scholarly journals Priming intuition disfavors instrumental harm but not impartial beneficence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Capraro ◽  
Jim Albert Charlton Everett ◽  
Brian D. Earp
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Total N ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Do So

Understanding the cognitive underpinnings of moral judgment is one of most pressing problems in psychological science. Some highly-cited studies suggest that reliance on intuition decreases utilitarian (expected welfare maximizing) judgments in sacrificial moral dilemmas in which one has to decide whether to instrumentally harm (IH) one person to save a greater number of people. However, recent work suggests that such dilemmas are limited in that they fail to capture the positive, defining core of utilitarianism: commitment to impartial beneficence (IB). Accordingly, a new two-dimensional model of utilitarian judgment has been proposed that distinguishes IH and IB components. The role of intuition on this new model has not been studied. Does relying on intuition disfavor utilitarian choices only along the dimension of instrumental harm or does it also do so along the dimension of impartial beneficence? To answer this question, we conducted three studies (total N = 970, two preregistered) using conceptual priming of intuition versus deliberation on moral judgments. Our evidence converges on an interaction effect, with intuition decreasing utilitarian judgments in IH—as suggested by previous work—but failing to do so in IB. These findings bolster the recently proposed two-dimensional model of utilitarian moral judgment, and point to new avenues for future research.

Toward a Two-Dimensional Model of Social Cognition in Clinical Neuropsychology: A Systematic Review of Factor Structure Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Etchepare ◽  
Antoinette Prouteau
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
High Level

AbstractObjective: Social cognition has received growing interest in many conditions in recent years. However, this construct still suffers from a considerable lack of consensus, especially regarding the dimensions to be studied and the resulting methodology of clinical assessment. Our review aims to clarify the distinctiveness of the dimensions of social cognition.Method: Based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements, a systematic review was conducted to explore the factor structure of social cognition in the adult general and clinical populations.Results: The initial search provided 441 articles published between January 1982 and March 2017. Eleven studies were included, all conducted in psychiatric populations and/or healthy participants. Most studies were in favor of a two-factor solution. Four studies drew a distinction between low-level (e.g., facial emotion/prosody recognition) and high-level (e.g., theory of mind) information processing. Four others reported a distinction between affective (e.g., facial emotion/prosody recognition) and cognitive (e.g., false beliefs) information processing. Interestingly, attributional style was frequently reported as an additional separate factor of social cognition.Conclusions: Results of factor analyses add further support for the relevance of models differentiating level of information processing (low-vs. high-level) from nature of processed information (affectivevs. cognitive). These results add to a significant body of empirical evidence from developmental, clinical research and neuroimaging studies. We argue the relevance of integrating low-versushigh-level processing with affective and cognitive processing in a two-dimensional model of social cognition that would be useful for future research and clinical practice. (JINS, 2018,24, 391–404)

scholarly journals The Sound of Silence: Minorities, Abstention and Democracy

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Alessio Emanuele Biondo ◽  
Alessandro Pluchino ◽  
Roberto Zanola
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Voter Abstention

Despite the existence of an extensive literature, no definitive conclusion seems to emerge on the extent to which minorities are guaranteed by democratic rules in political systems. This paper contributes to this debate by proposing a modified Heigselmann and Krauss two-dimensional model of preferences in order to capture the role of abstention on minority representativeness. Regardless of the typology of abstention, simulation results show that voter abstention always benefits minorities.

Solid Phase Synthesis of Coating on the Base under the Electron Beam Surfacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Sorokova ◽  
A.G. Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Coating Synthesis

Two-dimensional model of the Ti-Ni coating synthesis in condition of the electron-beam treatment is suggested and investigated. The base is iron. The system of chemical reactions is written according to the phase diagram of Ti-Ni.The results of numerical investigation of the model which illustrate the role of the technology parameters in the conversion regimes are represented. Distribution of temperature and elements concentration and compounds in different time moments for different synthesis conditions are constructed. It is shown that at any process organization the synthesized material becomes chemically heterogeneous.

scholarly journals THE PETS:Game Introduction of Pets in Two Languages

SISFORMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Wahyu Febriyanto ◽  
Brenda Chandrawati ◽  
Erdhi Widyarto
Keyword(s):  
Educational Game ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Game Engine ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Android Platform ◽  
Role Of Parents

Introducing environment is important for children. Included in this environment is the life of living beings such as humans, animals, and plants. The role of parents is needed in introducing the living creatures. One of the living creatures that endeared children are animals, especially the pets. Therefore made educational game The Pets. With the game "The Pets" is expected to help parents to teach the children in learning about pets based on place of living and food. In this paper describes how to design and create introducing pet game based on the type of food and its habitat in two different languages . "The Pets" has the Android platform with a minimum API Level 14 is created using the game engine Construct 2. Using two dimensional model and image with interesting coloring for children, and using the application CorelDraw X4. From results of the survey, "The Pets" can provide new knowledge and can assist children in learning about pets based on place of living and food. Children who previously could not mention animals vocabulary in English, after playing "The Pets" can name them into English.

scholarly journals Synchronization of flexible sheets

2011 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
GWYNN J. ELFRING ◽  
ERIC LAUGA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Two Dimensional Model

When swimming in close proximity, some microorganisms such as spermatozoa synchronize their flagella. Previous work on swimming sheets showed that such synchronization requires a geometrical asymmetry in the flagellar waveforms. Here we inquire about a physical mechanism responsible for such symmetry breaking in nature. Using a two-dimensional model, we demonstrate that flexible sheets with symmetric internal forcing deform when interacting with each other via a thin fluid layer in such a way as to systematically break the overall waveform symmetry, thereby always evolving to an in-phase conformation where energy dissipation is minimized. This dynamics is shown to be mathematically equivalent to that obtained for prescribed waveforms in viscoelastic fluids, emphasizing the crucial role of elasticity in symmetry breaking and synchronization.

Hydrodynamic Lubrication in Wavy Contacting Face Seals—A Two Dimensional Model

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Lebeck
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Asperity Contact ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Face Seals

The role of circumferential surface waviness in contacting mechanical face seals is examined. First, a two dimensional model is developed. The model considers waviness amplitude, surface roughness, asperity contact, hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressures, and fluid cavitation. Given waviness, roughness, number of waves, geometry, and sealed fluid, the model predicts the fraction of load supported by fluid pressure, the relative wear rate, friction coefficient, and leakage rate. A numerical method for solving this problem is presented. Using this model, the effects of waviness amplitude, roughness, number of waves, face width, and sealed pressure on seal performance are examined. Based on these results, certain conclusions are reached concerning the role of waviness in commercial face seals. Finally, using the model, it is shown how waviness can be applied to advantage to reduce seal friction and wear rates.

scholarly journals A Two-Dimensional Model of the Colonic Crypt Accounting for the Role of the Basement Membrane and Pericryptal Fibroblast Sheath

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e1002515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara-Jane Dunn ◽  
Paul L. Appleton ◽  
Scott A. Nelson ◽  
Inke S. Näthke ◽  
David J. Gavaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Colonic Crypt ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model
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