Benchmarking gambling screens to health-state utility: The PGSI and the SGHS estimate similar levels of population gambling-harm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Browne ◽  
Alex M T Russell ◽  
Stephen Begg ◽  
Matthew Rockloff ◽  
En Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Health Utility ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Health State ◽  
Gambling Harm ◽  
Total Burden ◽  
Aggregate Population

Background and aims: Both the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and the Short Gambling Harms Screen (SGHS) purport to identify individuals harmed by gambling. However, there is dispute as to how much individuals are harmed, conditional on their scores from these instruments. We used an experienced utility framework to estimate the magnitude of implied impacts on health and wellbeing.Methods: We measured health utility using the Short Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D), and used this as a benchmark. All 2603 cases were propensity score weighted, to balance the affected group (i.e., SGHS 1+ or PGSI 1+ vs 0) with a reference group of gamblers with respect to risk factors for gambling harm. Weighted regression models estimated decrements to health utility scores attributable to gambling, whilst controlling for key comorbidities.Results: We found significant attributable decrements to health utility for all non-zero SGHS scores, as well as moderate-risk and problem gamblers, but not for PGSI low-risk gamblers. Applying these coefficients to population data, we find a similar total burden for both instruments, although the SGHS more specifically identified the subpopulation of harmed individuals. For both screens, outcomes on the SF-6D implies that about two-thirds of the ‘burden of harm’ is attributable to gamblers outside of the most severe categories.Discussion and Conclusions: Gambling screens have hitherto provided nominal category membership, and population surveys typically focus on problem gambling prevalence. These results quantify the health utility decrement for each category, allowing for tracking of the aggregate population impact based on all affected gamblers.

scholarly journals Positive play and its relationship with gambling harms and benefits

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370
Author(s):  
Paul Delfabbro ◽  
Daniel L. King ◽  
Neophytos Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Gambling Harm ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Recreational Benefits ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Play

AbstractBackgroundEngagement in responsible or ‘positive play’ strategies is known to be negatively associated with problem gambling, as indexed by measures such as the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Less is known about whether positive play is associated with reduced harm or a greater ability to enjoy the recreational benefits of gambling.AimsThis study investigated the relationship between positive play and gambling harm after controlling for PGSI scores and whether positive play moderated the relationship between PGSI scores and harm. It also examined whether positive play was related to perceived benefits associated with gambling.MethodsThe study utilised an online panel sample of 554 respondents who completed a survey that included the PGSI, measures of gambling harm drawn from Browne et al. (2016), and the newly developed Positive Play Scale (Wood et al., 2019). The study involved predominantly monthly gamblers with higher levels of gambling risk: 23% problem gamblers; 36% moderate risk; and 21% low risk gamblers.ResultsThe results indicated that positive play was negatively associated with reduced gambling harm. The behavioural Positive Play subscales relating to pre-commitment and honesty and control explained additional variation in harm after controlling for PGSI scores. Higher levels of positive play also moderated and reduced the relationship between the PGSI and gambling harm. Perceived benefits were, unexpectedly, found to be higher in problem gamblers and negatively related to positive play.ConclusionBehavioural measures of positive play appear to be useful moderating factors in understanding the relationship between problem gambling and harm. Higher-risk gamblers appear to experience both greater costs as well as benefits from gambling, which likely reflects a stronger personal need to engage in the activity.

scholarly journals The extent and distribution of gambling harm in Finland as assessed by the Problem Gambling Severity Index

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna U. Raisamo ◽  
Pia Mäkelä ◽  
Anne H. Salonen ◽  
Tomi P. Lintonen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Gambling Harm ◽  
Problem Gambling Severity Index ◽  
Gambling Severity

Complex evaluation of health state of population residing under combined exposure to noise and chemical risk factors caused by activities of major airport hub

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin P. Luzhetsky ◽  
Ol’ga Yu. Ustinova ◽  
Svetlana S. Kleyn ◽  
Dmitrii N. Koshurnikov ◽  
Svetlana S. Vekovshinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Health State ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Complex Evaluation

Complex evaluation covered health state of population residing under combined exposure to physical (noise) and chemical (manganese, formaldehyde, phenol, benzene) risk factors caused by airport activities. Findings are unacceptable chronic risks expressed through risk index for development of nervous system diseases (HI=9.45–51.75), respiratory disorders (HQ=2,62–6,95) and immune system ailments (HQ=1,75–4,23). In children, functional disorders of nervous system (parasympathetic type vegetative dystonia) and respiratory organs (chronic disorders of upper respiratory tract) are diagnosed 1,5–1,8 times higher than those in the reference group; over 5% of children aged 4–7 years demonstrate bilateral conductive deafness. Reliable cause-effect relationships were revealed between functional nervous system disorders (parasympathetic type vegetative dystonia, astheno-neurotic syndrome, vascular cephalgia, sleep disorders) and increased serum level of manganese and benzene (proportion of explained dispersion, R2=0,55–0,87, 26,44≤F≥389,54), between respiratory diseases (chronic rhinitis, chronic pharyngitis) and increased serum level of formaldehyde (R2=0,73–0,91; 350,8≤F≥778,3), with high statistic significance (p < 0,0001). For sanitary epidemiologic examination purposes, case-based reasoning for relationships of children health disorders, management decisions, the authors suggested and justified a list of parameters for negative combined impact of risk factors caused by airport hub.

