scholarly journals Online Betting Intensity is Linked with Extraversion and Conscientiousness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Palomäki ◽  
Michael Laakasuo ◽  
Sari Castrén ◽  
Jani Saastamoinen ◽  
Tuomo Kainulainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Personality Score ◽  
Online Betting ◽  
Online Gamblers

INTRODUCTION. Extraversion and conscientiousness are well-studied personality traits associated with reward processing and goal prioritization, respectively, and bear on individual differences in financial risk-taking. Using unique large datasets, we investigated the link between these traits and male online gamblers’ actual betting participation and intensity. METHODS. We combined datasets containing online horse betting data (during 2015-2016) from the Finnish monopoly betting company; administrative registry data from Statistics Finland; and personality trait measures from the Finnish Defence Forces corresponding to extraversion and conscientiousness as defined in the five-factor model. We modelled associations between these traits and betting participation (n=471,968) and intensity (n=11,217) among male horse bettors (age=36–53). RESULTS. Controlling for demographics and IQ, individuals scoring high on conscientiousness (or extraversion) were less (or more) likely to bet, and less (or more) intensive bettors – even when personality was measured 16–34 years before betting occurred. One SD personality score increase represented an annual decrease (conscientiousness) or increase (extraversion) of €570-754 in spending. CONCLUSION. Extraversion and conscientiousness are implicated in real-life financial behavior with tangible consequences for individuals. These effects are stronger than for many known demographic variables used in gambling studies, and persist up to 34 years after personality has been measured.

The Multidimensional Mortality Awareness Measure and Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oona Levasseur ◽  
Mark R. McDermott ◽  
Kathryn D. Lafreniere
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Multidimensional Measure

For each of eight literature-identified conceptual dimensions of mortality awareness, questionnaire items were generated, producing 89 in all. A total of 359 participants responded to these items and to questionnaires measuring health attitudes, risk taking, rebelliousness, and demographic variables. Multivariate correlational analyses investigated the underlying structure of the item pool and the construct validity as well as the reliability of the emergent empirically derived subscales. Five components, rather than eight, were identified. Given the item content of each, the associated mortality awareness subscales were labeled as legacy, fearfulness, acceptance, disempowerment, and disengagement. Each attained an acceptable level of internal reliability. Relationships with other variables supported the construct validity of these empirically derived subscales and more generally of this five-factor model. In conclusion, this new multidimensional measure and model of mortality awareness extends our understanding of this important aspect of human existence and supports a more integrative and optimistic approach to mortality awareness than previously available.

scholarly journals Openness Is Related to Proenvironmental Behavior Both Within and Across Families

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 996-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Puech ◽  
Jake Dougal ◽  
Caitlin Deery ◽  
Colin Waddell ◽  
René Mõttus
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Proenvironmental Behavior ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Sibling Pairs

Environment-friendly behaviors may be desirable in helping to solve worldwide ecological issues. This has sparked interest in the associations of such behaviors with established psychological constructs such as the Five-Factor Model personality traits. Of these, Openness has been most consistently linked with proenvironmental behavior; yet, the extent of causality in this association is unclear. Using a sample of 168 individuals, including 84 sibling pairs, the present study replicated the association while controlling for factors in which families differ (environmental factors that siblings share and a proportion of genetic variance). Proenvironmental behavior was correlated with Openness ( r = .51) and the association could be observed both between ( r = .57) and within families ( r = .29), with adjustments for various demographic variables. These findings indicate that more open individuals tend to engage in proenvironmental behaviors, even when controlling for possibly confounding factors shared and not shared between siblings.

scholarly journals Hierarchy in the Library: Egalitarian Dynamics in Victorian Novels

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470490800600 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Johnson ◽  
Joseph Carroll ◽  
Jonathan Gottschall ◽  
Daniel Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Life History Theory ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Affiliative Behavior ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Victorian Novels ◽  
The Impact

