scholarly journals Mean Level and Variability in Affect and Perceived Regard: A Dyadic Daily Diary Study of African American Couples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betul Urganci ◽  
Anthony Ong ◽  
Anthony L. Burrow ◽  
Tracy DeHart
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dyadic Analysis ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
African American Couples

High levels of positive affect and low levels of negative affect have been repeatedly tied to better individual and relational well-being. However, research has largely focused on mean levels of affect whereas the day-to-day unfolding of affect and its impact on romantic relationships remain unclear. Here, we examined the links between affect variability, mean levels of affect, and changes in perceptions of partner regard —the extent to which people believe that their partners value and accept them—. One hundred and eighty African American couples (N = 360) reported how positively they thought their partner viewed them in two sessions (T1 and T2), separated by a 21-day diary burst in which participants reported on their positive and negative affect. Using a dyadic analysis, we found that high levels of actor negative affect variability were associated with lower positive perceived regard at T2 controlling for perceived regard at T1. This finding did not hold when controlling for mean levels of actor and partner negative affect. There is no evidence of positive affect variability on perceived regard, but the mean level of actor positive affect was associated with more favorable perceived regard. These results highlight the importance of controlling for mean levels of affect when examining affect dynamics.

scholarly journals Feeling Gratitude is Associated with Better Well-being across the Life Span: A Daily Diary Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Daily Diary Study

Abstract Objectives Numerous studies have shown that gratitude can improve mental health of people facing stressful events. However, most studies in this area have been based on laboratory experiments and retrospective surveys, rather than actual situations in which people are experiencing stress. Moreover, few studies have examined whether age moderates the benefits of gratitude. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused enormous psychological distress worldwide. Evidence-based strategies are needed to enhance well-being during this stressful time. This study attempted to fill these gaps by examining the benefits of feeling gratitude every day during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method A sample of 231 participants from mainland China aged 18 to 85 years participated in a 14-day daily diary study. After a pretest to collect demographic data, information on gratitude, daily positive and negative affect, perceived stress related to COVID-19, and subjective health were measured using daily questionnaires on 14 consecutive days. One month after the daily diary period, information on affective experiences, life satisfaction, and subjective health was collected as a follow-up survey. Results On days when individuals feel more gratitude than usual, they report more positive affect, a lower level of perceived stress related to COVID-19, and better subjective health on the concurrent day (Day N). Individuals also report a lower level of stress related to COVID-19 on the following day (Day N+1), when they feel more gratitude than usual on Day N. Higher levels of gratitude across the 14-day study period was associated with a higher level of positive affect and a lower level of negative affect, but was not associated with life satisfaction or subjective health at the one-month follow-up assessment. Discussion These findings demonstrate the benefits of gratitude in a naturalistic situation that induced stress and anxiety.

Does the Fear of Missing Out Moderate the Relationship Between Social Networking Use and Affect? A Daily Diary Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110404
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Riordan ◽  
Taylor Winter ◽  
Jayde A. M. Flett ◽  
Andre Mason ◽  
Damian Scarf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bayesian Regression ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Fear Of Missing Out ◽  
Daily Diary Study

Social networking site (SNS) use is common and speculation about the negative impact of SNS use on mental health and psychological well-being is a recurring theme in scientific debates. The evidence for this link, however, is inconclusive. The Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) may assist in understanding the mixed evidence, as individuals who experience FoMO are more driven to keep up with what is happening to avoid missing out. We used a 2-week daily diary study of 408 university students to measure the daily associations between SNS use and negative and positive affect and whether FoMO moderated these associations. Multi-level Bayesian regression analyses revealed that 1) greater SNS use was associated with reductions in successive positive affect, but not increases in negative affect and 2) FoMO moderated the influence of SNS use such that increases in successive negative affect occurred only in those individuals high in trait FoMO.

scholarly journals Ideal Levels of Prosocial Involvement in Relation to Momentary Affect and Eudaimonia: Exploring the Golden Mean

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 614-614
Author(s):  
Kelsey Finley ◽  
Maria Axner ◽  
Katherine Vrooman ◽  
Dwight Tse
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nonlinear Functions ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Golden Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear

