scholarly journals Ventral prefrontal serotonin 1A receptor binding: neural marker of resilience in individuals with high familial risk for mood disorder and suicidal behavior?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiro Pantazatos ◽  
Nadine M. Melhem ◽  
David Brent ◽  
Francesca Zanderigo ◽  
Elizabeth Bartlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Serotonin 1A Receptor ◽  
Total N

BACKGROUND: Mood disorders and suicidality have moderate heritability and are associated with altered corticolimbic serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) binding potential. However, it is unclear whether these alterations reflect heritable risk or resilience markers, compensatory mechanisms, or illness-related changes as 5-HT1A binding has never been reported in unaffected high risk individuals (HR) who have passed through the age of greatest risk for psychopathology onset. METHODS: PET imaging quantified brain 5-HT1A binding potential BPND using [11C]CUMI-101 in healthy volunteers (HV) and three groups with one or more relatives with early-onset mood disorder and suicide attempt: 1. HR individuals; 2. HR individuals with a lifetime mood disorder (HR-MOOD); and 3. HR-MOOD individuals with lifetime history of suicide attempt (HR-MOOD/SA). Two additional studies included HV, individuals with low familial risk and current mood disorder (MOOD) and MOOD with lifetime suicide attempt (MOOD/SA) to identify differences persisting across independent cohorts (total N=185: 59 HV, 23 HR, 64 HR-MOOD or MOOD, and 39 HR-MOOD/SA or MOOD/SA). Univariate analysis tested for regional differences and multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) tested whether 5-HT1A BPND could distinguish HV, HR, HR-MOOD and HR-MOOD/SA. RESULTS: Low ventral prefrontal 5-HT1A BPND in lifetime MOOD/SA vs. HV and HR was consistently observed across study populations. MVPA distinguished HV from HR-MOOD/SA with informative regions in ventral prefrontal and temporal cortex (peak out-of-sample area under the ROC curve=0.74, p<0.001 corrected). MOOD alone groups did not consistently differ from HV groups. CONCLUSIONS: Low ventral prefrontal 5-HT1A BPND may reflect suicide-related pathology. Further studies are needed to determine if higher ventral prefrontal 5-HT1A BPND may confer resilience for developing suicidal behavior in the context of mood disorders. If so, it could be a potential suicide prevention target.

scholarly journals Brain 5-HT1A Receptor PET Binding, Cortisol Responses to Stress, and the Familial Transmission of Suicidal Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine M Melhem ◽  
Yongqi Zhong ◽  
Jeffrey M Miller ◽  
Francesca Zanderigo ◽  
R Todd Ogden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cortisol Responses

Abstract Background The serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor has been implicated in depression and suicidal behavior. Lower resting cortisol levels are associated with higher 5-HT1A receptor binding, and both differentiate suicide attempters with depression. However, it is not clear whether 5-HT1A receptor binding and cortisol responses to stress are related to familial risk and resilience for suicidal behavior. Methods [ 11C]CUMI-101 PET imaging to quantify regional brain 5-HT1A receptor binding was conducted in individuals considered to be at high-risk for mood disorder or suicidal behavior on the basis of having a first or second degree relative(s) with an early onset mood disorder and history of suicidal behavior. These high-risk subjects were subdivided into: high-risk resilient having no mood disorder or suicidal behavior (HR-R, n=29); high-risk with mood disorder and no suicidal behavior history (HR-MOOD n=31); and high-risk with mood disorder and suicidal behavior (HR-SA/MOOD, n=25). Groups were compared to healthy volunteers without a family history of mood disorder or suicidal behavior (HV, n=34). Participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST). All subjects were free from psychotropic medications at the time of the TSST and PET scanning. Results We observed no group differences in 5-HT1A receptor binding considering all regions simultaneously, nor did we observe heterogeneity of the effect of group across regions. These results were similar across outcome measures (BPND for all subjects and BPp in a subset of the sample), and definitions of regions of interest (ROIs; standard or serotonin system-specific ROIs). We also found no group differences on TSST outcomes. Within HR-SA/MOOD, lower BPp binding [β=-0.084, Standard Error or SE=0.038, p=0.048] and higher cortisol reactivity to stress [β=9.25, 95% CI (3.27,15.23), p=0.004] were associated with higher lethality attempts. There were no significant relationships between 5-HT1A binding and cortisol outcomes. Conclusions 5-HT1A receptor binding in ROIs was not linked to familial risk or resilience protecting against suicidal behavior or mood disorder although it may be related to lethality of suicide attempt. Future studies are needed to better understand the biological mechanisms implicated in familial risk for suicidal behavior and how HPA axis function influences such risk.

