An evolutionary-emotional perspective of insomnia and parasomnias

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lampros Perogamvros
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Nightmare Disorder ◽  
The Individual

Based on past literature, it is here supported that insomnia, and parasomnias such as sleepwalking, sleep terrors and nightmares, reflect an evolutionary survival mechanism, which has threat-related origins and which, in some vulnerable individuals, becomes persistent due to failure of a fear extinction function. Genetic determinants, personality traits and sleep disturbances seem to determine whether the individual will resume normal sleep after the acute phase (return to safety) or will develop the pathological condition of chronic insomnia, persistent sleepwalking in adulthood and nightmare disorder. Possible treatments targeting fear extinction are proposed, such as pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and targeted memory reactivation during sleep.

Features of modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Dmitry Fedorovich Khritinin ◽  
M. A. Sumarokova ◽  
E. P. Schukina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Currently, insomnia is not only a medical, but also a social as well as an economic problem. Sleep disorders increase the risk of somatic, neurological and mental illnesses. The shift schedule has a significant impact on the employee’s health, increasing the risk of developing such disorders as metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension and other. As a result of sleep disturbances, lipid peroxidation processes may intensify, which can lead to the disorders described above. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of sleep disorders is an important aspect of chronic diseases diagnostics. In our opinion, it is crucial to study possible sleep disorders for their timely correction. The article discusses the features of drug and non-drug treatment of sleep disorders, as well as approaches to the primary and secondary prevention of insomnia. It is recommended to begin the treatment of sleep disorders with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia typically includes psycho-education, training in relaxation techniques, stimulation limitation method, sleep limitation therapy, and cognitive therapy. When developing recreational activities for employees with a shift work schedule, attention should be paid to work and rest regimes, prevention of fatigue and obesity, and the sleep disorders treatment. Training in sleep hygiene and improving its compliance in the target groups is regarded as a method of non-pharmacological treatment of sleep disorders and a means of primary and secondary prevention of insomnia. In our opinion, further research on the features of the prevention and treatment of insomnia in various population groups is needed. Effective primary and secondary prevention of sleep disorders will reduce the risks of developing neurological, somatic and mental diseases and significantly improve the quality of life.

Trauma-Focused Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Green ◽  
Doyle K. Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Manualized Treatment ◽  
The Individual

Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is a manualized treatment for children 3–17 years old who have posttraumatic stress symptomology as a result of experiencing a traumatic event or series of events. This evidence-based practice allows for practitioner expertise in adapting the order and time spent on each of the treatment components to best meet the individual needs of the child and his or her caretaker. This article provides an overview of the treatment components of TF-CBT, its application across various settings, use with diverse populations, and effectiveness.

scholarly journals Sleep Disturbances in Individuals with Alcohol-Related Disorders: A Review of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) and Associated Non-Pharmacological Therapies

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. SART.S18446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa T. Brooks ◽  
Gwenyth R. Wallen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
System A ◽  
Behavioral Therapies

Sleep disturbances are common among alcohol-dependent individuals and are often associated with relapse. The utility of behavioral therapies for sleep disturbances, including cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), among those with alcohol-related disorders is not well understood. This review systematically evaluates the evidence of CBT-I and related behavioral therapies applied to those with alcohol-related disorders and accompanying sleep disturbances. A search of four research databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL Plus) yielded six studies that met selection criteria. Articles were reviewed using Cochrane's Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) scoring system. A majority of the studies demonstrated significant improvements in sleep efficiency among behavioral therapy treatment group(s), including but not limited to CBT-I. While behavioral sleep interventions have been successful in varied populations, they may not be utilized to their full potential among those with alcohol-related disorders as evidenced by the low number of studies found. These findings suggest a need for mixed-methods research on individuals’ sleep experience to inform interventions that are acceptable to the target population.

scholarly journals Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Promising Treatment for Insomnia, Pain, and Depression in Patients With IBD

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K Salwen-Deremer ◽  
Corey A Siegel ◽  
Michael T Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Heighten Risk ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Over 75% of people with active inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) report sleep disturbances, which heighten risk for IBD relapse and flares. Despite mounting evidence for sleep disturbances in IBD, discussion of treatment is severely limited. The most common sleep disturbance, insomnia, occurs in over 50% of adults with chronic health conditions. Herein we describe the gold standard treatment for insomnia, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I). Although yet to be studied in IBD, CBT-I reduces a number of IBD-related comorbidities, including chronic pain, depression, and systemic inflammation. We describe treatment with CBT-I, the impact of CBT-I on these comorbidities, and recommendations for providers.

