scholarly journals The Role of Past Suicidal Behavior on Current Suicidality: A Retrospective Study in the Israeli Military

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Leah Shelef ◽  
Jessica M Rabbany ◽  
Peter M Gutierrez ◽  
Ron Kedem ◽  
Ariel Ben Yehuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Significant Difference

Past suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for future suicidality. Therefore, the present military-based study examined the past suicidal behavior of soldiers who recently made a severe suicide attempt. Our sample consisted of 65 active-duty soldiers (61.5% males), between the ages of 18 and 28 years old (M = 20.4, SD ± 1.3). The inclusion criterion was a recent severe suicide attempt, requiring at least a 24 h hospitalization. This sample was divided into two groups, according to previous suicidal behavior, namely whether their first suicide attempt was before or after enlistment (n = 25; 38.5% and n = 40; 61.5%, respectively). We then examined the lethality and intent of the recent event in regard to this division. Four measures were used to assess the subjects’ suicidal characteristics: the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. No significant difference in the severity of the suicide attempts (either actual or potential severity) were found between those who had suicide attempts before enlistment and those who had their first attempt in the service. As a matter of fact, most of the suicide attempts that occurred for the first time during military service had used a violent method (58.3%, n = 21). Finally, using multivariate analyses, we found that current thoughts and behavior, rather than past suicidality, was the strongest predictor for the lethality of suicide attempts.

scholarly journals Chromosome 22 Deletions and Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ali Bani-Fatemi ◽  
Christopher Adanty ◽  
Nasia Dai ◽  
Ariel Graff ◽  
Philip Gerretsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Copy Number Variant ◽  
Chromosome 22 ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Studies have shown that the overall copy number variant (CNV) load is associated with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is frequently associated with suicidal behavior. Methods: We recruited 263 patients with schizophrenia from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to assess the presence of lifetime suicide attempt. Genotyping was completed using the Illumina Omni 2.5 chip. We tested the association between deletion events on chromosome 22 with suicide attempt in our schizophrenia sample. Results: There was no significant difference between suicide attempters and non-attempters considering the presence/absence of deletion events on chromosome 22. Conclusion: Although our results did not show a significant association between deletions on chromosome 22 and suicide attempt in schizophrenia, CNV studies may reveal important, novel insights and open further investigation for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.

scholarly journals Repetitive negative thinking about suicide: Associations with lifetime suicide attempts

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Teismann ◽  
Thomas Forkmann ◽  
Johannes Michalak ◽  
Julia Brailovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Negative Thinking

Background Repetitive negative thinking has been identified as an important predictor of suicide ideation and suicidal behavior. Yet, only few studies have investigated the effect of suicide-specific rumination, i.e., repetitive thinking about death and/or suicide on suicide attempt history. On this background, the present study investigated, whether suicide-specific rumination differentiates between suicide attempters and suicide ideators, is predictive of suicide attempt history and mediates the association between suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Method A total of 257 participants with a history of suicide ideation (55.6% female; Age M = 30.56, Age SD = 11.23, range: 18–73 years) completed online measures on suicidality, general and suicide-specific rumination. Results Suicide-specific rumination differentiated suicide attempters from suicide ideators, predicted suicide attempt status (above age, gender, suicide ideation, general rumination) and fully mediated the association between suicide ideation and lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusion Overall, though limited by the use of a non-clinical sample and a cross-sectional study design, the present results suggest that suicide-specific rumination might be a factor of central relevance in understanding transitions to suicidal behavior.

