scholarly journals Testing hypotheses about the harm that capitalism causes to the mind and brain: a theoretical framework for neuroscience research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Kokorikou ◽  
Ioannis Sarigiannides ◽  
Vincenzo G. Fiore ◽  
Beth Parkin ◽  
Alexandra Kathryn Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Neoliberal Capitalism ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Mind

This article reviews and discusses the part of neuroscience relevant to mental health within the contemporary capitalist context, and suggests ways in which the effects of this context on the nervous system can be reconceptualised and researched in the future. Firstly, the principal components of neoliberal capitalism are presented together with how it has historically influenced neuroscience. We then argue in favour of a neurodiversity perspective, as opposed to the dominant model of conceptualising neural (mal-)functioning, brain plasticity and potential for change and adaptation. We review the available empirical research indicating that the socio-economic environment is harmful to minds and brains. Lastly, we set out a theoretical framework that can generate neuroscientific hypotheses with regards to the effects of the capitalist context on brains and minds, as well as a frame for post-capitalist research.

An Exploratory Study of Prevalence and Predictors of Neuromyths Among Potential Mental Health Counselors

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Rin Kim ◽  
Carlos Zalaquett
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Mental Health Counselors ◽  
Helping Professions ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
The Mind

Current neuroscience research demonstrates that counseling changes the mind and the brain. Several clinical mental health counseling (CMHC) programs are infusing neuroscience information into their curriculum. Learning about potential students' knowledge and attitudes about neuroscience could help guide these efforts. This study investigated general neuroscience knowledge, attitudes toward neuroscience, presence of neuromyths, and intention to apply neuroscien-tific knowledge among undergraduate students in the helping professions. Participants included 125 undergraduates enrolled in rehabilitation counseling, psychology, or education programs. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis revealed the existence of neuromyths and high intention to apply correct and incorrect neuroscience knowledge. General knowledge was significantly associated with more neuromyths, but additional learning reduced neuromyths. Practical implications to improve the teaching of neuroscience to students in helping professions and to guide infusion of neuroscience in CMHC programs are discussed.

How Can the Medical Spirit be best kept up in Asylums for the Insane?

1886 ◽  
Vol 32 (139) ◽  
pp. 346-350
Author(s):  
S. A. K. Strahan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Time And Energy

The supposition is that an asylum for the insane is a place where those who are mentally ill are received and treated according to the latest improved tenets of scientific medicine, and are so helped by all known means towards mental health—a place where disorders of the mind and diseases of the nervous system are specially studied and treated by men who have given up their whole time and energy to this one special branch of our profession, and where every opportunity is seized

Mind and brain: Building bridges between neurology, psychiatry, and psychology

2020 ◽  
pp. 5778-5780
Author(s):  
Adam Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Mind

Medicine is traditionally regarded as concerning itself with disorders of the body while psychiatry concerns itself with disorders of the mind—and ‘never the twain shall meet’. But both everyday clinical experience and our growing understanding of the physical basis of mind challenge this view. Patients are always a compound of body and mind; discoveries relating to the mechanisms, phylogeny, ontogeny, and functions of the central nervous system are gradually traversing the mind-body and mind-brain divides. We should take a bio-psycho-social approach in every clinical encounter and seek theories that explain the emergence of mind from life much as life emerges from matter.

The flexible brain. On mind and brain, neural darwinism and psychiatry

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. den Boer
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
Social Psychiatry ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Mind

SummaryA theoretical introduction is given in which several theoretical viewpoints concerning the mind-brain problem are discussed. During the last decade philosophers like Searle, Dennett and the Churchlands have taken a more or less pure materialistic position in explaining mental phenomena.Investigators in biological psychiatry have hardly ever taken a clear position in this discussion, whereas we believe it is important that the conclusions drawn from biological research are embedded in a theoretical framework related to the mind-brain problem.In this article the thesis is defended that the theory of neural darwinism represents a major step forward and may bridge previous distinctions between biological, clinical and social psychiatry.

Adaptive and Maladaptive Neural Plasticity Due to Facial Nerve Palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten M. Klingner ◽  
Stefan Brodoehl ◽  
Gerd F. Volk ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
Otto W. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy

Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.

TEORIA DAS RELAÇÕES INTERPESSOAIS: REFLEXÕES ACERCA DA FUNÇÃO TERAPÊUTICA DO ENFERMEIRO EM SAÚDE MENTAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlon Washington Pinheiro ◽  
Michell Ângelo Marques Araújo ◽  
Karla Maria Carneiro Rolim ◽  
Camila Moreira De Oliveira ◽  
Alexsandro Batista De Alencar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Psychiatric Nursing ◽  
Nursing Theory ◽  
Therapeutic Function ◽  
Salud Mental