Abstract Aristotle believed that happiness and success result from cultivating virtue at the mean between deficiency and excess - the golden mean. Some evidence suggests there is a golden mean of hours spent volunteering, where well-being benefits are maximized. Our study examined potential linear and nonlinear functions in the amount of time spent in prosocial work (PSW) in a day on the outcomes of eudaimonia, high arousal negative affect, and high arousal positive affect in a sample of high-commitment volunteers and prosocial leaders. In addition to nonlinear functions, interactions were explored. For example, we found that those who spend less time per week in PSW experience less negative affect when they spend more hours per day in PSW; however, those who spend more time per week in PSW experience more negative affect when they spend more hours per day in PSW. Additional findings for positive affect and eudaimonia will be discussed.

scholarly journals Efeito do relaxamento muscular progressivo no estresse e bem-estar no trabalho de enfermeiros hospitalar

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-493
Author(s):  
Eliseu De Avila Silveira ◽  
Karla de Melo Batista ◽  
Eliane da Silva Grazziano ◽  
Maria Edla de Oliveira Bringuete ◽  
Eliane de Fátima Almeida Lima
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Mean Stress ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hospital Institution

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del relajamiento muscular progresivo em los niveles de estrés y bienestar en el trabajo de enfermeros hospitalarios. Método: Estudio de intervención, de tipe antes y después, longitudinal, que ha acompañado 16 enfermeros de una instituición hospitalaria por ocho semanas consecutivas sometidos a un protocolo de relajamiento muscular progresivo. Se han recogido los datos con cuestionario, Escala de Estrés em el Trabajo; Escala de Bienestar en el Trabajo. Se han utilizado las pruebas Shapiro-Wilk, T pareado, Wilcoxon, Sperman y Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se observó reducción de los promedios de estrés (60/55 p=0,166) y aumento de los promedios de los factores de bienestar en el trabajo- afecto positivo, afecto negativo y realización (3.22/3,42 p=0,073; 2,07/2,29 p=0,094 e 3,71/3,92 p=0,060), respectivamente. Conclusiones: Hubo evidencias de que el relajamiento muscular progresivo ha reducido los promedios de estrés y ha promovido bienestar en el trabajo entre los enfermeros. Objective: To evaluate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the levels of stress and workplace well-being of hospital nurses.Method: This is an intervention, of the before-after type, longitudinal, which monitored 16 nurses from a hospital institution for eight consecutive weeks submitted to a progressive muscle relaxation protocol. Data were collected by questionnaire, Work Stress Scale and Well-being at Work Scale. Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, Sperman and Mann-Whitney tests were used.Results: The mean stress level decreased (60/55 p= 0.166) and the mean workplace well-being factors: positive affect, negative affect and fulfillment increased (3.22/3.42 p=0.073; 2.07/2.29 p=0.094 and 3.71/3.92 p=0.060), respectively.Conclusion: The study revealed that the progressive muscle relaxation reduced the means of stress and promoted well-being at work among the nurses.

scholarly journals Daily Stress Processes in a Pandemic: The Effects of Affect, Worry, and Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 941-941
Author(s):  
Niccole Nelson ◽  
Cindy Bergeman
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Daily Diary Study

Abstract On March 13th, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, a pandemic. Given the day-to-day behavioral changes necessitated by this global threat, the current study examined daily stress reactivity and its potential moderators during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two-level, multilevel modeling was used to examine the daily relationship between perceived stress and negative affect, as well as the moderating effects of daily positive affect, average pandemic worry, and age, on this process. Participants included 349 individuals from the young adult, midlife, and later-life cohorts of the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being who completed a 28-day, daily diary study amidst the COVID-19 pandemic (NDHWB; Age Range = 26-89). Individuals were affectively reactive to perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, experiencing higher negative affect on days of higher perceived stress. Regarding moderators, older individuals were less stress reactive than younger individuals, and the extent of individuals’ pandemic worry exacerbated their stress reactivity. Furthermore, daily positive affect buffered daily stress reactivity, regardless of pandemic worry and age. In sum, individuals who were younger or more worried about the pandemic tended to be more stress reactive than older or less worried individuals. Furthermore, daily positive affect buffered stress reactivity, and this buffering effect did not depend on age or the extent to which individuals were worried about the pandemic. Thus, mobilizing positive affect during the COVID-19 pandemic may be a promising avenue for intervention in daily stress processes.

