scholarly journals Developing an Adaptive Mobile Intervention to Address Risky Substance Use Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Usability Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara N Coughlin ◽  
Inbal Nahum-Shani ◽  
Meredith L Philyaw-Kotov ◽  
Erin E Bonar ◽  
Mashfiqui Rabbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND Substance use among adolescents and emerging adults continues to be an important public health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. Mobile health (mHealth) provides a promising approach to deliver just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to prevent escalation of use and substance use–related consequences. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aims to describe the iterative development and initial feasibility and acceptability testing of an mHealth smartphone app, called MiSARA, designed to reduce escalation in substance use. METHODS We used social media advertisements to recruit youth (n=39; aged 16-24 years, who screened positive for past-month binge drinking or recreational cannabis use) with a waiver of parental consent. Participants used the MiSARA app for 30 days, with feasibility and acceptability data reported at a 1-month follow-up. We present descriptive data regarding behavior changes over time. RESULTS The results show that most participants (31/39, 79%) somewhat liked the app at least, with most (29/39, 74%) rating MiSARA as 3 or more stars (out of 5). Almost all participants were comfortable with self-reporting sensitive information within the app (36/39, 92%); however, most participants also desired more interactivity (27/39, 69%). In addition, participants’ substance use declined over time, and those reporting using the app more often reported less substance use at the 1-month follow-up than those who reported using the app less often. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the MiSARA app is a promising platform for JITAI delivery, with future trials needed to optimize the timing and dose of messages and determine efficacy.

scholarly journals Developing an Adaptive Mobile Intervention to Address Risky Substance Use Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Usability Study

10.2196/24424 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e24424
Author(s):  
Lara N Coughlin ◽  
Inbal Nahum-Shani ◽  
Meredith L Philyaw-Kotov ◽  
Erin E Bonar ◽  
Mashfiqui Rabbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Background Substance use among adolescents and emerging adults continues to be an important public health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. Mobile health (mHealth) provides a promising approach to deliver just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to prevent escalation of use and substance use–related consequences. Objective This pilot study aims to describe the iterative development and initial feasibility and acceptability testing of an mHealth smartphone app, called MiSARA, designed to reduce escalation in substance use. Methods We used social media advertisements to recruit youth (n=39; aged 16-24 years, who screened positive for past-month binge drinking or recreational cannabis use) with a waiver of parental consent. Participants used the MiSARA app for 30 days, with feasibility and acceptability data reported at a 1-month follow-up. We present descriptive data regarding behavior changes over time. Results The results show that most participants (31/39, 79%) somewhat liked the app at least, with most (29/39, 74%) rating MiSARA as 3 or more stars (out of 5). Almost all participants were comfortable with self-reporting sensitive information within the app (36/39, 92%); however, most participants also desired more interactivity (27/39, 69%). In addition, participants’ substance use declined over time, and those reporting using the app more often reported less substance use at the 1-month follow-up than those who reported using the app less often. Conclusions The findings suggest that the MiSARA app is a promising platform for JITAI delivery, with future trials needed to optimize the timing and dose of messages and determine efficacy.

scholarly journals The natural course of DSM-IV somatoform disorders and syndromes among adolescents and young adults: a prospective-longitudinal community study

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselind Lieb ◽  
Petra Zimmermann ◽  
Robert H Friis ◽  
Michael Höfler ◽  
Sven Tholen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

SummaryObjective.Although somatoform disorders are assumed to be chronic clinical conditions, epidemiological knowledge on their natural course based on representative samples is not available.Method.Data come from a prospective epidemiologic study of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany. Respondents’ diagnoses (N = 2548) at baseline and follow-up on average 42 months later are considered. The follow-up incidence, stability as well as selected baseline risk factors (sociodemographics, psychopathology, trauma exposure) for the incidence and stability of somatoform disorders and syndromes are prospectively examined. Diagnostic information was assessed by using the standardized Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results.Over the follow-up period, incidence rate for any of the covered somatoform diagnoses was 25.7%. Stability for the overall group of any somatoform disorder/syndrome was 48%. Female gender, lower social class, the experience of any substance use, anxiety and affective disorder as well as the experience of traumatic sexual and physical threat events predicted new onsets of somatoform conditions, while stability was predicted by being female, prior existing substance use, affective and eating disorders as well as the experience of a serious accident.Conclusions.At least for a substantial proportion of individuals, the overall picture of somatization seems to be relatively stable, but with fluctuation in the symptom picture over time. Being female, the experience of substance use as well as anxiety disorder seem to constitute risk factors for the onset of new somatoform conditions as well as for a stable course over time.

