Mindful of Personality Trait Change: Are Treatment Effects on Personality Trait Change Ephemeral and Attributable to Changes in States?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Stieger ◽  
Mathias Allemand ◽  
Brent Roberts ◽  
Jordan Davis
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
Conceptual Distinction ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Changes Over Time

Objective: Are treatment effects on personality trait change ephemeral and attributable to change in clinical states? Data of an intervention study was used to examine if change in clinical states (e.g., stress or depression) accounts for change in personality traits and to test whether both changes in traits and clinical states were independently associated with substance use. Method: Seventy-nine substance use patients (Mage = 25.3, SD = 2.7; 35 % female) took part at a 4-week intervention and completed a total of 15 bi-monthly assessments across 28 weeks to measure change in traits and states during and after treatment. Results: The results suggest that participants showed large trait and state changes over time, which happened rapidly with the majority occurring during the first four weeks. Trait and state changes were highly correlated, but not perfectly redundant. Significant variance in personality trait change remained after controlling for change in clinical states. Moreover, both trait and state change independently predicted substance use. Conclusion: Personality trait change occurred relatively fast and was maintained until the last follow-up assessment six months after the end of the intervention. Also, the findings point to the notion that the conceptual distinction between traits and states may not be as important as originally thought.

Follow-up treatment effects of contingency management and motivational interviewing on substance use: A meta-analysis.

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin S. Sayegh ◽  
Stanley J. Huey ◽  
Erica J. Zara ◽  
Kinnari Jhaveri
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Contingency Management

scholarly journals Developing an Adaptive Mobile Intervention to Address Risky Substance Use Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Usability Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara N Coughlin ◽  
Inbal Nahum-Shani ◽  
Meredith L Philyaw-Kotov ◽  
Erin E Bonar ◽  
Mashfiqui Rabbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND Substance use among adolescents and emerging adults continues to be an important public health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. Mobile health (mHealth) provides a promising approach to deliver just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to prevent escalation of use and substance use–related consequences. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aims to describe the iterative development and initial feasibility and acceptability testing of an mHealth smartphone app, called MiSARA, designed to reduce escalation in substance use. METHODS We used social media advertisements to recruit youth (n=39; aged 16-24 years, who screened positive for past-month binge drinking or recreational cannabis use) with a waiver of parental consent. Participants used the MiSARA app for 30 days, with feasibility and acceptability data reported at a 1-month follow-up. We present descriptive data regarding behavior changes over time. RESULTS The results show that most participants (31/39, 79%) somewhat liked the app at least, with most (29/39, 74%) rating MiSARA as 3 or more stars (out of 5). Almost all participants were comfortable with self-reporting sensitive information within the app (36/39, 92%); however, most participants also desired more interactivity (27/39, 69%). In addition, participants’ substance use declined over time, and those reporting using the app more often reported less substance use at the 1-month follow-up than those who reported using the app less often. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the MiSARA app is a promising platform for JITAI delivery, with future trials needed to optimize the timing and dose of messages and determine efficacy.

scholarly journals Developing an Adaptive Mobile Intervention to Address Risky Substance Use Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Usability Study

10.2196/24424 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e24424
Author(s):  
Lara N Coughlin ◽  
Inbal Nahum-Shani ◽  
Meredith L Philyaw-Kotov ◽  
Erin E Bonar ◽  
Mashfiqui Rabbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Background Substance use among adolescents and emerging adults continues to be an important public health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. Mobile health (mHealth) provides a promising approach to deliver just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to prevent escalation of use and substance use–related consequences. Objective This pilot study aims to describe the iterative development and initial feasibility and acceptability testing of an mHealth smartphone app, called MiSARA, designed to reduce escalation in substance use. Methods We used social media advertisements to recruit youth (n=39; aged 16-24 years, who screened positive for past-month binge drinking or recreational cannabis use) with a waiver of parental consent. Participants used the MiSARA app for 30 days, with feasibility and acceptability data reported at a 1-month follow-up. We present descriptive data regarding behavior changes over time. Results The results show that most participants (31/39, 79%) somewhat liked the app at least, with most (29/39, 74%) rating MiSARA as 3 or more stars (out of 5). Almost all participants were comfortable with self-reporting sensitive information within the app (36/39, 92%); however, most participants also desired more interactivity (27/39, 69%). In addition, participants’ substance use declined over time, and those reporting using the app more often reported less substance use at the 1-month follow-up than those who reported using the app less often. Conclusions The findings suggest that the MiSARA app is a promising platform for JITAI delivery, with future trials needed to optimize the timing and dose of messages and determine efficacy.

