scholarly journals An fMRI investigation of the relations between Extraversion, internalizing psychopathology, and neural activation following reward receipt in the Human Connectome Project sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland S. Hyatt ◽  
Emily S. Hallowell ◽  
Max M. Owens ◽  
Brandon M. Weiss ◽  
Lawrence H. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Quantitative models of psychopathology (i.e., HiTOP) propose that personality and psychopathology are intertwined, such that the various processes that characterize personality traits may be useful in describing and predicting manifestations of psychopathology. In the current study, we used data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1050) to investigate neural activation following receipt of a reward during an fMRI task as one shared mechanism that may be related to the personality trait Extraversion (specifically its sub-component Agentic Extraversion) and internalizing psychopathology. We also conducted exploratory analyses on the links between neural activation following reward receipt and the other Five-Factor Model personality traits, as well as separate analyses by gender. No significant relations (p < .005) were observed between any personality trait or index of psychopathology and neural activation following reward receipt, and most effect sizes were null to very small in nature (i.e., r < |.05|). We conclude by discussing the appropriate interpretation of these null findings, and provide suggestions for future research that spans psychological and neurobiological levels of analysis.

scholarly journals Educational Attainment and Personality Are Genetically Intertwined

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1631-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Mõttus ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Uku Vainik ◽  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Tõnu Esko
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Heritable variance in psychological traits may reflect genetic and biological processes that are not necessarily specific to these particular traits but pertain to a broader range of phenotypes. We tested the possibility that the personality domains of the five-factor model and their 30 facets, as rated by people themselves and their knowledgeable informants, reflect polygenic influences that have been previously associated with educational attainment. In a sample of more than 3,000 adult Estonians, education polygenic scores (EPSs), which are interpretable as estimates of molecular-genetic propensity for education, were correlated with various personality traits, particularly from the neuroticism and openness domains. The correlations of personality traits with phenotypic educational attainment closely mirrored their correlations with EPS. Moreover, EPS predicted an aggregate personality trait tailored to capture the maximum amount of variance in educational attainment almost as strongly as it predicted the attainment itself. We discuss possible interpretations and implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Do voices carry valid information about a speaker's personality?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Stern ◽  
Christoph Schild ◽  
Benedict C Jones ◽  
Lisa Marie DeBruine ◽  
Amanda Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Valid Information

Research on links between peoples’ personality traits and their voices has primarily focused on other peoples’ personality judgments about a target person based on a target person’s vocal characteristics, particularly voice pitch. However, it remains unclear whether individual differences in voices are linked to actual individual differences in personality traits, and thus whether vocal characteristics are indeed valid cues to personality. Here, we investigate how the personality traits of the Five Factor Model of Personality, sociosexuality, and dominance are related to measured fundamental frequency (voice pitch) and formant frequencies (formant position). For this purpose, we conducted a secondary data analysis of a large sample (2,217 participants) from eleven different, independent datasets with a Bayesian approach. Results suggest substantial negative relationships between voice pitch and self-reported sociosexuality, dominance and extraversion in men and women. Thus, personality might at least partly be expressed in people’s voice pitch. Evidence for an association between formant frequencies and self-reported personality traits is not compelling but remains uncertain. We discuss potential underlying biological mechanisms of our effects and suggest a number of implications for future research.

scholarly journals Laboratory aggression and personality traits: A meta-analytic review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland Hyatt ◽  
Amos Zeichner ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Analytic Review

Among operationalizations of aggression, laboratory paradigms are unique in that they permit precise measurement of aggression while controlling for many possible confounds (e.g., levels of provocation). In the current undertaking, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relations between laboratory aggression and trait-based personality constructs thought to be among the most robust and consistent predictors of lab aggression, including traits from the predominant model of general personality (Big Five/Five Factor Model [FFM]), as well as personality disorder constructs including psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism. Our search yielded 54 usable studies containing 123 effect sizes. Random-effects models suggest that psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and low FFM Agreeableness are significant predictors of laboratory aggression with small to moderate effect sizes. Impulsivity and FFM Openness also showed significant relations, though they were smaller in magnitude. Thus, traits related to aggression outside of the laboratory also appear to be related to aggression in the laboratory. Suggestions are made for future research in this area, including an emphasis on causal mechanisms and methodological rigor.