Mindful of Personality Trait Change: Are Treatment Effects on Personality Trait Change Ephemeral and Attributable to Changes in States?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Stieger ◽  
Mathias Allemand ◽  
Brent Roberts ◽  
Jordan Davis
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
Conceptual Distinction ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Changes Over Time

Objective: Are treatment effects on personality trait change ephemeral and attributable to change in clinical states? Data of an intervention study was used to examine if change in clinical states (e.g., stress or depression) accounts for change in personality traits and to test whether both changes in traits and clinical states were independently associated with substance use. Method: Seventy-nine substance use patients (Mage = 25.3, SD = 2.7; 35 % female) took part at a 4-week intervention and completed a total of 15 bi-monthly assessments across 28 weeks to measure change in traits and states during and after treatment. Results: The results suggest that participants showed large trait and state changes over time, which happened rapidly with the majority occurring during the first four weeks. Trait and state changes were highly correlated, but not perfectly redundant. Significant variance in personality trait change remained after controlling for change in clinical states. Moreover, both trait and state change independently predicted substance use. Conclusion: Personality trait change occurred relatively fast and was maintained until the last follow-up assessment six months after the end of the intervention. Also, the findings point to the notion that the conceptual distinction between traits and states may not be as important as originally thought.

scholarly journals Stress-related inflammation and social withdrawal in mothers after childhood cancer diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K Lindsay ◽  
Tristen K. Inagaki ◽  
Catherine Walsh ◽  
Berhane Messay ◽  
Linda Ewing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Objective: Acute inflammation-induced sickness behavior involves changes in social behavior that are believed to promote recovery. Whether chronic inflammation can influence social behaviors in ways that promote recovery is unknown. In a sample of mothers of a child with cancer, this report explores the relationship between inflammation that accompanies the stress of diagnosis and changes in social network, cancer-related stress, and inflammation across one year. Three hypotheses were tested, that (1) initial stress would associate with initial inflammation, (2) initial inflammation would predict social changes over time, and (3) social changes over time would buffer stress and inflammation over time. Methods: Cancer-related stress (Impact of Events Scale), social network (social roles and contacts from the Social Network Inventory), and systemic inflammation (circulating IL-6) were assessed in 120 mothers three times after their child’s cancer diagnosis: following diagnosis (T1), 6-month follow-up (T2), and 12-month follow-up (T3). Results: Consistent with predictions, greater cancer-related stress following diagnosis (T1) was associated with higher IL-6 following diagnosis (T1; b=.014, p=.008). In turn, higher IL-6 following diagnosis (T1) was associated with a decrease in social roles over time (T1-->T3; B=-.030, p=.041), particularly peripheral social roles. Finally, dropping social roles over time (T1-->T3) was associated with decreases in cancer-related stress (B=21.83, p=.040) and slower increases in IL-6 (B=.940, p=.036) over time.Conclusions: This study provides a first indication that chronic stress-related systemic inflammation may predict changes in social behavior that associate with stress recovery and slower increases in inflammation in the year following a major life stressor.

Natural History Wet Collections: Observations on PH Readings from the Use of Different Ethanol and Label Types

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Ximo Mengual ◽  
France Gimnich ◽  
Hannah Petersen ◽  
Jonas J. Astrin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Fluid Preservation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We examined the effects of different types of specimen labels and tags on pH of different concentrations of ethanol typically used for fluid preservation in natural history collections. Labels were immersed in three different concentrations of ethanol, 96% pure undenatured ethanol (EtOH), 96% EtOH denatured with methyl-ethyl ketone (MEK), and 99.8% pure undenatured EtOH, with or without the presence of insect specimens, and the solutions were evaluated after 26 months for changes over time in pH reading. In general, pH readings of all label trials with 96% and 99.8% ethanol increased over time, except for trials of denatured alcohol, which demonstrated lower pH readings in almost all treatments, regardless of label type. Samples that contained labels with ordinary, nonstandardized, not explicitly acid-free printing paper had higher pH readings compared after the trial. Our observations are a good starting point for further experiments to answer research questions related to chemical interactions with labels in ethanol-preserved specimens, including tissue samples for molecular analyses, which can guide collection staff in their daily work.

E-Ophthalmology in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Chronic Glaucoma

2013 ◽  
pp. 88-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Andonegui ◽  
Aitor Eguzkiza ◽  
Mikel Auzmendi ◽  
Luis Serrano ◽  
Ane Zurutuza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Chronic Glaucoma

e-Ophthalmology is the use of information and telecommunications technologies to provide or support a group of activities related to ophthalmic care. Chronic glaucoma is an ocular disease characterized by optic neuropathy that leads to progressive loss of the visual fields and often is associated with elevated intraocular pressure levels. Glaucoma is an important public health problem because it is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide and generates an important demand for ophthalmologic consultations. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the application e-Ophthalmology-based models in the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic glaucoma. The authors describe the current status of the use of e-Ophthalmology-based models in the screening and follow-up of chronic glaucoma, the main advantages of these models, the technologic requirements for their implementation, and future trends in this field.

Where Are They Now?

