StressLevel_5.16.2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rahimpour
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
External Control ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
And Control

The current study aims to probe the effect of cognitive abilities on the control of beliefs in midlife. Participants in this study (n=112) were interviewed and completed cognitive functioning tests at two-time waves (T1 and T2) with a 10-year time interval. Participants completed self-reported daily stressors for 12 successive weeks in the second-time wave. In this study, we examined if the cognitive decline was linked to general and domain-specific control beliefs. For this purpose, we measure and analyze longitudinal changes in cognitive abilities relates to control beliefs. We predicted that the association between cognitive decline and control belief would be increased by self-reported stress. We also utilized the expectation-maximization method to estimate missing data and applied multilevel modeling (MLM) to analyze statistical effects. Self-reported daily stressors were associated with significantly less control at work, finance, and health, and participants with more significant cognitive decline reported less external control belief. More cognitive decline was associated with a more significant decrease in averaged control belief over ten years when individuals reported more daily stressors. The current findings can inform interventions aimed to identify factors, such as daily stress, that contribute to daily abilities in the context of cognitive decline.

Striving for Positive Aging Among Chinese Older People: Effects of Life Stress and Control Beliefs in a Longitudinal Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-400
Author(s):  
Luo Lu ◽  
Shu-Fang Kao
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Positive Aging ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
And Control

We examined effects of life stress and control beliefs on a constellation of subjective indicators of well-being for older people, including meaning in life, happiness, peace of mind, and positive aging perception. The Chinese cultural background provided the sociocultural milieu for the present study. In a longitudinal study, 301 older Chinese adults completed a questionnaire survey twice, 6 months apart. Regression analyses found that stress caused by major life-changing events (acute) and financial hardship (chronic) were consistent negative predictors of all well-being indicators. Furthermore, primary control belief (tenacious goal pursuit) amplified the negative impacts of life events on happiness and peace of mind. Secondary control belief (submitting to circumstances), in contrast, acted as a buffer that alleviated the deleterious effects of financial hardship on peace of mind and meaning in life. Noting the threats of unfavorable life circumstances and the potency of secondary control belief for older Chinese people, theoretical and cultural implications were discussed.

scholarly journals Daily Stressors Degrade Perceived Cognitive Abilities in Healthcare Professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 892-892
Author(s):  
Rhitik Joshi Taylor Drury ◽  
Soomi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Quality Patient Care ◽  
Mental Focus ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Stress negatively impacts cognitive functioning. Less is known about whether daily stress is associated with perceived cognitive abilities in healthcare workers who require mental sharpness and attention to provide high-quality patient care. We examined daily associations between stressors and perceived cognitive abilities in nurses and whether the associations differed between workday vs. non-workday. Using 14-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment, 61 inpatient nurses at a U.S. cancer hospital reported the frequency and severity of daily stressors (e.g., arguments, accidents). Each day, participants subjectively evaluated their mental focus, memory, and attention. Multilevel modeling examined the within- and between-person associations of daily stressors with cognitive abilities adjusting for sociodemographics, work shift, and workday. Nurses reported experiencing stressors once every other day. More stressors were associated with poorer cognitive abilities. At the between-person level, those with more frequent or severe stressors reported poorer mental focus (B=-22.4, p<.01; B=-0.35, p<.01, respectively), worse memory (B=-24.35, p<.01; B=-0.37, p<.01, respectively), and lower attention (B=-25.47, p<.05; B=-0.40, p<.01, respectively). At the within-person level, on days with more frequent or severe stressors, participants reported poorer mental focus (B=-2.05, p<.05; B=-.03, p<.05, respectively) and lower attention (B=-1.95, p<.05; B=-.04, p<.01, respectively). Some of the between-person associations were more apparent on workdays; those with more stressors reported poorer mental focus and lower attention on workdays than on non-workdays. Nurses’ perceived cognitive abilities at work vary by daily stressors. Disconnecting the linkage between stressors and perceived cognition may help improve work performance in nurses who may encounter frequent stressors at work.

