scholarly journals The Shallow Cognitive Map Hypothesis: A Hippocampal framework for Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Musa ◽  
Safia Khan ◽  
Minahil Mujahid ◽  
Mohamady
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Relational Knowledge ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Systems Framework

Memories are not formed in isolation. They are associated and organized into relational knowledge structures that allow coherent thought. Failure to express such coherent thought is a key hallmark of Schizophrenia. Here we explore the hypothesis that thought disorder arises from disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps. In doing so, we combine insights from two key lines of investigation, one concerning the neural signatures of cognitive mapping, and another that seeks to understand lower-level cellular mechanisms of cognition within a dynamical systems framework. Specifically, we propose that multiple distinct pathological pathways converge on the shallowing of Hippocampal attractors, giving rise to disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps and driving thought disorder. We discuss the available evidence at the computational, behavioural, network and cellular levels. We also outline testable predictions from this framework including how it could unify major chemical and psychological theories of schizophrenia and how it can provide a rationale for understanding the aetiology and treatment of the disease.

Selection of Landmarks as a Correlate of Cognitive Map Organization

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Hardwick ◽  
Scott C. Woolridge ◽  
Edward J. Rinalducci
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The relationship between the organization of cognitive maps and the ability to evaluate environmental features as landmarks was assessed for 59 college students. Analysis showed that lower levels of cognitive map organization were related to a tendency to select spatially ambiguous landmarks as representative of an unfamiliar route. The results are interpreted as indicating that variability in basic cognitive mapping skills contributes to variability in the rate at which adults' cognitive maps undergo changes in organization.

scholarly journals CITRA UBUD BALI BERDASARKAN PETA KOGNISI MASYARAKAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Mutiara Anggi ◽  
Diananta Pramitasari ◽  
Syam Rachma Marcillia
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Urban Density ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Strong Culture

Berbagai kota maupun wilayah di Indonesia banyak memiliki potensi pariwisata yang menarik sehingga dikunjungi oleh turis dari berbagai macam negara. Salah satunya adalah area Ubud Bali yang memiliki banyak destinasi wisata dan terus berkembang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pariwisatanya. Perkembangan yang pesat tersebut dikhawatirkan akan menyebabkan kepadatan lingkungan yang tidak terkendali dan berubahnya citra Ubud sebagai kawasan alam dan pedesaan yang tenang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui citra Ubud berdasarkan kognisi spasial yang tergambar melalui peta kognisi (cognitive map) masyarakatnya. Citra Ubud tersebut diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan untuk perkembangan area Ubud nantinya. Penelitian yang dilakukan di area Ubud, Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali ini menggunakan metode penelitian pemetaan kognisi (cognitive mapping). Melalui metode ini sebelas responden diminta untuk menggambarkan sketsa peta area Ubud dengan menunjukkan lima elemen kota menurut Kevin Lynch, yaitu landmark, node, path, district, dan edge. Dari sebelas cognitive map yang tergambar, didapatkan hasil bahwa Ubud memiliki citra kawasan sebagai kawasan wisata yang masih memegang kuat budayanya. Hal ini ditunjukkan melalui perempatan Ubud dan Monkey Forest sebagai elemen spasial yang tertanam kuat dalam kognisi responden.IMAGE OF UBUD BALI BASED ON COGNITIVE MAP OF THE DWELLERS Various regions in Indonesia have many attractive tourism potentials and are visited by tourists from various countries. One of them is the area of Ubud, Bali, which has many tourist destinations and continues to grow to meet the needs of tourism. This rapidly growing tourism will raise some concerns about uncontrolled urban density and the alteration of Ubud’s image as a peaceful and natural rural area. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out the image of Ubud based on the dwellers’ spatial cognition, which is drawn through their cognitive maps. This image of Ubud is expected to be used as a consideration for the development of the Ubud area. The research was conducted in the area of Ubud, Gianyar, Bali, and used cognitive mapping as the research method. Through this method, eleven respondents were asked to sketch the maps of Ubud area by showing five city’s elements, according to Kevin Lynch. Those elements are landmark, node, path, district, and edge. From eleven cognitive maps drawn, the obtained result is that Ubud has the image of a tourist area that still holds a strong culture. This is shown through the intersection of Ubud and Monkey Forest as spatial elements that are firmly embedded in the respondents’ spatial cognition.

On Trees and Triviality Traps: Locating the Debate on the Contribution of Cognitive Mapping to Organizational Research

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Daniels ◽  
Gerry Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Similarity Ratings ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Global Similarity

In his critique of Daniels et al. (2002), Hodgkinson (2001a) raises a number of issues concerning the use and comparison of ideographic cognitive maps. Hodgkinson claims that there are problems associated with global similarity ratings, and that ideographic methods should be replaced by methods that have some nomothetic component. In reply, we show that the specific issues raised by Hodgkinson are not at all problematic in the context of the research questions addressed by Daniels et al. We examine Hodgkinson's proposed alternative and explain why it would not be appropriate for the questions addressed by Daniels et al. We then argue that Hodgkinson' s approach, far from being a panacea for problems in cognitive mapping research, will deflect from the issues of real debate in this area.