Understanding adolescent responses to differently worded suicide attempt questions: results from a large US pediatric sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Claire Hatkevich ◽  
Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan ◽  
David Brent ◽  
Bradley J. Barney ◽  
T. Charles Casper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Research Areas

Background Clinical assessments are a primary method for ascertaining suicide risk, yet the language used across measures is inconsistent. The implications of these discrepancies for adolescent responding are unknown, which is troubling as multiple research areas (i.e. on culture, mental health language, and suicide communication) indicate individuals from varying sociodemographic backgrounds may communicate differently regarding mental health concerns. The aims of the current study are to investigate whether a geographically diverse sample of adolescents respond differently to directly and indirectly phrased suicide attempt questions (i.e. directly phrased includes the term ‘suicide’ and indirectly asks about suicidal behavior without using ‘suicide’), and to examine whether sociodemographic factors and history of mental health service usage relate to endorsement differences. Methods Participants were N = 5909 adolescents drawn from the Emergency Department Screening for Teens at Risk for Suicide multi-site study. The lifetime suicide attempt was assessed with two items from an adapted version of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS; Posner et al., 2008): (1) a directly phrased question asking about ‘suicide attempts’ and (2) an indirectly phrased question providing the definition of an attempt. Results An adolescent majority (83.7%) consistently reported no lifetime suicide attempt across items, 10.1% consistently reported one or more lifetime attempts across items, and 6.2% of adolescents responded discordantly to the items. Conclusions Multivariable models indicated multiple demographic and mental health service variables significantly predicted discordant responding, with a notable finding being that father/stepfather education level at or below high school education predicted endorsing only the direct question.

scholarly journals Attentional Bias and Prediction of Attempted Suicide in Clinical and Non-clinical Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Elham Baghani ◽  
◽  
Ladan Fata ◽  
Mahdiyeh Salehi ◽  
Fariba Hasani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: the aim of the present research was to analyze the predictability of suicide attempts, based on attentional bias in a clinical and non-clinical population. Methods: 120 participants (77 females and 43 males) were intentionally selected in three diagnostic groups: clinical suicides, clinical non-suicides, and non-clinical ones (40 individuals in each group). They participated in the Suicide Stroop Task as well as the Beck Scale of Suicide Ideation (BSS). The attentional bias parameters, including reaction time and interference time, were computed and the data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Discriminant Analysis. Results: the results obtained from the multivariate analysis revealed that the variables of interference time did not have a significant indication for the three groups of individuals in suicide stroop (P<0.568; F=0.569), positive stroop (P<0.201; F=1.626), and negative stroop (P<0.863; F=0.147). However, in the case of reaction time, there was a significant difference in the values obtained for all the three groups in terms of suicide stroop (P<0.000; F=12.759), positive stroop (P<0.000; F=18.520), negative stroop (P<0.000; F=10.995), and neutral stroop (P<0.000; F=8.288). In addition, the results obtained from the discriminant analysis show that the variables of suicide ideation (0.822), reaction time in positive stroop (0.571), suicide stroop (0.470), negative stroop (0.438), and neutral stroop (0.376) were correspondingly crucial in predicting the behavior of the clinical suicide attempt, clinical non-suicide attempt, and non-clinical groups. Conclusion: We found that for suicide stroop, the clinical and non-clinical cases did not show a significant difference in terms of the interference effect; however, they differed in terms of reaction time. Therefore, it seems that using emotional stroop, attentional bias towards suicide-related topics is not dependent on the clinical situations, and other parameters, such as scoring methods should be considered. However, there is still a need to conduct more extensive studies.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Validity of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale for Lonely Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 925-925
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Mai ◽  
Emily Bower ◽  
Kimberly Van Orden
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
The Past