The Five Factor Model of Personality in Business and Industry

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Siebert ◽  
David S. DeGeest
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Unrealistic Expectations

Personality traits have played a central role in industrial/organizational psychology, human resource management, and organizational behavior, the key fields in the application of psychology to business and industry. In the early years, excessive optimism led scholars to unrealistic expectations about the value of personality traits at work. This was followed by a period of profound pessimism regarding the value of personality as an explanatory variable when the unrealistic expectations were inevitably disappointed. More recently, advances in theory and methodology have led scholars to re-examine the role of personality with more realistic expectations. The Five Factor Model (FFM) has predominated as an integrative personality structure for conceptualizing and researching the relationship of personality to workplace outcomes. Five specific domains of research are considered herein: personnel selection; employee motivation, attitudes, and behavior; leadership; teams; and entrepreneurship. The chapter ends with open questions for future research in this domain.

scholarly journals Extreme Personalities at Work and in Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T. Carter ◽  
Joshua D. Miller ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Major Implication ◽  
Desirable Trait

Contemporary personality taxonomies cast personality traits as ranging from the maladaptive (e.g., low conscientiousness) to adaptive (e.g., high conscientiousness) levels. Despite philosophical and conventional wisdom dating back to the ancients, researchers have only recently begun to uncover evidence that extreme standing on “normal” or “desirable” personality traits might be maladaptive. Here, we present an emerging perspective on why and how extreme standing on “desirable” trait continua translates into maladaptive behavior and undesirable outcomes at work and in life. An overview of the literature on the topic is presented for each trait within the five-factor model. We suggest two reasons for the lack of clarity in the empirical literature: (a) problems with statistical tests resulting from measurement error and (b) lack of breadth in the conceptualization and measurement of personality traits. We suggest that a solution to this problem is to extend trait continua to reflect maladaptive levels at both ends. We close by pointing out that a major implication of this emerging perspective indicates that many more people possess optimal personality-trait levels than previously thought and that future research needs to examine whether the question is consistent with evolutionary and neurophysiological accounts of personality science.

The five factor model of personality and sense of coherence: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 135910531988459
Author(s):  
Urszula Barańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Moderating Effects

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between the big five personality traits and sense of coherence. Data for the meta-analysis were collected from 19 studies which included 24 independent samples, 133 effect sizes, and 19,960 participants. Lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with total sense of coherence as well as comprehensibility, manageability, meaningfulness, and reflection dimensions. Personality traits were not linked to balance. There were no moderating effects on these relationships. The study extends current knowledge on the associations between personality traits and sense of coherence.

Exploring the role of personality traits in followee recommendation

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonela Tommasel ◽  
Alejandro Corbellini ◽  
Daniela Godoy ◽  
Silvia Schiaffino
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Followee recommendation is a problem rapidly gaining importance in Twitter as well as in other micro-blogging communities. To find interesting users to follow, most recommendation systems leverage different factors such as graph topology or user-generated content, among others. Those systems mostly disregard, however, the effect of psychological characteristics, such as personality, over the followee selection process. As personality is considered one of the primary factors that influence human behaviour, the purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the impact of personality traits on followee selection. Design/methodology/approach – The authors performed a data analysis comparing the similarity among Twitter users and their followees regarding personality traits. The authors analysed three different similarity measures. First, the authors computed an overall similarity considering the five personality traits or dimensions of the Five-Factor model as a whole. Second, the authors computed the dimension-to-dimension similarity considering each individual personality trait independently of each other. Third, the authors computed a cross-dimension similarity considering each personality dimension in relation to the others. Findings – This study showed that personality should be considered as a distinctive factor in the process of followee selection. However, personality dimensions should not be analysed as a whole as the overall personality similarity might not accurately assess the actual matching between individuals. Instead, the performed data analysis showed the existence of relations among the individual dimensions. Thus, the importance of considering each personality trait with respect to others is stated. Originality/value – This study is among the firsts to study the impact of personality, one of the primary factors that influence human behaviour and social relationships, in the selection of followees in micro-blogging communities.

scholarly journals The hierarchical structure of error-related negativities elicited from affective and social stimuli and their relations to personality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
K. D. Novak ◽  
B. Ait Oumeziane ◽  
D. Foti ◽  
D. B. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses

Abstract Psychophysiological measures have become increasingly accessible to researchers and many have properties that indicate their use as individual difference indicators. For example, the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential (ERP) thought to reflect error-monitoring processes, has been related to individual differences, such as Neuroticism and Conscientiousness traits. Although various tasks have been used to elicit the ERN, only a few studies have investigated its variability across tasks when examining the relations between the ERN and personality traits. In this project, we examined the relations of the ERN elicited from four variants of the Flanker task (Arrow, Social, Unpleasant, and Pleasant) that were created to maximize the differences in their relevance to personality traits. A sample of 93 participants with a history of treatment for psychopathology completed the four tasks as well as self-report measures of the general and maladaptive five-factor model (FFM) traits. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of ERN amplitudes indicated that three of the four tasks (Arrow, Social, and Unpleasant) were unidimensional. Another set of CFAs indicated that a general factor underlies the ERN elicited from all tasks as well as unique task-specific variances. The correlations of estimated latent ERN scores and personality traits did not reflect the hypothesized correlation patterns. Variability across tasks and the hierarchical model of the ERN may aid in understanding psychopathology dimensions and in informing future endeavors integrating the psychophysiological methods into the study of personality. Recommendations for future research on psychophysiological indicators as individual differences are discussed.

scholarly journals Two of a kind or distant relatives? A multimethod investigation of the overlap between personality traits and character strengths

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willibald Ruch ◽  
Valentina Vylobkova ◽  
Sonja Heintz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised ◽  
Personality Facets

Allport’s (1927) distinction of personality devaluated (personality) and personality evaluated (character) can still be found in today’s psychological landscape. The present study compares the Five-Factor Model of personality and the VIA-classification of character strengths across two methods (self- and peer-reports) and across two levels of abstraction (domains/factors and scales/facets). A sample of 152 participants and 152 peer-raters completed the NEO-Personality Inventory Revised and the VIA Inventory of Strength. Personality and character were found to strongly overlap, yet the different operationalizations were rarely redundant (except for 3 personality facets). Multitrait-multimethod analyses mostly supported the convergent and discriminant validity of personality and character. Interpersonal strengths (e.g., teamwork) and abstract character factors lacked discriminant validity to personality facets. The present investigation contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between personality and character and provides an impetus for future research on the “virtue gap” between devaluated and evaluated personality traits.

scholarly journals La Personalidad como predictora de dificultades cotidianas en la adolescencia

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Susana Molina Martín ◽  
Mercedes Inda Caro ◽  
Carmen María Fernández García
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Poor Body Image

RESUMEN Los objetivos de este trabajo han sido: estudiar la adecuación de los datos al modelo de cinco factores e identificar rasgos de personalidad en adolescentes que manifiestan tener diversas problemáticas. Para ello se utilizaron dos instrumentos de evaluación, el Cuestionario de Personalidad para Adolescentes (16PF-APQ) y el Cuestionario Autoaplicado de Síntomas (CAS), que se administraron a ciento ocho estudiantes de último curso de educación obligatoria. Los resultados señalan que la muestra se adecua al modelo de cinco factores y que hay rasgos de personalidad que parecen explicar mejor o predecir la presencia de ciertas problemáticas en la adolescencia. ABSTRACT The aim of this research is twofold. Firstly, it studies the adjustment of the data with the five-factor model. Secondly, it intends to describe and identify personality traits in adolescents who have manifested different problems in their daily life. For this purpose, two evaluation instruments were used: the Adolescent Personality Questionnaire (16PF-APQ) and the Adolescents Self-report of Symptoms (C.A.S.). This last one is based on Rogers, Bagby and Dickens’ instrument, Structured Interview Re- ported Symptoms (1990, 1991, 1992). These tests were administered to a sample of a hundred and eight students who were in their last year of compulsory secondary education. The results of the study suggest that the sample fits with the five factor model and that there are some personality traits that seem to explain the existence of life’s difficulties (questions concerning matters of anger or aggression, discouragement, worry, poor body image, alcohol or drugs, overall trouble, familiar context, scholar context and strategies coping). All the already mentioned results allow us to formulate certain indications or suggestions which would need to be taken into account in future research.

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