scholarly journals Szorongás, depresszió, egészségkontrollhit és az egészség-magatartással való kapcsolatuk ischaemiás szívbetegek körében

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (20) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Rafael ◽  
Barna Konkolÿ Thege ◽  
Péter Kovács ◽  
Piroska Balog
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
External Control ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Psychological and lifestyle factors affect the development and outcome of heart disease considerably. Aim: The aims of the authors were to examine health control, level of anxiety and depression and to analyse their relationship with health behaviour in patients with ischemic heart disease. Method: The present cross-sectional study involved 116 patients who took part in residential cardiac rehabilitation (56.9% men, mean age: 57.65±8.22 years). Results: 30.9% of the patients reported elevated anxiety and 21.9% increased depressive symptomatology. Social-external control belief was the strongest among respondents. Further, anxiety and depression were negatively associated with healthy diet and the frequency of exercise. Patients with stronger social-external control beliefs were more likely to seek medical attention if they suspected a disease. Conclusions: It is important to assess psychological risk factors linked to cardiovascular diseases in cardiac rehabilitation departments and to initiate psychological interventions if indicated. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(20), 813–822.

scholarly journals Awareness of Aging Mediates the Relationship Between Health and Control Beliefs: A Micro-Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 448-448
Author(s):  
Shenghao Zhang ◽  
Shevaun Neupert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Control

Abstract Objective: Control beliefs are bidirectionally related to physical and cognitive health, but it is unclear how health influences control beliefs. Health-related experiences (physical symptoms and memory failures) on a particular day can make older adults more aware of their aging, and may subsequently lead to lower control beliefs. We propose that awareness of aging constructs (subjective age and awareness of age-related change [AARC]) could function as mediating mechanisms between health and control beliefs, and examine this relationship from both between- and within-person perspectives separately for domain-general and domain-specific control beliefs. Methods: Older adults (n=116) ranging in age from 60 to 90 (M=64.71) completed a nine-day daily diary study online, resulting in 743 total days. Participants reported their physical symptoms, memory failures, felt age, daily AARC gain and loss experiences, and control beliefs on Days 2-9. Results: Multilevel mediation results showed that between-person AARC losses mediated the relationship between physical symptoms and both domain-general and domain-specific control over physical symptoms. Between-person AARC losses also mediated the relationship between memory failures and both domain-general and domain-specific control over memory. AARC gains and subjective age did not mediate the relationship between health and control beliefs. Discussion: Our findings suggest that between-person differences in AARC losses function as underlying mechanisms linking health and control beliefs. Efforts to reduce AARC losses may lessen the negative impact of health problems on control beliefs for older adults.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Belief Scales for Diabetes Risk: Development and Psychometric Testing

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Blue ◽  
David G. Marrero ◽  
David R. Black
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Belief Statements

This article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of behavioral belief, normative belief, and control belief scales, derived from the theory of planned behavior to predict physical activity intentions of persons at risk for diabetes. In Study 1, belief statements from interviews were categorized, ranked, and evaluated for item construction. Content validity was established by 96.1% agreement among a five-member expert panel. In Study 2, items developed from the belief statements were administered to 106 adults at risk for diabetes. Psychometric analyses provided evidence of construct validity and reliability of the three scales. Internal consistency was sufficient (α = .76-.95), and test-retest evaluations indicated scale stability ( r = .79-.91). Factor analyses and confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling provided evidence that the items were appropriately grouped under each construct. Researchers and practitioners can use these measures to assess behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about physical activity among persons at risk for diabetes.