Abstract The risk of suicide death represents a significant problem facing older adults. They are less likely to disclose suicidal ideation (SI) and more likely to die from a suicide attempt compared to younger populations. Accurate screening tools for suicide risk are necessary to identify high-risk individuals who could benefit from intervention. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), considered the gold standard for clinician-administered suicide risk assessments, was not developed for use with older adults. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the C-SSRS’s sensitivity in capturing previous suicidal behavior (behavior subscale) and current intent (severity subscale), both of which are highly predictive of suicide in older adults. 105 adults 60 years and older (M=72.10, SD=9.16; 68.6% female) who endorsed loneliness or feeling like a burden in the past two weeks were enrolled in a larger controlled trial and completed baseline C-SSRS, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS), and Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (GSIS). Exclusion criteria included significant cognitive impairment. Concurrent validity will be evaluated using random-effects mixed linear regression to test associations between C-SSRS scores and GSIS and QIDS scores, respectively. Baseline responses indicate that 14.9% of participants reported at least one lifetime suicide attempt. Within the last month, 66.7% wished to be dead, 20% had active SI without a plan, 6.7% had active SI with some intent to act, and 6.7% had active SI with a specific plan and intent. Findings from this project will help guide safety assessment recommendations and inform interventions targeting older adult suicide risk.

Serious Suicide Attempts and Risk of Suicide Death

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Deepak Prabhakar ◽  
Edward L. Peterson ◽  
Yong Hu ◽  
Simran Chawa ◽  
Rebecca C. Rossom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Medical Visit ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: In the US, more than one million people attempt suicide each year. History of suicide attempt is a significant risk factor for death by suicide; however, there is a paucity of data from the US general population on this relationship. Aim: The objective of this study was to examine suicide attempts needing medical attention as a risk for suicide death. Method: We conducted a case–control study involving eight US healthcare systems. A total of 2,674 individuals who died by suicide from 2000 to 2013 were matched to 267,400 individuals by year and location. Results: Prior suicide attempt associated with a medical visit increases risk for suicide death by 39.1 times, particularly for women ( OR = 79.2). However, only 11.3% of suicide deaths were associated with an attempt that required medical attention. The association was the strongest for children 10–14 years old ( OR = 98.0). Most suicide attempts were recorded during the 20-week period prior to death. Limitations: Our study is limited to suicide attempts for which individuals sought medical care. Conclusion: In the US, prior suicide attempt is associated with an increased risk of suicide death; the risk is high especially during the period immediately following a nonlethal attempt.

Dissociation and Acquired Capability as Facilitators of Suicide Ideation Among Soldiers

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Shelef ◽  
Yossi Levi-Belz ◽  
Eyal Fruchter
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dramatic Rise ◽  
The Military

Background: The phenomenon of suicide and suicidal behaviors during military service is universal, with a recent dramatic rise in some armies. Aims: The aim of this study was to shed light on the role of dissociation and habituation as facilitators of suicidal behavior, beyond other well-established risk factors of stress, such as depression and hopelessness. Method: The study group included 167 soldiers, aged 18–21 years divided into three research groups: soldiers who made suicide attempts, soldiers who were psychologically treated, and a control group of soldiers having no history of mental health treatment. All subjects completed a suicide ideation scale and instruments measuring stress, mental pain, bodily dissociation, and habituation. Results: Suicide attempters had higher levels of subjective stress as well as depression and hopelessness compared with the psychologically treated and control groups. Using regression analysis, suicide facilitators of dissociation and habituation explained a significant proportion of the suicidal ideation variance, above and beyond the contribution of stress, depression, and hopelessness. A combined effect of stress and facilitating factors amplifies the level of suicidal ideation among soldiers. Conclusion: Identifying psychological facilitators of suicide-like dissociation and habituation may contribute to understanding suicidal behavior in soldiers and assist in developing effective suicide-prevention initiatives in the military setting.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Cohort Study of the Association Between the Level of Testosterone and Suicidal Ideation in the Hospitalized Adolescent Female With Depression in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Shaohua Wang ◽  
Chuang Xue ◽  
Xiwen Hu ◽  
Guoling Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Female

