scholarly journals Depressive traits are associated with a reduced effect of choice on implicit sense of agency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Jayne Scott ◽  
Mawada Ghanem ◽  
Brianna Beck ◽  
Andrew Martin
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Intentional Binding ◽  
Outcome Valence ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subclinical Depression ◽  
Action Choice

Our everyday actions and their subsequent outcomes are accompanied by a feeling of control or agency. This sense of agency (SoA) is dependent on the contribution of both prospective factors (e.g., action choice), and retrospective factors (e.g., outcome valence) with considerable variation in the population. We manipulated freedom of choice and valence of outcome to assess the relationship between implicit SoA and subclinical depressive and psychosis-like traits in a cohort of healthy young adults. Participants (N=150) completed a Libet Clock task, in which they had either a free or forced choice of which of two buttons to press, and received either a positive or negative outcome (cash register or klaxon). Participants were required to judge the time on the clock the tone sounded. We measured outcome binding, the shift in the perceived time of the outcome back in time towards the moment of the action. Participants also completed questionnaires on both depressive and psychosis-like traits. Positive outcomes strongly increased intentional binding. The evidence favoured no effect of freedom of choice on average, but this was influenced by inter-individual differences. Individuals reporting more depressive traits had less of a difference in intentional binding between free and forced choice conditions. The findings show that implicit SoA is sensitive to outcome valence and differs across the subclinical depression continuum.

Subclinical depression inhibits the sense of agency at the sensorimotor level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nakamura ◽  
Akihiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Intentional Binding ◽  
Action Effect ◽  
Fundamental Level ◽  
Time Prediction ◽  
Subclinical Depression

The sense of agency is a feeling that one’s actions affect the outer world, which can be implicitly measured by the intentional binding paradigm. Intentional binding is a temporal illusion in which the time interval of one’s voluntary action and the following effect is perceived as contracted. Although the abnormality of the sense of agency is related to various mental states, it is unclear how depression affects the sense of agency at the sensorimotor level in general. Twenty-four nonclinical participants judged the timing of a keypress and a tone, with or without action-effect association, and reported their depressive symptoms. Replicating the previous studies, in this study, the time prediction of the keypress shifted toward the tone and that of the tone shifted toward the keypress when a tone followed a voluntary keypress. It was found that individuals with more severe depressive symptoms had smaller intentional binding, indicating a decreased sense of agency at the sensorimotor level in subclinical depression. This finding could aid in further understanding the experience of depression at a fundamental level and treating such patients.

scholarly journals Try and try again: Post-error boost of an implicit measure of agency

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1584-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Di Costa ◽  
Héloïse Théro ◽  
Valérian Chambon ◽  
Patrick Haggard
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Intentional Binding ◽  
Reward Probability

The sense of agency refers to the feeling that we control our actions and, through them, effects in the outside world. Reinforcement learning provides an important theoretical framework for understanding why people choose to make particular actions. Few previous studies have considered how reinforcement and learning might influence the subjective experience of agency over actions and outcomes. In two experiments, participants chose between two action alternatives, which differed in reward probability. Occasional reversals of action–reward mapping required participants to monitor outcomes and adjust action selection processing accordingly. We measured shifts in the perceived times of actions and subsequent outcomes (‘intentional binding’) as an implicit proxy for sense of agency. In the first experiment, negative outcomes showed stronger binding towards the preceding action, compared to positive outcomes. Furthermore, negative outcomes were followed by increased binding of actions towards their outcome on the following trial. Experiment 2 replicated this post-error boost in action binding and showed that it only occurred when people could learn from their errors to improve action choices. We modelled the post-error boost using an established quantitative model of reinforcement learning. The post-error boost in action binding correlated positively with participants’ tendency to learn more from negative outcomes than from positive outcomes. Our results suggest a novel relation between sense of agency and reinforcement learning, in which sense of agency is increased when negative outcomes trigger adaptive changes in subsequent action selection processing.

Does Ego-Resilience Impact Friendship Outcomes?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Lozano ◽  
Mahzad Hojjat ◽  
Judith Sims-Knight
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Ego Resilience ◽  
Maintenance Behaviors ◽  
Received Social Support ◽  
Trait Resilience ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The present study examined the relationship between resilience and positive outcomes in friendships of young adults. SEM and bootstrapping analyses were performed to test whether positive emotions mediate the relationship between ego-resilience and enhanced friendship outcomes. Findings revealed indirect effects for friendship closeness, maintenance behaviors, and received social support. Our findings demonstrate the importance of positive emotions and its connection with trait resilience in the realm of friendships.