The current research investigated the psychological differences between protagonists and antagonists in literature and the impact of these differences on readers. It was hypothesized that protagonists would embody cooperative motives and behaviors that are valued by egalitarian hunter-gatherers groups, whereas antagonists would demonstrate status-seeking and dominance behaviors that are stigmatized in such groups. This hypothesis was tested with an online questionnaire listing characters from 201 canonical British novels of the longer nineteenth century. 519 respondents generated 1470 protocols on 435 characters. Respondents identified the characters as protagonists, antagonists, or minor characters, judged the characters' motives according to human life history theory, rated the characters' traits according to the five-factor model of personality, and specified their own emotional responses to the characters on categories adapted from Ekman's seven basic emotions. As expected, antagonists are motivated almost exclusively by the desire for social dominance, their personality traits correspond to this motive, and they elicit strongly negative emotional responses from readers. Protagonists are oriented to cooperative and affiliative behavior and elicit positive emotional responses from readers. Novels therefore apparently enable readers to participate vicariously in an egalitarian social dynamic like that found in hunter-gatherer societies. We infer that agonistic structure in novels simulates social behaviors that fulfill an adaptive social function and perhaps stimulates impulses toward these behaviors in real life.

The Protagonist and Their Avatar

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. McCreery ◽  
S. Kathleen Krach ◽  
Amanda Nolen
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Massively Multiplayer Online Games ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Personality Score ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Virtual Setting

Given the active and authentic nature of Massively-Multiplayer Online Games, researchers have begun to question the use of this virtual setting as a teaching / learning tool (Barab et al., 2010; Squire, 2006). Specific findings in virtual environments show that several personal factors mediate an individual's experiences within that environment (Przybylski, Rigby, & Ryan, 2010). Although physical-world research has focused on the personal factor of personality and its influence on learning (Caprara et al., 2011; Furnham, Chamorro-Premuzic, & McDougall, 2003; Gallagher, 1996; Olesen, Thomsen, Schnieber & Tønnesvang, 2010), very little research on personality within virtual settings has been conducted. Thus, it is important to explore more about personality changes between individuals and their avatars in virtual settings. Findings from the current study show statistically different personality score for individuals and their avatars across all domains of the Five-Factor Model. However, for three of the domains, Neuroticism, Openness, and Conscientiousness, consistent patterns of difference existed. Overall implications for these findings are discussed.

The Demographics, Motivations, and Derived Experiences of Users of Massively Multi-User Online Graphical Environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Yee
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Role Playing Games ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Age Range

Online survey data were collected from 30,000 users of Massively Multi-User Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) over a three year period to explore users' demographics, motivations, and derived experiences. Not only do MMORPGs appeal to a broad age range (Mage = 26.57, range = 11–68), but the appeal is strong (on average 22 hours of usage per week) across users of all ages (r = −.04). An exploratory factor analysis revealed a five factor model of user motivations—Achievement, Relationship, Immersion, Escapism, and Manipulation—illustrating the multifaceted appeal of these online environments. Male players were significantly more likely to be driven by the Achievement and Manipulation factors, while female players were significantly more likely to be driven by the Relationship factor. Also, the data indicated that users derived meaningful relationships and salient emotional experiences, as well as real-life leadership skills from these virtual environments. MMORPGs are not simply a pastime for teenagers, but a valuable research venue and platform where millions of users interact and collaborate using real-time 3D avatars on a daily basis.

scholarly journals Interactive Impact of Demographic Variables and Personality Type on Risk Tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heena Thanki ◽  
Narayan Baser
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Type A ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Financial Risk Tolerance

Investors’ investment decision is much dependent on his/her risk-taking capability, which in turn depends on a variety of factors. Majority of the studies carried out on this topic associate the financial risk tolerance (FRT) with demographics (gender, marital status, age, education income, etc.) of the investor. A handful of the studies on this topic establish a link between FRT and personality type. FRT refers to the investors’ ability to allow the uncertainty of returns while taking their investment decision. Most of the past studies on the related topics have taken Myers-Briggs Type Indicators (MBTI) or big five personality types, whereas the present study has taken Personality type A and B for finding its association with risk tolerance level. Identifying Personality type A and B is much easier and less time-consuming as compared to other models. Hence, in real life, financial planners also can use the outcome of this study in preparing the investment strategy for their clients. Past studies have focused either on demographics or on personality type, while the current study combines the effect of both the variables and adds to the existing literature. The present study adopts a single cross-sectional descriptive research design. To satisfy the objective, required data were gathered through a structured questionnaire with a “Financial Risk Tolerance Scale,” “Personality Scale,” and basic demographic questions using a convenience sampling methodology. An analysis of data indicates that personality type and demographic variables such as gender, marital status, occupation, and income are found significant in determining FRT of investor, while age and education are found insignificant.