Objetivo: Refletir teoricamente sobre a importância da Teoria das Relações Interpessoais de Peplau, contextualizada com o processo de formação da identidade do enfermeiro como terapeuta em saúde mental e psiquiatria. Metodologia: A partir do estudo da obra sobre Relações Interpessoais em Enfermagem de Peplau e demais textos, a reflexão organizou-se em três eixos: a teoria das relações interpessoais, a relação terapêutica na teoria de Peplau e o subpapel de assessor/counseling. Resultados: Os três eixos foram detalhados, aliando as contribuições da literatura, com novas possibilidades de aplicação do arcabouço teórico. Conclusão: A Teoria das Relações Interpessoais com foco no conceito de counseling possibilita reflexões sobre a representação do enfermeiro como terapeuta e fortalece ações de enfermagem no contexto do cuidado em saúde mental.Descritores: Enfermagem; Enfermagem Psiquiátrica; Teoria de Enfermagem; Saúde Mental.THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS: REFLECTIONS ON THE THERAPEUTIC FUNCTION OF THE NURSE IN MENTAL HEALTHObjective: To reflect theoretically on the importance of Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations, contextualized with the process of formation of the nurse's identity as a therapist in mental health and psychiatry. Methodology: From the study of Peplau's work on Interpersonal Relations in Nursing and other texts, the reflection was organized in three axes: the theory of interpersonal relations, the therapeutic relationship in Peplau's theory and the counseling sub-role. Results: The three axes were detailed, combining the contributions of the literature, with new possibilities of application of the theoretical framework. Conclusion: The Theory of Interpersonal Relations focusing on the concept of counseling enables reflections on the representation of nurses as therapists and strengthens nursing actions in the context of mental health care.Descriptors: Nursing; Psychiatric Nursing; Nursing theory; Mental Health.TEORÍA DE LAS RELACIONES INTERPERSONALES: REFLEXIONES ACERCA DE LA FUNCIÓN TERAPÉUTICA DEL ENFERMERO EN SALUD MENTALObjetivo: Reflexionar teóricamente sobre la importancia de la Teoría de las Relaciones Interpersonales de Peplau, contextualizada con el proceso de formación de la identidad del enfermero como terapeuta en salud mental y psiquiatría. Metodología: A partir del estudio del trabajo de Peplau sobre las relaciones interpersonales en enfermería y otros textos, la reflexión se organizó en tres ejes: la teoría de las relaciones interpersonales, la relación terapéutica en la teoría de Peplau y el sub-rol de asesor/consejero. Resultados: Los tres ejes fueron detallados, combinando las contribuciones de la literatura, con nuevas posibilidades de aplicación del marco teórico. Conclusión: La teoría de las relaciones interpersonales, centrada en el concepto de asesoramiento, permite reflexionar sobre la representación de las enfermeras como terapeutas y fortalece las acciones de enfermería en el contexto de la atención de la salud mental.Descriptores: Enfermería, Enfermería Psiquiátrica, Teoría de Enfermería, Salud Mental.

A chronology of Distributed Adaptive Control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. M. J. Verschure
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distributed Adaptive Control ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
Convergent Validation ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter presents the Distributed Adaptive Control (DAC) theory of the mind and brain of living machines. DAC provides an explanatory framework for biological brains and an integration framework for synthetic ones. DAC builds on several themes presented in the handbook: it integrates different perspectives on mind and brain, exemplifies the synthetic method in understanding living machines, answers well-defined constraints faced by living machines, and provides a route for the convergent validation of anatomy, physiology, and behavior in our explanation of biological living machines. DAC addresses the fundamental question of how a living machine can obtain, retain, and express valid knowledge of its world. We look at the core components of DAC, specific benchmarks derived from the engagement with the physical and the social world (the H4W and the H5W problems) in foraging and human–robot interaction tasks. Lastly we address how DAC targets the UTEM benchmark and the relation with contemporary developments in AI.

scholarly journals Neurological and mental health consequences of COVID-19: potential implications for well-being and labor force

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I B Meier ◽  
C Vieira Ligo Teixeira ◽  
I Tarnanas ◽  
F Mirza ◽  
L Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Protection

Abstract Recent case studies show that the SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease, COVID-19, is associated with accelerated decline of mental health, in particular, cognition in elderly individuals, but also with neurological and neuropsychiatric illness in young people. Recent studies also show a bidirectional link between COVID-19 and mental health in that people with previous history of psychiatric illness have a higher risk for contracting COVID-19 and that COVID-19 patients display a variety of psychiatric illnesses. Risk factors and the response of the central nervous system to the virus show large overlaps with pathophysiological processes associated with Alzheimer’s disease, delirium, post-operative cognitive dysfunction and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, all characterized by cognitive impairment. These similarities lead to the hypothesis that the neurological symptoms could arise from neuroinflammation and immune cell dysfunction both in the periphery as well as in the central nervous system and the assumption that long-term consequences of COVID-19 may lead to cognitive impairment in the well-being of the patient and thus in today’s workforce, resulting in large loss of productivity. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to neurological protection during treatment and recovery of COVID-19, while cognitive consequences may require monitoring.

scholarly journals Pilot Testing the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability in a Process Evaluation of a Community Pharmacy–Based Men’s Mental Health Promotion Program

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401988512
Author(s):  
Andrea Lynn Murphy ◽  
David Martin Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Mental Health Promotion ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Pilot Testing ◽  
Promotion Program ◽  
Affective Attitude

The objective of this study was to assess men’s acceptability of a men’s mental health promotion program in community pharmacies through pilot testing the theoretical framework of acceptability (TFA) as part of the process evaluation. Five men were interviewed about their experiences with the Headstrong program to learn about the acceptability of the program. The TFA was used as the deductive coding scheme and consists of seven constructs including affective attitude, burden, intervention coherence, ethicality, opportunity costs, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy. Three constructs, affective attitude, perceived effectiveness, and intervention coherence, from the TFA were coded in all five transcripts. The most frequently coded constructs were affective attitude and perceived effectiveness, coded 19 and 17 times, respectively. Interviewees all reported good relationships with their pharmacists, which influenced their willingness, attitude, and low burden for participation in Headstrong. Each of the men expressed comments reflecting anticipated effectiveness of the program outside of their own experience and how it could impact other men. Use of the TFA as part of a process evaluation of men’s experiences in a men’s mental health program was useful in identifying men’s perceptions of the program’s acceptability. Further research regarding how the quality of existing relationships with clinicians and patients impacts the TFA constructs of affective attitudes, perceived effectiveness, and burden would be useful.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document