Abstract BackgroundTo date, around 4 per 100, 000 adolescent committed suicide within the 29 OECD countries. The suicidal behavior is related to psychological factors, genetics, neurobiology, and other biomarkers. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for the suicidal ideation, especially the association between suicide ideation and different levels of testosterone in the adolescent female with depression. The goal of this study is to aid the development of strategies to intervene the suicidal behavior for the depressed female adolescent. MethodIn this single center, prospective cohort study, we enrolled adolescent female with depression. We collected baseline demographic data, age adjusted level of testosterone, Symptom Self-rating Scale, and information about the suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicide attempt. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk factors for the suicidal ideation. ResultsTotal 113 hospitalized adolescent female enrolled with a mean age of 13.5 (1.20). Among these patients, there were 86 (76.1%) subjects suffered from the suicidal ideation, while 59 (52.2%) of them had NSSI and 23 (20.4%) had suicide attempt behavior. In the final model, higher level of testosterone (p = 0.04) and higher age (p = 0.02) were associated with the higher odds of having suicidal ideation.ConclusionIn this exploratory cohort study, suicidal ideation was prevalent. It is important to assess the level of testosterone in the adolescent female with depression. This study is consistent with the other studies. It shows the age is a potential predictor for the suicidal ideation in the hospitalized adolescent female with depression.

scholarly journals Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Military Service Members Hospitalized Following a Suicide Attempt versus Suicide Ideation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Brianne J. George ◽  
Sissi Ribeiro ◽  
Su Yeon Lee-Tauler ◽  
Allison E. Bond ◽  
Kanchana U. Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Walter Reed Army Medical ◽  
Risk Indicator

Psychiatric hospitalization for a suicide attempt (SA), rather than suicide ideation (SI) alone, is a stronger risk indicator for eventual suicide death. Yet, little is known about demographic and clinical characteristics differentiating those admitted for SA versus SI. Understanding these differences has implications for assessment and treatment. A retrospective review of electronic medical records (EMRs) was performed on service members (n = 955) admitted for SA or SI at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center between 2001–2006. Service members hospitalized for SA were younger compared to those hospitalized for SI. The proportion of women admitted for SA was significantly higher than those admitted for SI whereas their male counterparts showed the opposite pattern. Patients admitted for SA, versus SI, had significantly higher prevalence of adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance of emotion and conduct (MDEC), personality disorder not otherwise specified (PDNOS), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Patients admitted for SI had significantly higher prevalence of adjustment disorder with depressed mood and deferred Axis II diagnosis, compared to those admitted for SA. There were no significant between-group differences in the average or median number of documented prior suicide attempts. Findings highlight the need for more standardized assessment, diagnostic decision-making, and documentation practices for all patients.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Trauma Exposure and Psychiatric Hospitalization for Suicide Ideation or Suicide Attempt among Patients Admitted to a Military Treatment Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2729
Author(s):  
Arthur T. Ryan ◽  
Samantha E. Daruwala ◽  
Kanchana U. Perera ◽  
Su Yeon Lee-Tauler ◽  
Jennifer Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Childhood Neglect ◽  
Lifetime Trauma

Suicide attempts and psychiatric hospitalization represent the final outcomes of a complex dynamical system of interacting factors that influence a particular individual’s likelihood of engaging in suicidal behavior, as well as their ability to seek help prior to acting upon suicidal impulses. This study examined the association between different types of lifetime trauma exposure and the likelihood of psychiatric hospitalization following a suicide attempt (SA) rather than suicidal ideation (SI) alone. Electronic medical records for 1100 U.S. military service members and their dependents admitted to a military psychiatric inpatient setting for SA or SI were reviewed for documented lifetime trauma exposure history. Findings indicated that exposure to at least one childhood trauma of any type, and childhood neglect in particular, increased the likelihood that an individual would be hospitalized for SA rather than SI. Exploratory gender-stratified analyses demonstrated that childhood neglect, childhood sexual abuse, and adulthood traumatic loss may be linked with the likelihood of being hospitalized for SA. These findings demonstrate the importance of developing more detailed and nuanced conception of factors known to be associated with suicide as their effects may depend on details of their timing and nature, as well as their interactions with other systems.

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