The Protagonist and Their Avatar

Gamification ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Michael P. McCreery ◽  
S. Kathleen Krach ◽  
Amanda Nolen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Multiplayer Online Games ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Personality Score ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Virtual Setting

Given the active and authentic nature of Massively-Multiplayer Online Games, researchers have begun to question the use of this virtual setting as a teaching / learning tool (Barab et al., 2010; Squire, 2006). Specific findings in virtual environments show that several personal factors mediate an individual's experiences within that environment (Przybylski, Rigby, & Ryan, 2010). Although physical-world research has focused on the personal factor of personality and its influence on learning (Caprara et al., 2011; Furnham, Chamorro-Premuzic, & McDougall, 2003; Gallagher, 1996; Olesen, Thomsen, Schnieber & Tønnesvang, 2010), very little research on personality within virtual settings has been conducted. Thus, it is important to explore more about personality changes between individuals and their avatars in virtual settings. Findings from the current study show statistically different personality score for individuals and their avatars across all domains of the Five-Factor Model. However, for three of the domains, Neuroticism, Openness, and Conscientiousness, consistent patterns of difference existed. Overall implications for these findings are discussed.

Implementing a Five-Factor Personality Inventory for Use on the Internet

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Buchanan ◽  
John A. Johnson ◽  
Lewis R. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Personality Item ◽  
Recruiting Strategy ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Abstract. A short five-factor personality inventory developed from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) was implemented as an online questionnaire and completed by 2,448 participants. Following factor analyses, a revised version was created with acceptable reliability and factor univocal scales. As preliminary evidence of construct validity, support was found for 25 hypothesized links with self-reports of relevant behaviors and demographic variables. In a replication using a different recruiting strategy to test for differences due to motivational factors, similar results were obtained. This set of scales appears to provide acceptable measures of the Five-Factor Model for use in internet-mediated research.

scholarly journals Methodological basis of firm financial risk management

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Nabiyev Mahayad Anvar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Financial Risk Management ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Retained Earnings

The purpose of this article is to summarize the theoretical, methodological and methodological foundations of financial risk management in firms in modern conditions. The methodological basis of the research is the works of economists devoted to financial risk management. Research novelty. Various methods are presented in the economic literature for assessing financial risks. The introduction of modern methods of systematic and consistent analysis of the financial risk management of a firm is the main novelty of this study. Conclusion. Based on the current liquidity ratio of the company's financial condition and the assessment of borrowed funds in terms of liabilities, a two-factor model is investigated, and on the basis of working capital in terms of assets, return on assets (ratio of retained earnings to assets), profitability (ratio of operating income to assets), market value of shares by the ratio of liabilities and profitability of assets (profit by ratio to assets), a five-factor model is investigated. In the economic literature, it is considered appropriate to use the revised Altman model in developing countries.

Social Desirability in Personality Inventories

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bäckström ◽  
Fredrik Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Model Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Variables

The difference between evaluatively loaded and evaluatively neutralized five-factor inventory items was used to create new variables, one for each factor in the five-factor model. Study 1 showed that these variables can be represented in terms of a general evaluative factor which is related to social desirability measures and indicated that the factor may equally well be represented as separate from the Big Five as superordinate to them. Study 2 revealed an evaluative factor in self-ratings and peer ratings of the Big Five, but the evaluative factor in self-reports did not correlate with such a factor in ratings by peers. In Study 3 the evaluative factor contributed above the Big Five in predicting work performance, indicating a substance component. The results are discussed in relation to measurement issues and self-serving biases.

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