The Relationship between Concentration and Sensory Properties of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin in Drinking Water

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ito ◽  
T. Okumura ◽  
M. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Triangle Method ◽  
Musty Odor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Samples

The study of the relations between the senses of smell and taste and odorant concentration is important for the solution of odor problems. The threshold concentrations of odor and taste (TOC, TTC) of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin were measured by the non-forced choice triangle method using 12-20 panelists. Both TOC and TTC were found to be functions of water temperature and the concentration of residual chlorine. The TOC and TTC of mixed samples were rather lower than the concentrations calculated from the mixing ratio. The sensitivities of the consumer panel and the number of musty odor complaints from consumers are related to MIB or geosmin concentration. The ratio of the number of complaints to MIB (or geosmin) concentration decreased after maximum complaint, but the sensitivity of the consumer panel remained the same.

scholarly journals Altered sense of agency in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: behavioural, clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Zapparoli ◽  
Silvia Seghezzi ◽  
Francantonio Devoto ◽  
Marika Mariano ◽  
Giuseppe Banfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Intentional Binding ◽  
Action Monitoring

Abstract Current neurocognitive models of motor control postulate that accurate action monitoring is crucial for a normal experience of agency—the ability to attribute the authorship of our actions and their consequences to ourselves. Recent studies demonstrated that action monitoring is impaired in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, a movement disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. It follows that Tourette syndrome patients may suffer from a perturbed sense of agency, the hypothesis tested in this study. To this end, we recruited 25 Tourette syndrome patients and 25 matched healthy controls in a case-control behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging study. As an implicit index of the sense of agency, we measured the intentional binding phenomenon, i.e., the perceived temporal compression between voluntary movements and their external consequences. We found evidence of an impaired sense of agency in Tourette syndrome patients who, as a group, did not show a significant intentional binding. The more reduced was the individual intentional binding, the more severe were the motor symptoms. Specific differences between the two groups were also observed in terms of brain activation patterns. In the healthy controls group, the magnitude of the intentional binding was associated with the activity of a premotor–parietal–cerebellar network. This relationship was not present in the Tourette syndrome group, suggesting an altered activation of the agency brain network for self-generated acts. We conclude that the less accurate action monitoring described in Tourette syndrome also involves the assessment of the consequences of actions in the outside world. We discuss that this may lead to difficulties in distinguishing external consequences produced by their own actions from the ones caused by others in Tourette syndrome patients.

Feelings of Guilt and Fantasies in Life Experiences of Brazilian Parents Due to Death of their Newborn: A Clinical-qualitative Study Conducted at a University Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S616-S616
Author(s):  
L. Rodrigues ◽  
J.V. Freitas-de-Jesus ◽  
G. Lavorato-Neto ◽  
D.D. Lima ◽  
E.R. Turato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Cultural Pattern ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionThe relationship between parents and children is a complex link. In the process of pregnancy-birth-puerperium, frequent feelings such as responsibility, love, fear, uncertainty, generate strong expectations at birth. The death of a newborn may not be perceived as natural by the parents, considering the local culture and the context of great technological development of neonatology.ObjectiveTo explore possible guilt and fantasies in life experiences of parents during mourning process due to death of their newborn.MethodClinical-qualitative design, a particularization of qualitative methods here applied in clinical assistance settings with highlight to psychological aspects. Data collection with the technique of semi-directed interview with open-ended questions, in-depth. Sample intentionally constructed, with closure by theoretical saturation of information. The participants were 7 parents, mourning by the death of their child at the neonatal intensive care unit, in a university hospital of Campinas, São Paulo State.ResultsFeelings of guilt - conscious or not - lead to an internal and particular movement so that mourning can be lived. The participants showed certain embarrassment, accompanied by natural suffering facing to the cultural pattern that permeates the emotional experience. It predicts types of psychological meanings that the experience will give to the person.ConclusionHealth professionals working with bereaved parents should consider more deeply the moment these one experienced, with emphasis on the details of the death scenery, beside the problems of illness and death properly so called.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Embodying the Site: the Here and Now in Site-Specific Dance Performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Dance Performance ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Spirit Of Place ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, Victoria Hunter explores the concept of the ‘here and now’ in the creation of site-specific dance performance, in response to Doreen Massey's questioning of the fixity of the concept of the ‘here and now’ during the recent RESCEN seminar on ‘Making Space’, in which she challenged the concept of a singular fixed ‘present’, suggesting instead that we exist in a constant production of ‘here and nows’ akin to ‘being in the moment’. Here the concept is applied to an analysis of the author's recent performance work created as part of a PhD investigation into the relationship between the site and the creative process in site-specific dance performance. In this context the notion of the ‘here and now’ is discussed in relation to the concept of dance embodiment informed by the site and the genius loci, or ‘spirit of place’. Victoria Hunter is a Lecturer in Dance at the University of Leeds, who is currently researching a PhD in site-specific dance performance.

Predicting emotions in music using the onset curve

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110316
Author(s):  
Elena Saiz-Clar ◽  
Miguel Ángel Serrano ◽  
José Manuel Reales
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Score ◽  
Musical Note ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between parameters extracted from the musical stimuli and emotional response has been traditionally approached using several physical measures extracted from time or frequency domains. From time-domain measures, the musical onset is defined as the moment in that any musical instrument or human voice issues a musical note. The onsets’ sequence in the performance of a specific musical score creates what is known as the onset curve (OC). The influence of the structure of OC on the emotional judgment of people is not known. To this end, we have applied principal component analysis on a complete set of variables extracted from the OC to capture their statistical structure. We have found a trifactorial structure related to activation and valence dimensions of emotional judgment. The structure has been cross-validated using different participants and stimuli. In this way, we propose the factorial scores of the OC as a reliable and relevant piece of information to predict the emotional judgment of music.

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