, book, registration place, Media Information Center, and Question Answering’s website (UG-Pedia). It needs a service that can serve them anytime and anywhere. Therefore, this research is developing the UGLeo as a web based QA intelligence chatbot application for Gunadarma University's student admission portal. UGLeo is developed by MegaHal style which implements the Markov Chain method. In this research, there are some modifications in MegaHal style, those modifications are the structure of natural language processing and the structure of database. The accuracy of UGLeo reply is 65%. However, to increase the accuracy there are some improvements to be applied in UGLeo system, both improvement in natural language processing and improvement in MegaHal style.

scholarly journals On the Role of Bilateral Brain Hypofunction and Abnormal Lateralization of Cortical Information Flow as Neural Underpinnings of Conventional Metaphor Processing Impairment in Schizophrenia: An fMRI and EEG Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Adamczyk ◽  
Martin Jáni ◽  
Tomasz S. Ligeza ◽  
Olga Płonka ◽  
Piotr Błądziński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Flow ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metaphor Processing

AbstractFigurative language processing (e.g. metaphors) is commonly impaired in schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated the neural activity and propagation of information within neural circuits related to the figurative speech, as a neural substrate of impaired conventional metaphor processing in schizophrenia. The study included 30 schizophrenia outpatients and 30 healthy controls, all of whom were assessed with a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) punchline-based metaphor comprehension task including literal (neutral), figurative (metaphorical) and nonsense (absurd) endings. The blood oxygenation level-dependent signal was recorded with 3T MRI scanner and direction and strength of cortical information flow in the time course of task processing was estimated with a 64-channel EEG input for directed transfer function. The presented results revealed that the behavioral manifestation of impaired figurative language in schizophrenia is related to the hypofunction in the bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal brain regions (fMRI) and various differences in effective connectivity in the fronto-temporo-parietal circuit (EEG). Schizophrenia outpatients showed an abnormal pattern of connectivity during metaphor processing which was related to bilateral (but more pronounced at the left hemisphere) hypoactivation of the brain. Moreover, we found reversed lateralization patterns, i.e. a rightward-shifted pattern during metaphor processing in schizophrenia compared to the control group. In conclusion, the presented findings revealed that the impairment of the conventional metaphor processing in schizophrenia is related to the bilateral brain hypofunction, which supports the evidence on reversed lateralization of the language neural network and the existence of compensatory recruitment of alternative neural circuits in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Flexible time course of spatial frequency use during scene categorization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro L. Wiesmann ◽  
Laurent Caplette ◽  
Verena Willenbockel ◽  
Frédéric Gosselin ◽  
Melissa L.-H. Võ
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Scene Categorization ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Outdoor Scenes ◽  
Indoor Scenes ◽  
Fine Pattern ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Basic Level

AbstractHuman observers can quickly and accurately categorize scenes. This remarkable ability is related to the usage of information at different spatial frequencies (SFs) following a coarse-to-fine pattern: Low SFs, conveying coarse layout information, are thought to be used earlier than high SFs, representing more fine-grained information. Alternatives to this pattern have rarely been considered. Here, we probed all possible SF usage strategies randomly with high resolution in both the SF and time dimensions at two categorization levels. We show that correct basic-level categorizations of indoor scenes are linked to the sampling of relatively high SFs, whereas correct outdoor scene categorizations are predicted by an early use of high SFs and a later use of low SFs (fine-to-coarse pattern of SF usage). Superordinate-level categorizations (indoor vs. outdoor scenes) rely on lower SFs early on, followed by a shift to higher SFs and a subsequent shift back to lower SFs in late stages. In summary, our results show no consistent pattern of SF usage across tasks and only partially replicate the diagnostic SFs found in previous studies. We therefore propose that SF sampling strategies of observers differ with varying stimulus and task characteristics, thus favouring the notion of flexible SF usage.

scholarly journals Short-term adoption rates for a web-based portal within the intranet of a hospital information system

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. e100004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Kotoulas ◽  
Ioannis Stratis ◽  
Theodoros Goumenidis ◽  
George Lambrou ◽  
Dimitrios - Dionysios Koutsouris
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Content Management ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Greek Hospital ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Free Open Source

ObjectiveAn intranet portal that combines cost-free, open-source software technology with easy set-up features can be beneficial for daily hospital processes. We describe the short-term adoption rates of a costless content management system (CMS) in the intranet of a tertiary Greek hospital.DesignDashboard statistics of our CMS platform were the implementation assessment of our system.ResultsIn a period of 10 months of running the software, the results indicate the employees overcame ‘Resistance to Change’ status. The average growth rate of end users who exploit the portal services is calculated as 2.73 every 3.3 months.ConclusionWe found our intranet web-based portal to be acceptable and helpful so far. Exploitation of an open-source CMS within the hospital intranet can influence healthcare management and the employees’ way of working as well.

scholarly journals Analysis Methods in Neural Language Processing: A Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 49-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Belinkov ◽  
James Glass
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Survey Paper ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
New Models ◽  
Future Work

The field of natural language processing has seen impressive progress in recent years, with neural network models replacing many of the traditional systems. A plethora of new models have been proposed, many of which are thought to be opaque compared to their feature-rich counterparts. This has led researchers to analyze, interpret, and evaluate neural networks in novel and more fine-grained ways. In this survey paper, we review analysis methods in neural language processing, categorize them according to prominent research trends, highlight existing limitations, and point to potential directions for future work.

LEVERAGE: Reciprocal peer tutoring over broadband networks

ReCALL ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wong ◽  
Agnès Fauverge
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Application Sharing ◽  
Quality Video ◽  
Reciprocal Peer Tutoring ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Quality Video ◽  
Experimental Use

This paper reports on the experimental use of a broadband computer network hypermedia environment for language learning (French, English and Spanish). Using Web-based resources, students engage in a collaborative task over a network which offers high quality video-conferencing, application sharing and access to authentic multimedia resources. One of the main aims was to establish the practicalities of providing learners of languages with opportunities to engage in reciprocal peer tutoring. After outlining the pedagogical assumptions, and describing the set-up of the network-based learning environment, the trials are analysed, and the effectiveness of network-based language learning in supporting collaborative learning is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document