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-91
Author(s):  
Melinda Lundquist Denton ◽  
Richard Flory
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Religious Lives ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Building on the foundation laid in Chapter 2, this chapter focuses specifically on the religious lives of emerging adults. Survey responses from multiple waves of data collection are used to show changes over time. The chapter focuses on change and continuity in the religious lives of emerging adults, while also showing how different religious traditions have fared in terms of influencing the lives of emerging adults. Taken together, the survey data show an overarching story of decline; yet under the surface there is movement both toward and away from religion.

scholarly journals Evolution of impulsive–compulsive behaviors and cognition in Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Aleksander H. Erga ◽  
Guido Alves ◽  
Ole Bjørn Tysnes ◽  
Kenn Freddy Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The longitudinal course of ICBs in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) relative to controls has not been explored as of yet. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency, evolution and associated cognitive and clinical features of impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs) over 4 years of prospective follow-up in a population-based cohort with early Parkinson’s disease (PD). We recruited 124 cognitively intact participants with early PD and 156 matched controls from the Norwegian ParkWest study. ICBs were assessed using the self-report short form version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive–Compulsive Disorders in PD. Cognitive changes were examined in PwP with and without ICBs who completed the 4-year follow-up. Generalized linear mixed modelling and mixed linear regression were used to analyze clinical factors and cognitive changes associated with ICBs in PwP over time. ICBs were more common in PwP than controls at all visits, with an age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) varying between 2.5 (95% CI 1.1–5.6; p = 0.022) and 5.1 (95% CI 2.4–11.0; p < 0.001). The 4-year cumulative frequency of ICBs in PwP was 46.8% and 23.3% developed incident ICBs during the study period, but the presence of ICBs was non-persistent in nearly 30%. ICBs were independently associated with younger age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99: p = 0.008) and use of dopamine agonist (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.56–10.69). Cognitive changes over time did not differ between patients with and without ICBs. In conclusion, ICBs are common in PwP, but are often non-persistent and not associated with greater cognitive impairment over time.

scholarly journals Sífilis: Prevalência num Hospital de Lisboa

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Lopes ◽  
Rita Ferro-Rodrigues ◽  
Samuel Llobet ◽  
Luís Lito ◽  
João Borges-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Syphilis ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Latent Syphilis

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Syphilis is a sexual and vertical transmitted disease. Its incidence is increasing in Europe, particularly, in Portugal.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A descriptive, retrospective study was performed based on positive treponemal tests from January to December 2013, at the Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon. In-patients and out-patients evaluated in medical appointments and at the emergency department were included. We proceeded to epidemiological characterization, disease classification and definition of risk factors.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> We obtained a sample of 580 patients, of whom 51 with no clinical data and 45 with false positive serologies were excluded. There was a predominance of male patients (75%) and a mean age of 47 years. Most (59%) had syphilis successfully treated in the past and 3.7% were in follow-up. We recorded 13 primaries syphilis, 71 cases of secondary syphilis, 40 cases of early latent syphilis, 49 unknown duration syphilis and five cases of late latent syphilis. In the early syphilis group, 42% (n = 124) were HIV-positive and, in 8% both diagnosis were done simultaneously.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> We emphasize the high prevalence of syphilis/HIV co-infection in patients with early syphilis, reinforcing the importance of promoting the use of preventive measures. We obtained 11% of patients with late clinical forms, which are notifiable since June 2014, in Portugal. All serological tests for the diagnosis of syphilis have limitations which emphasizes the importance of clinical-laboratory correlation.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Syphilis remains an important public health problem. It is necessary to establish education programs, screening and follow-up strategies to reduce their prevalence and to perform more efficient screening of the partners.</p>

Changes in Voice- and Swallowing-Related Symptoms After Thyroidectomy: One-Year Follow-Up Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Min Park ◽  
Kyung Ho Oh ◽  
Jae-Gu Cho ◽  
Seung-Kuk Baek ◽  
Soon-Young Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Objective: We analyzed the changes in voice- and swallowing-related symptoms that occurred over time in patients who underwent thyroidectomy and identified any associated risk factors. Methods: One hundred and three patients who underwent thyroidectomy were enrolled. Results: The mean thyroidectomy voice-related questionnaire (TVQ) score before surgery was 12.41 ± 12.19; it significantly increased to 28.24 ± 18.01 ( P < .001) 1 month postoperatively, decreased to 24.02 ± 17.30 ( P = .014) and 20.66 ± 15.29 ( P = .023) 3 and 6 months postoperatively, respectively. It was continuously decreased to 18.83 ± 14.63 twelve months postoperatively. The temporal changes in TVQ scores between patients who underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy were significantly different. There was a statistically significant difference in the temporal changes in TVQ according to whether neck dissection was performed. The temporal changes in TVQ in patients with and without extrathyroidal extension were significantly different. Conclusions: Voice- and swallowing-related discomfort in patients who received thyroidectomy showed dynamic changes over time. There was a significant difference in the degree of change according to clinicopathological factors. Patients with these risk factors may benefit from appropriate patient education and various rehabilitation programs for symptom relief.

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