Review: Violence, pathogens and inter-group relations. How evolutionary approaches can inform social neuroscience
Evolutionary and neuroscientific approaches to intergroup bias have been highly generative, but research has yet to consider how these two approaches can build on each other. Here, we review neuroscientific methods findings on intergroup bias. We then review the emerging perspective that views intergroup bias as a psychological adaptation to intergroup dynamics common in ancestral social ecologies. We conclude by considering evidence that collectivist and individualist cultures evolved in response to unique ecological threats. As such, members of each should be differentially susceptible to environmental cues connoting threats to physical safety and pathogens. We then propose future directions for neuroscientific research that assesses intergroup bias from an evolutionary perspective. Consideration of cultural factors should enable an understanding of intergroup bias, with proper consideration of how biology and psychology have adapted to the social environments faced in ancestral populations.