Brain 5-HT1A Receptor PET Binding, Cortisol Responses to Stress, and the Familial Transmission of Suicidal Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Melhem ◽  
Yongqi Zhong ◽  
Jeffrey Miller ◽  
Francesca Zanderigo ◽  
R Todd Ogden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Cortisol Responses

Serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor has been implicated in depression and suicidal behavior. Lower resting cortisol levels are associated with higher 5-HT1A receptor binding, and both differentiate suicide attempters. However, it is not clear whether 5-HT1A receptor binding and cortisol responses to stress are related to risk and resilience for suicidal behavior. [11C]CUMI-101 PET imaging to quantify regional brain 5-HT1A receptor binding was conducted in high-risk individuals, having a first or second degree relative(s) with an early onset mood disorder and history of suicidal behavior, and subdivided into: high-risk resilient having no mood disorder or suicidal behavior (HR-R, n=29); high-risk with mood disorder (HR-MOOD n=31); and high-risk with mood disorder and suicidal behavior (HR-SA/MOOD, n=25). Groups were compared to healthy volunteers (HV, n=34). Participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST). We observed no group differences in 5-HT1A receptor binding considering all regions simultaneously, nor did we observe heterogeneity of the effect of group across regions. These results were similar across outcome measures (BPND and BPp in a subset of the sample), and definitions of regions of interest (ROIs; standard or serotonin-specific ROIs). We also found no group differences on TSST outcomes. Within HR-SA/MOOD, lower BPp binding [=-0.084, Standard Error or SE=0.038, p=0.048] and higher cortisol reactivity to stress [=9.25, 95% CI (3.27,15.23), p=0.004] were associated with higher lethality attempts. There were no significant relationships between 5-HT1A binding and cortisol outcomes. In conclusion, 5-HT1A receptor binding in ROIs was not linked to familial risk or resilience protecting against suicidal behavior or mood disorder although it may be related to lethality of suicide attempt. Future studies are needed to better understand the biological mechanisms implicated in familial risk for suicidal behavior and how HPA axis function influences such risk.

564. Serotonin 1A Receptor Binding in Brain and Neurocognitive Characteristics of Mood Disorder Patients with and without Suicide Attempt

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanga Galfalvy ◽  
Weijia Fan ◽  
John Keilp ◽  
J. John Mann ◽  
Maria Oquendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Serotonin 1A Receptor

Suicidal Behavior in Four Ethnic Groups in The Hague, 2002–2004

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Burger ◽  
Albert M. van Hemert ◽  
Willem J. Schudel ◽  
Barend J.C. Middelkoop
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Psychiatric Department

Background: Suicidal behavior is a severe public health problem. Aims: To determine the rates of attempted and completed suicide among ethnic groups in The Hague, The Netherlands (2002–2004). Methods: By analyzing data on attempted and completed suicide (from the psychiatric department of general medical hospitals; the psychiatric emergency service and the municipal coroners). Results: Turkish and Surinamese females aged 15–24 years were at highest risk for attempted suicide (age-specific rate 545 / 100,000 and 421 / 100,000 person-years, respectively). Both rates were significantly higher than in the same age group of Dutch females (246 / 100,000 person-years). Turkish (2%) and Surinamese (7%) had lower repeat suicide-attempt rates than did Dutch (16%) females aged 15–24. Significantly lower suicide-attempt rates were found for Surinamese than for Dutch females aged 35–54 years. Differences were not explained by socioeconomic living conditions. The ratio fatal/nonfatal events was 4.5 times higher in males than in females and varied across age, gender, and ethnicity strata. Completed suicide was rare among migrant females. No completed suicides were observed in the Turkish and Surinamese females aged 15–24 years. Conclusions: The study demonstrates a high risk of attempted suicide and a low risk of completed suicide among young Turkish and Surinamese females.