scholarly journals Gambling problems in bipolar disorder in the UK: Prevalence and distribution

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jones ◽  
Alice Metcalf ◽  
Katherine Gordon-Smith ◽  
Liz Forty ◽  
Amy Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
Probable Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gambling Severity ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundNorth American studies show bipolar disorder is associated with elevated rates of problem gambling; however, little is known about rates in the different presentations of bipolar illness.AimsTo determine the prevalence and distribution of problem gambling in people with bipolar disorder in the UK.MethodThe Problem Gambling Severity Index was used to measure gambling problems in 635 participants with bipolar disorder.ResultsModerate to severe gambling problems were four times higher in people with bipolar disorder than in the general population, and were associated with type 2 disorder (OR = 1.74, P = 0.036), history of suicidal ideation or attempt (OR = 3.44, P = 0.02) and rapid cycling (OR = 2.63, P = 0.008).ConclusionsApproximately 1 in 10 patients with bipolar disorder may be at moderate to severe risk of problem gambling, possibly associated with suicidal behaviour and a rapid cycling course. Elevated rates of gambling problems in type 2 disorder highlight the probable significance of modest but unstable mood disturbance in the development and maintenance of such problems.

319 Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index Short-Form for Identifying Insomnia Disorder in Young Adult Cancer Survivors

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A128-A128
Author(s):  
Lydia Chevalier ◽  
Alexis Michaud ◽  
Eric Zhou ◽  
Grace Chang ◽  
Christopher Recklitis
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Young Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Young Adult Cancer ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a common and impairing late effect experienced by many young adult cancer survivors (YACS). Although routine evaluation of sleep disorders in cancer survivors is recommended, lack of consensus on appropriate screening measures contributes to under-identification and under-treatment of these disorders in YACS. As screening measures are ideally as brief as possible while maintaining validity, we sought to validate the recently published three-item Insomnia Severity Index Short-Form (ISI-SF) in YACS. Methods 250 YACS completed the ISI and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 (SCID-5). The ISI-SF was created by summing three ISI items: distress (item #6), interference (item #7), and satisfaction (item #4). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to compare discrimination on the ISI-SF to two criteria: the full-scale ISI using a cutoff of ≥8 recently validated in this sample, and the SCID-5 insomnia module. Consistent with previous research, we specified a priori that a cut-off score on the ISI-SF with sensitivity ≥.85 and specificity ≥.75 would be acceptable. Results The ISI-SF had excellent discrimination when compared to the full-scale ISI (AUC = .97) and a cut-off score of ≥4 met criteria with a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 86%. The ISI-SF had good discrimination when compared to the SCID-5 (AUC = .88), but none of the cut-off scores met a priori criteria for sensitivity and specificity. A cut-off score of ≥4 came closest with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 70%. Conclusion Although the ISI-SF did not meet sensitivity and specificity criteria for a stand-alone screening measure when compared to a diagnostic interview, it demonstrated utility as the first step in a two-step screening procedure. Specifically, the high sensitivity of the ≥4 ISI-F cut-off score is well-suited to accurately screening out YACS who do not need insomnia services; as a second screen, the SCID-5 insomnia module could be administered only to those elevated on the ISI-SF in order to identify false positives cases before making referrals for insomnia specialists. Support (if any) National Cancer Institute (1R21CA223832), Swim Across America

scholarly journals Mapping of the Insomnia Severity Index and other sleep measures to EuroQol EQ-5D health state utilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yan Gu ◽  
Marc F Botteman ◽  
Xiang Ji ◽  
Christopher F Bell ◽  
John A Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Health State ◽  
Insomnia Severity Index ◽  
Health State Utilities ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Validity of the Problem Gambling Severity Index Interpretive Categories

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn R. Currie ◽  
David C. Hodgins ◽  
David M. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Problem Gambling Severity Index ◽  
Gambling Severity

scholarly journals Effects of a workplace prevention programme for problem gambling: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e015963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Rafi ◽  
Ekaterina Ivanova ◽  
Alexander Rozental ◽  
Per Carlbring
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prevention Programme ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionDespite being considered a public health problem, no prevention programme for problem gambling in workplace settings has been scientifically evaluated. This study aims to fill a critical gap in the field of problem gambling by implementing and evaluating a large-scale prevention programme in organisations.Methods and analysisTen organisations, with a total of n=549 managers and n=8572 employees, will be randomised to either receiving a prevention programme or to a waitlist control condition. Measurements will be collected at the baseline and 3, 12 and 24 months after intervention. The primary outcome of interest is the managers’ inclination to act when worried or suspicious about an employee’s problem gambling or other harmful use. Additional outcomes of interest include the Problem Gambling Severity Index and gambling habits in both managers and employees. Furthermore, qualitative analyses of the responses from semistructured interviews with managers will be performed.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the regional ethics board of Stockholm, Sweden, and it will contribute to the body of knowledge concerning prevention of problem gambling. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed, open-access journals.Trial registration numberNCT02925286; Pre-results.

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