Substance use and withdrawal: Neuropsychological functioning over 8 years in youth

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN F. TAPERT ◽  
ERIC GRANHOLM ◽  
NATHAN G. LEEDY ◽  
SANDRA A. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Learning Retention ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Attentional Difficulties ◽  
Substance Involvement

This study prospectively examined neuropsychological (NP) functioning associated with adolescent substance use and withdrawal. Participants were youths with histories of substance use disorders (n = 47) and demographically comparable youths with no such lifetime histories (n = 26). They were followed with NP testing and substance involvement interviews at 7 time points spanning 8 years, from ages 16 to 24, on average. After controlling for recent use, age, education, practice effects, and baseline NP functioning, substance use over the 8-year follow-up period significantly predicted performances on tests of memory and attention at Year 8. Additionally, withdrawal symptoms during the follow-up predicted visuospatial and attention scores at Year 8. Findings suggest that use and withdrawal may differentially impact neurocognitive functioning during youth, with heavy use leading to learning, retention, and attentional difficulties, and withdrawal leading to problems with visuospatial functioning. (JINS, 2002, 8, 873–883.)

Improvement in psychological wellbeing among adolescents with a substance use disorder attending an outpatient treatment programme

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
N.M. Gamage ◽  
C. Darker ◽  
B.P. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs) exhibit high rates of comorbid psychological problems. This study aimed to examine the impact of an outpatient substance use treatment programme upon the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. Methods: A prospective study was carried out examining psychological symptoms in a group of adolescents attending the Youth Drug and Alcohol (YoDA) Addiction Service in Dublin. Participants were treated with evidenced based psychological models such as cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational interviewing and systemic family therapy. The Becks Youth Inventory was utilised to assess psychological symptoms at treatment entry and repeated three months later at follow up. Results: Among 36 adolescents who were included in this study, poly-substance misuse was the norm. Almost three-quarter had a cannabis use disorder (CUD). There were significant reductions in mean subscale scores of depression (56.0 to 50.8, p = 0.003), anger (55.2 to 49.5, p < 0.001) and disruptive behaviour (61.6 to 56.5, p = 0.002) at follow up. Although there wasn’t a statistically significant reduction in mean scores for anxiety, we observed a significant proportion of participants (p = 0.008) improving and moving out of a moderate to severe symptom range when examined by category. This was also the case for self-concept (p = 0.04). Furthermore this study revealed a positive correlation between the reduction in days of cannabis use and reduction in depressive scores (Pearson correlation 0.49, p = 0.01) among those with a CUD. Conclusion: The findings indicate that substance use treatment for adolescents is associated with important psychological and behavioural improvements.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Event-Level Sexual Risk and Substance Use among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3183
Author(s):  
Jordan M. Sang ◽  
Zishan Cui ◽  
Paul Sereda ◽  
Heather L. Armstrong ◽  
Gbolahan Olarewaju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Condomless Anal Sex ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

(1) Background: Condomless anal sex and substance use are associated with STI risk among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). Our first study objective was to describe event-level sexual risk and substance use trends among gbMSM. Our second study objective was to describe substances associated with event-level sexual risk. (2) Methods: Data come from the Momentum Health Study in Vancouver, British Columbia and participants were recruited from 2012–2015, with follow-up until 2018. Stratified by self-reported HIV status, we used generalized estimating equations to assess trends of sexual event-level substance use and assessed interactions between substance use and time period on event-level higher risk sex defined as condomless anal sex with an HIV serodifferent or unknown status partner. (3) Results: Event-level higher risk anal sex increased across the study period among HIV-negative/unknown (baseline prevalence: 13% vs. study end prevalence: 29%) and HIV-positive gbMSM (baseline prevalence: 16% vs. study end prevalence: 38%). Among HIV-negative/unknown gbMSM, event-level erectile drug use increased, while alcohol use decreased over the study period. Overall, interactions between substance use and time on higher risk anal sex were not statistically significant, regardless of serostatus. However, we found a number of time-specific significant interactions for erectile drugs, poppers, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), crystal methamphetamine and ecstasy/MDMA use among HIV-negative/unknown gbMSM. (4) Conclusion: Significant differences in substance use trends and associated risks exist and are varied among gbMSM by serostatus. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of event-level substance use on sexual risk through longitudinal follow-up of nearly six years.

Contingency management for smoking cessation among individuals with substance use disorders: In-treatment and post-treatment effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 106920
Author(s):  
G. Aonso-Diego ◽  
A. González-Roz ◽  
A. Krotter ◽  
A. García-Pérez ◽  
R. Secades-Villa
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Post Treatment

Treatment retention and abstinence of patients with substance use disorders according to addiction severity and psychiatry comorbidity: A six-month follow-up study in an outpatient unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 106832
Author(s):  
Constanza Daigre ◽  
Laia Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Roncero ◽  
Raul Felipe Palma-Álvarez ◽  
Marta Perea-Ortueta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Treatment Retention ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Outpatient Unit

scholarly journals Potential impact on estimated treatment effects of information lost to follow-up in randomised controlled trials (LOST-IT): systematic review

BMJ ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 344 (may18 1) ◽  
pp. e2809-e2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Akl ◽  
M. Briel ◽  
J. J. You ◽  
X. Sun ◽  
B. C. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Lost To Follow Up
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