Empathy in context: Socioeconomic status as a moderator of the link between empathic accuracy and well-being in married couples

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752199075
Author(s):  
Emily F. Hittner ◽  
Claudia M. Haase
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
Low Levels

The present laboratory-based study investigated socioeconomic status (SES) as a moderator of the association between empathic accuracy and well-being among married couples from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Empathic accuracy was measured using a performance-based measure of empathic accuracy for one’s spouse’s negative emotions during a marital conflict conversation. Aspects of well-being included well-being (i.e., positive affect, life satisfaction), ill-being (i.e., negative affect, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms), and marital satisfaction. SES was measured using a composite score of income and education. Findings showed that SES moderated associations between empathic accuracy and well-being. Empathic accuracy was beneficial (for well-being and ill-being) or not harmful (for marital satisfaction) at low levels of SES. In contrast, empathic accuracy was not beneficial (for well-being and ill-being) or harmful (for marital satisfaction) at high levels of SES. Results were robust (controlled for age, gender, and race). Findings are discussed in light of interdependence vs. independence in low- vs. high-SES contexts and highlight the importance of socioeconomic context in determining whether empathic accuracy benefits well-being or not.

scholarly journals Loving Others: The Impact of Compassionate Love on Later-Life Psychological Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Eva Kahana ◽  
Tirth Bhatta ◽  
Boaz Kahana ◽  
Nirmala Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Compassionate Love ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Existing scholarship in social gerontology has surprisingly paid little attention to broader loving emotions, such as compassionate and altruistic love, as potentially meaningful mechanisms for improving later life psychological well-being. This study examined the influence of feeling love toward other persons and experiencing love from others on later life psychological well-being. We conducted a 3-wave longitudinal study of a representative sample of 340 ethnically heterogeneous community dwelling older residents of Miami, Florida. The increase in feeling of being loved (β=-1.53, p<0.001) and love for others (β=-1.43, p<0.001) led to decline in odds of reporting greater level of depressive symptoms over time. The odds of reporting higher level of positive affect were significantly greater for older adults who reported feeling loved by others (β=1.16, p<0.001) and expressed love for other people (β=1.18, p<0.01). Older adults who felt loved had 0.92-point lower ordered log odds of reporting higher negative affect than those who reported lower level of love. The impact of compassionate love on depressive symptoms and negative affect remained statistically significant even after adjustment for altruistic attitudes and emotional support. The influence of loving emotions on positive affect was, however, explained by altruistic attitudes and emotional support. Our findings underscore the powerful influence of both receiving and giving love for the maintenance of later life psychological well-being. We offer support for the expectation that love is a significant force in the lives of older adults that transcends intimate relationships.

scholarly journals Savouring as an Intervention to Decrease Negative Affect in Anxious Mothers of Children with Autism and Neurotypical Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Ariel Pereira ◽  
Atiqah Azhari ◽  
Chloe Hong ◽  
Gerin Gaskin ◽  
Jessica Borelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Mother Child Relationships ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Individual

Savouring is an emotion regulation strategy and intervention that focuses on the process of attending, intensifying and prolonging positive experiences and positive affect associated with these memories. Personal savouring involves a reflection on positive memories that are specific to the individual and do not involve others. In contrast, relational savouring entails reflecting on instances when people were responsive to the needs of their significant others. Such interventions hold potential benefits in enhancing positive affect (PA) and reducing negative affect (NA) for both parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and parents of neurotypical children. Adults with greater symptoms of generalised anxiety have been found to have less PA and more NA. However, no study has investigated the effects of a mother’s anxiety symptoms on the efficacy of savouring in enhancing PA and reducing NA. Thus, this paper combined personal and relational savouring to investigate whether savouring may enhance PA and reduce NA of a pooled sample of mothers of neurotypical children and mothers of children with ASD. 52 mothers of neurotypical children and 26 mothers of children with ASD aged 3–7 years old were given a series of questionnaires and randomly assigned to either relational savouring or personal savouring conditions. In relational savouring, mothers were asked to reflect upon a shared positive experience with their child while in the personal savouring condition, a personal positive experience was recalled. Across mothers of children with ASD and neurotypical children, findings suggest that savouring leads to a decrease in NA (p < 0.01) but not increases in PA. Similarly, mothers with higher levels of anxiety experience a greater decrease in NA (p < 0.001) compared to mothers with lower levels of anxiety post-savouring. This study proposes that a brief savouring intervention may be effective among mothers of preschoolers. As lower levels of negative affect is linked to healthier psychological well-being, mothers might be able to engage in more effective and warm parenting after savouring exercises, which would cultivate positive mother-child relationships that benefit their children in the long-term.

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