Emergence of critical climate states during the Pleistocene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Golledge
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Pleistocene Climate ◽  
System Nodes ◽  
Systems Framework

<p>During the Pleistocene (approximately 2.6 Ma to present) glacial to interglacial climate variability evolved from dominantly 40 kyr cyclicity (Early Pleistocene) to 100 kyr cyclicity (Late Pleistocene to present). Three aspects of this period remain poorly understood: Why did the dominant frequency of climate oscillation change, given that no major changes in orbital forcing occurred? Why are the longer glacial cycles of the Late Pleistocene characterised by a more asymmetric form with abrupt terminations? And how can the Late Pleistocene climate be controlled by 100 kyr cyclicity when astronomical forcings of this frequency are so much weaker than those operating on shorter periods? Here we show that the decreasing frequency and increasing asymmetry that characterise Late Pleistocene ice age cycles both emerge naturally in dynamical systems in response to increasing system complexity, with collapse events (terminations) occuring only once a critical state has been reached. Using insights from network theory we propose that evolution to a state of criticality involves progressive coupling between climate system 'nodes', which ultimately allows any component of the climate system to trigger a globally synchronous termination. We propose that the climate state is synchronised at the 100 kyr frequency, rather than at shorter periods, because eccentricity-driven insolation variability controls mean temperature change globally, whereas shorter-period astronomical forcings only affect the spatial pattern of thermal forcing and thus do not favour global synchronisation. This dynamical systems framework extends and complements existing theories by accomodating the differing mechanistic interpretations of previous studies without conflict.</p>

scholarly journals Bilingual cognitive map in the space of teaching public administration: a russian case

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Mariia Rubtcova ◽  
Oleg Pavenkov ◽  
Vladimir Pavenkov
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Bilingual Programs ◽  
Closed Area ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Map Approach

The introduction of bilingual programs for future bureaucrats turned out to be a great challenge. In Russia this is one of the “classic” areas, in which the spirit of conservatism and collectivism prevails. In this area, the idea of teaching in English may be perceived with hatred: English can invade the closed area communication of offi cials, to make the excessive diversity of their contacts and violate patriotism and national identity. We used a cognitive map approach. It allows us to create diff erent kinds of cognitive maps and teaching materials for university students who need to learn in one course the terminology in both languages. The results show that the study of the subject/course in English is not harmful to the development of professional Russian language. It was confi rmed by the individual discussion in Russian. At the same time, the skills of reading articles in English were signifi cantly improved.

COVID-19 ORDER PARAMETERS AND ORDER PARAMETER TIME CONSTANTS OF ITALY AND CHINA: A MODELING APPROACH BASED ON SYNERGETICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 589-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Order Parameters ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Model Spaces ◽  
Systems Framework

From a dynamical systems perspective, COVID-19 infectious disease emerges via an instability in human populations. Accordingly, the human population free of COVID-19 infected individuals is an unstable state and the dynamics away from that unstable state is a bifurcation. Recent research has determined COVID-19 relevant bifurcation parameters for various countries in terms of basic reproduction ratios. However, little is known about the relevant order parameters (synergetics) of COVID-19 bifurcations and the corresponding time constants. Those order parameters describe directions in compartment model spaces in which infection dynamics initially evolves. The corresponding time constants describe the speed of the dynamics along those directions. COVID-19 order parameters and their time constants are derived within a standard SEIR dynamical systems framework and determined explicitly for two published studies on COVID-19 trajectories in Italy and China. The results suggest the existence of certain relationships between order parameters, time constants, and reproduction ratios. However, the examples from Italy and China also suggest that COVID-19 order parameters and time constants in general depend on regional differences and the stage of the local COVID-19 epidemic under consideration. These findings may help to improve the forecasting of COVID-19 outbreaks in new hotspots around the world.

Differences in Spatial Knowledge of Individuals With Blindness When Using Audiotactile Maps, Using Tactile Maps, and Walking

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadopoulos ◽  
Marialena Barouti ◽  
Eleni Koustriava
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Tactile Maps ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Blind Individuals

To examine how individuals with visual impairments understand space and the way they develop cognitive maps, we studied the differences in cognitive maps resulting from different methods and tools for spatial coding in large geographical spaces. We examined the ability of 21 blind individuals to create cognitive maps of routes in unfamiliar areas using (a) audiotactile maps, (b) tactile maps, and (c) direct experience of movement along the routes. We also compared participants’ cognitive maps created with the use of audiotactile maps, tactile maps, and independent movement along the routes with regard to their precision (i.e., the correctness or incorrectness of spatial information location) and inclusiveness (i.e., the amount of spatial information included correctly in the cognitive map). The results of the experimental trials demonstrated that becoming familiar with an area is easier for blind individuals when they use a tactile aide, such as an audiotactile map, as compared with walking along the route.

The ontogeny of a mammalian cognitive map in the real world

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6500) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Harten ◽  
Amitay Katz ◽  
Aya Goldshtein ◽  
Michal Handel ◽  
Yossi Yovel
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
In The Wild

How animals navigate over large-scale environments remains a riddle. Specifically, it is debated whether animals have cognitive maps. The hallmark of map-based navigation is the ability to perform shortcuts, i.e., to move in direct but novel routes. When tracking an animal in the wild, it is extremely difficult to determine whether a movement is truly novel because the animal’s past movement is unknown. We overcame this difficulty by continuously tracking wild fruit bat pups from their very first flight outdoors and over the first months of their lives. Bats performed truly original shortcuts, supporting the hypothesis that they can perform large-scale map-based navigation. We documented how young pups developed their visual-based map, exemplifying the importance of exploration and demonstrating interindividual differences.

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