An empirical study of biological scientists’ article sharing through ResearchGate

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngseek Kim
Keyword(s):  
Academic Culture ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Control

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how attitudinal, normative and control beliefs influence scientists’ article sharing through ResearchGate. Design/methodology/approach A survey method was employed to examine a research model of scientists’ article sharing through ResearchGate. A total of 264 survey responses from biological scientists in the USA were used to evaluate the research model by using partial least square based structural equation modeling. Findings The results showed that scientists’ attitudinal beliefs (i.e. perceived relationship, reputation and risk), normative beliefs (i.e. subjective norm, perceived academic culture and community norm of article sharing) and control belief (i.e. perceived ease of use) all significantly affect their attitudes toward article sharing and article sharing intentions through ResearchGate. Research limitations/implications The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to develop the research model, and the specific research constructs from prior literature were incorporated in the model. The TPB and related research constructs nicely explained biological scientists’ article sharing through ResearchGate. Practical implications This study suggests that academic libraries can better promote their scientists’ article sharing through digital platforms such as institutional repositories as well as scholarly social media. This can be achieved by emphasizing its benefits, including potential relationships or collaborations, positive academic reputation and community norms of article sharing, and by decreasing scientists’ concerns about copyright infringements and effort expectancy involved in article sharing. Originality/value As one of the initial studies in scientists’ article sharing through ResearchGate, this study provides a holistic picture of how attitudinal, normative and control beliefs all affect scientists’ article sharing through ResearchGate.

scholarly journals The role of action-control beliefs in developing entrepreneurial expertise

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-240
Author(s):  
Magdalena Markowska
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Action Control ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
And Control

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to theorize on the mechanisms underlying the development of entrepreneurial expertise. While prior studies have identified differences between the behavior of novice and expert entrepreneurs, the mechanisms that cause these differences have not received sufficient attention. Design/methodology/approach This paper systematically reviews the extant literature on entrepreneurial expertise and builds the conceptual framework by employing an action-control belief framework to propose mechanisms underlying the development of expert behavior. Findings This paper argues that differences in behavior between novice and expert entrepreneurs stem from self-perceptions of their ability to act. More specifically, stronger action-control beliefs encourage entrepreneurs to create new interpretations of the world over time; develop and use strategies that allow them to rely on perceived control over means and ends, their perceived capacity, and their agency; and hence behave more like experts. Practical implications This paper suggests that strategy, capacity, and control beliefs are key in individuals’ decisions of whether to engage in entrepreneurial action and that expert entrepreneurs hold stronger beliefs than novices. Positive experiences, particularly those associated with deliberate practice, contribute to developing these beliefs and, more broadly, to entrepreneurial expertise. Originality/value This paper proposes that the mechanism of transformation from novice to expert behavior can be attributed to positive changes in deeply held beliefs about strategy (i.e. possible means-ends frameworks), capacity (i.e. access to means), and control (i.e. perceived efficacy). Each of the beliefs can develop separately from others and at different pace. In other words, this work explains why novice and expert entrepreneurs behave differently.

How to Measure and Control Corruption

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Satarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Knowledge ◽  
External Control ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Business Corruption ◽  
And Control

Two aspects of the problem of corruption are discussed in the article. The first one concerns the evaluation of the level of corruption. The method of measuring the size of business corruption market is described. The specifics of its estimation as well as its relation with the main macroeconomic indexes are discussed. The second aspect regards the strategies of corruption reduction. The importance of establishing external control over the bureaucracy is noted. The failure of institutions transplantation as the main method of economic transformations is pointed out. The gaps in social knowledge are discussed, which decrease effectiveness of institutional borrowings.

Eliciting salient beliefs of engineers in Malaysia on migrating abroad

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Balu Ramoo ◽  
Chong Yee Lee ◽  
Cheng Ming Yu
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Salient Beliefs ◽  
Tpb Model ◽  
And Control

Despite various government efforts incorporating economic, social and political considerations in curbing emigration problem, brain drain remains an issue in Malaysia. This paper examines the determinants of migration from behavioural perspectives. Using Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model, the engineers’ salient beliefs on migrating abroad were elicited using qualitative analysis. A number of new behavioural, normative and control beliefs were identified. The elicitation of the engineers’ salient beliefs is essential in developing appropriate behavioural intervention programmes to reduce their intention to migrate abroad. The methodology developed in this study can also assist future researchers to identify the salient beliefs of people who have high intention to migrate abroad.

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