Interactive Effects of Acute Suicidal Affective Disturbance and Pain Persistence on Suicide Attempt Frequency and Lethality

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Thomas E. Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Affective Disturbance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Acute suicidal affective disturbance (ASAD) has been proposed as a suicide-specific entity that confers risk for imminent suicidal behavior. Preliminary evidence suggests that ASAD is associated with suicidal behavior beyond a number of factors; however, no study to date has examined potential moderating variables.  Aims: The present study tested the hypotheses that physical pain persistence would moderate the relationship between ASAD and (1) lifetime suicide attempts and (2) attempt lethality. Method: Students ( N = 167) with a history of suicidality completed self-report measures assessing the lifetime worst-point ASAD episode and the presence of a lifetime suicide attempt, a clinical interview about attempt lethality, and a physical pain tolerance task. Results: Physical pain persistence was a significant moderator of the association between ASAD and lifetime suicide attempts ( B = 0.00001, SE = 0.000004, p = .032), such that the relationship between ASAD and suicide attempts strengthened at increasing levels of pain persistence. The interaction between ASAD and pain persistence in relation to attempt lethality was nonsignificant ( B = 0.000004, SE = 0.00001, p = .765). Limitations: This study included a cross-sectional/retrospective analysis of worst-point ASAD symptoms, current physical pain perception, and lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusion: ASAD may confer risk for suicidal behavior most strongly at higher levels of pain persistence, whereas ASAD and pain perception do not influence attempt lethality.

scholarly journals The Role of Past Suicidal Behavior on Current Suicidality: A Retrospective Study in the Israeli Military

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Leah Shelef ◽  
Jessica M Rabbany ◽  
Peter M Gutierrez ◽  
Ron Kedem ◽  
Ariel Ben Yehuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Significant Difference

Past suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for future suicidality. Therefore, the present military-based study examined the past suicidal behavior of soldiers who recently made a severe suicide attempt. Our sample consisted of 65 active-duty soldiers (61.5% males), between the ages of 18 and 28 years old (M = 20.4, SD ± 1.3). The inclusion criterion was a recent severe suicide attempt, requiring at least a 24 h hospitalization. This sample was divided into two groups, according to previous suicidal behavior, namely whether their first suicide attempt was before or after enlistment (n = 25; 38.5% and n = 40; 61.5%, respectively). We then examined the lethality and intent of the recent event in regard to this division. Four measures were used to assess the subjects’ suicidal characteristics: the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. No significant difference in the severity of the suicide attempts (either actual or potential severity) were found between those who had suicide attempts before enlistment and those who had their first attempt in the service. As a matter of fact, most of the suicide attempts that occurred for the first time during military service had used a violent method (58.3%, n = 21). Finally, using multivariate analyses, we found that current thoughts and behavior, rather than past suicidality, was the strongest predictor for the lethality of suicide attempts.

Nearly Lethal Resuscitated Suicide Attempters Have No Low Serum Levels of Cholesterol and Triglycerides

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
David Lester ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Paolo Girardi ◽  
Roberto Tatarelli
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Lower Serum Cholesterol

To verify the hypothesis that suicide attempts are associated with lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of patients with mood disorders, 26 patients with mood disorders (bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder) were admitted after a medically serious suicide attempt to the emergency department and then hospitalized in the psychiatric unit of the Sant'Andrea Hospital (Rome, Italy). Controls were 87 patients who had not made a recent suicide attempt. Attempters and nonattempters did not differ in the levels of serum cholesterol or triglycerides. Indeed, attempters had nonsignificantly higher serum levels of cholesterol and lower serum levels of triglycerides. The use of biologic indicators such as levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in the prediction of suicide risk in mood disorders was not fully supported from this small sample.