Insomnia in cancer patients.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18651-e18651
Author(s):  
Sara Ashraf ◽  
Mohammad Ali Syed Jafri ◽  
Mohamed Farouq Alsharedi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Nccn Guidelines ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Stage Disease

e18651 Background: Insomnia is a prevalent, debilitating problem that is faced by a growing number of patients with cancer. These patients are at higher risk of excessive fatigue, anxiety, depression, less immunity and poor adherence to treatment. A recommendation by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines is to routinely screen patients for sleeps issues. We sought to analyze the screening for insomnia and its management at a cancer center in Appalachia. We also evaluated referrals for cognitive behavioral therapy, which is recommended as first line therapy in patients with chronic insomnia by the American College of Physicians (ACP). Methods: We performed an anonymous survey related to sleep at our cancer center which included 312 patients diagnosed with a solid tumor malignancy divided into early stage (stage I or II) or advanced stage (stage III or IV). Three questions were directly from NCCN guidelines screening for sleep disturbances in patients with cancer. We also added questions regarding if the patients’ medical oncologists ever asked about or addressed their sleep difficulties and if any treatment was offered. The institutional review board of the cancer center approved this study. Results: Our results showed that 67.9% (212 patients) reported either having difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early. 14.7% (46 patients) reported excessive sleepiness, while 64.7% (202 patients) reported that someone else told them that they snore frequently or stop breathing while sleeping. Of the patients who reported difficulty with sleep, only 4.7% (10 patients) reported that their medical oncologist ever addressed it, with 7 patients being started on medication. No patients were referred for cognitive behavioral therapy. Patients with advanced stage disease were four times more likely to report disturbances with sleep than early stage disease. Conclusions: Patients with cancer have difficulty with sleep, which profoundly affects their quality of life and may negatively impact their response to treatment. We wanted to use this survey to see how we can improve efforts to routinely screen patients and identify those in need of assistance and therapy. Routine screening and initiation of treatment must be implemented nationwide in all cancer centers. We aim to start referrals for cognitive behavioral therapy and continue to address patients’ sleep disturbances on a routine basis.

SELECTED DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS OF POLISH THEORY AND PRACTICE OF SOCIAL REHABILITATION

2020 ◽  
Vol XI (2(31)) ◽  
pp. 225-244
Author(s):  
Irena Mudrecka
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
Classic Theory ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this article is to present scientific papers setting the development direction of social rehabilitation theory and practice in Poland. The presentation begins with the classic ̶̶ theory of Czesław Czapów, the creator of the Warsaw school of social rehabilitation, because this theory has been used in practice and continues to inspire young generation researchers. Most space was devoted to cognitivist-oriented resocialization, using the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Dynamically developing social rehabilitation based on the paradigm of positivity was also presented, including the concept of resilience and the concept of creative resocialization, which postulate working on potentials and developing strengths - factors protecting the individual against pathologies.

scholarly journals The Synergistic Process of Improvement in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Major Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2292
Author(s):  
Anders Malkomsen ◽  
Jan Ivar Røssberg ◽  
Toril Dammen ◽  
Theresa Wilberg ◽  
André Løvgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Therapy Termination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Patients Experience

Background: There is a substantial lack of qualitative research concerning individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present study, we wanted to explore how patients suffering from MDD experience improvement in CBT. Method: Patients with MDD (N = 10) were interviewed at therapy termination with semi-structured qualitative interviews. The transcripts were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: We identified three elements that were relevant to the process of improvement for all patients: the therapeutic relationship, the therapeutic interventions and increased insight. There is a dynamic interrelationship and synergy between these elements that may explain why patients considered the same elements as helpful, but often in different ways and at different stages of therapy. Conclusions: Highlighting the synergies and interrelationship between the elements that patients experience as helpful, may help therapists to learn from and utilize these experiences. This is a reminder of the importance of always being attentive to the individual processes of patients.

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