scholarly journals Chromosome 22 Deletions and Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ali Bani-Fatemi ◽  
Christopher Adanty ◽  
Nasia Dai ◽  
Ariel Graff ◽  
Philip Gerretsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Copy Number Variant ◽  
Chromosome 22 ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Studies have shown that the overall copy number variant (CNV) load is associated with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is frequently associated with suicidal behavior. Methods: We recruited 263 patients with schizophrenia from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to assess the presence of lifetime suicide attempt. Genotyping was completed using the Illumina Omni 2.5 chip. We tested the association between deletion events on chromosome 22 with suicide attempt in our schizophrenia sample. Results: There was no significant difference between suicide attempters and non-attempters considering the presence/absence of deletion events on chromosome 22. Conclusion: Although our results did not show a significant association between deletions on chromosome 22 and suicide attempt in schizophrenia, CNV studies may reveal important, novel insights and open further investigation for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.

Emotional cognition subgroups in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with mood disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hanne Lie Kjærstad ◽  
Cristina Varo ◽  
Iselin Meluken ◽  
Eduard Vieta ◽  
Maj Vinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Markers ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Probe Test ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Emotional Cognition

Abstract Background Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit difficulties with emotional cognition even during remission. There is evidence for aberrant emotional cognition in unaffected relatives of patients with these mood disorders, but studies are conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether emotional cognition in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with mood disorders is characterised by heterogeneity using a data-driven approach. Methods Data from 94 unaffected relatives (33 of MDD patients; 61 of BD patients) and 203 healthy controls were pooled from two cohort studies. Emotional cognition was assessed with the Social Scenarios Test, Facial Expression Recognition Test and Faces Dot-Probe Test. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using emotional cognition data from the 94 unaffected relatives. The resulting emotional cognition clusters and controls were compared for emotional and non-emotional cognition, demographic characteristics and functioning. Results Two distinct clusters of unaffected relatives were identified: a relatively ‘emotionally preserved’ cluster (55%; 40% relatives of MDD probands) and an ‘emotionally blunted’ cluster (45%; 29% relatives of MDD probands). ‘Emotionally blunted’ relatives presented with poorer neurocognitive performance (global cognition p = 0.010), heightened subsyndromal mania symptoms (p = 0.004), lower years of education (p = 0.004) and difficulties with interpersonal functioning (p = 0.005) than controls, whereas ‘emotionally preserved’ relatives were comparable to controls on these measures. Conclusions Our findings show discrete emotional cognition profiles that occur across healthy first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and BD. These emotional cognition clusters may provide insight into emotional cognitive markers of genetically distinct subgroups of individuals at familial risk of mood disorders.

Obtaining a Family Psychiatric History: Is it Worth the Effort?

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Remick ◽  
Adele D. Sadovnick ◽  
Boris Gimbarzevsky ◽  
Raymond W. Lam ◽  
Athanasios P. Zis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generated Family ◽  
Index Cases

The purpose of this study was to determine whether, for first-degree relatives of patients presenting to a mood disorders clinic, family history information on psychiatric conditions collected by a psychiatrist and incorporated into the patient's medical records is as informative as that gathered during an interview specifically designed to collect family history data. The study group consisted of 472 first-degree relatives of 78 randomly selected index cases from a large mood disorders genetic database. Family history of psychiatric disorders recorded in regular psychiatric medical records (“clinician history”), and data obtained by a genetic counsellor administering specific family psychiatric history questionnaires to patients and multiple family informants (“family history”) were compared using a kappa statistic. Good agreement between the two methods on the presence or absence of a psychiatric disorder was found among first-degree relatives of index cases, but poor agreement was found with respect to the presence or absence of a specific mood disorder diagnosis(es) in a relative. The results suggest that a clinician-generated family psychiatric history is sensitive to the presence or absence of a psychiatric disorder when compared to a more structured detailed genetic interview. However, for research purposes, a clinician-generated family psychiatric history of a specific mood disorder diagnosis, without supporting collateral information, may not be reliable for use in supporting a mood disorder diagnosis in a patient and/or his relatives.

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