Analysis of the Impact of High-Speed Railway on County Economic Development Based on the Synthetic Control Method: The Hubei Province in China

Studying the impact of the high-speed railway (HSR) on economic growth has important practical significance and can provide a theoretical basis for government investment in infrastructure. In this study, the adoption of HSR was used for natural and rigorous exploration. Based on the panel data on counties in Hubei Province of China from 2001 to 2017, a synthetic control method was used to analyse the impact of HSR on the economic growth of county-level areas with different economic bases. The results showed that HSR had different influences on the economic development of county-level cities with different economic bases in the short term. The Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR had significantly promoted the gross domestic product (GDP) growth of Chibi City with a good economic foundation. The robustness test results revealed that the promoting effect was significant at a level of 3.7%. The Hefei-Wuhan section of the Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu HSR had significantly inhibited the GDP growth of Hong’an County by developing on a weak economic foundation. The robustness test results revealed that the inhibitory effect was significant at the level of 2.8%. However, the Hefei-Wuhan section had a stable and promoting effect on Macheng City. Based on the abovementioned conclusions, each county-level city should focus on long-term economic development, invest in HSR construction based on local conditions instead of blind expansion, make use of HSR to vigorously develop characteristic industries, and implement talent retention and introduction policies.

Webinar Socialization of Presidential Regulations Related to Digital Transformation and Strengthening Economic Foundations in Digitalization Era

The Industrial Revolution is indeed familiar, Indonesia has known that the 4.0 industrial revolution has existed since 2011 but has been implemented by the Indonesian government since 2019. Currently, Indonesia in terms of its economy often associates it with the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution is a change that occurs rapidly in the implementation of the production process or the way of making or increasing the use value of an item that originally used human power (traditional) to use machine tools (modern). The purpose of this community service is to help the community in implementing, being able to implement digitalization in everyday life and being able to develop it. People really need to know how important technology is in today's era. This activity is designed for 1 day starting with the socialization of presidential regulations on digital transformation, how to strengthen the economic foundation in the digitalization era and consumer behavior towards the digitalization era. The preparation for the socialization which was held through this webinar was preceded by coordination and communication with the Governor of the Riau Islands, the leadership of Bank Indonesia and the Head of the Doctoral Program in Human Resource Management at the University of Batam. The results of this activity are in line with what is expected, namely the activities carried out can help the community in preparing themselves and developing themselves in order to compete in the era of digitalization transformation. how to strengthen the economic foundation in the digitalization era and consumer behavior towards the digitalization era. The preparation for the socialization which was held through this webinar was preceded by coordination and communication with the Governor of the Riau Islands, the leadership of Bank Indonesia and the Head of the Doctoral Program in Human Resource Management at the University of Batam. The results of this activity are in line with what is expected, namely the activities carried out can help the community in preparing themselves and developing themselves in order to compete in the era of digitalization transformation. how to strengthen the economic foundation in the digitalization era and consumer behavior towards the digitalization era. The preparation for the socialization which was held through this webinar was preceded by coordination and communication with the Governor of the Riau Islands, the leadership of Bank Indonesia and the Head of the Doctoral Program in Human Resource Management at the University of Batam. The results of this activity are in line with what is expected, namely the activities carried out can help the community in preparing themselves and developing themselves in order to compete in the era of digitalization transformation.

Tantangan Technopreneur Bagi Umkm Di Kota Bogor Sebagai Strategi Bertahan Di Era Pandemi Covid-19

The creation of entrepreneurs (entrepreneurs) is an alternative solution to various problems in society such as poverty and social inequality, increasing unemployment of productive age and depletion of energy supply reserves, all of which require creative and innovative actions. Technopreneur, one part of the development of entrepreneurship (entrepreneur) provides an overview of entrepreneurship by using technology-based innovation. With the technopreneurship development model, it can provide benefits or impacts, both economically, socially and environmentally. Technopreneurs can be interpreted as job creators who will actively encourage Indonesia to have a strong and competitive economic foundation. Inclusive economic growth and sustainable development need to continue to receive attention and support from various groups, namely the support of the government, the private sector, the community and of course support from academics in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The economic impact is increasing efficiency and productivity, increasing income, creating new jobs and moving other economic sectors. Keywords: Entrepreneur, Technopreneur, MSME

India in the Post-Bipolar World: 30 Years of Searching the Place

The article analyzes the tools and mechanisms that Indian elites used to adapt the country’s foreign policy to the post-Cold War world order. We describe the internal political development of India over the past 30 years, noting that the general foreign and economic policies remained unchanged due to the political consensus. We analyze the desire of the Indian leadership to form a solid economic foundation, which is perceived in the framework of India’s strategic thought as a prerequisite for the country to claim the status of great power. Finally, we discuss the primary imperatives of the Indian external policy, i.e., building a sphere of influence necessary for the polycentric world. It is noted that India’s main external security challenges remain the same (China and Pakistan), although they have changed qualitatively: the PRC has become one of the superpowers, overtaking India in terms of economic development, and Pakistan acquired nuclear weapons. We conclude that, on the whole, the Indian elites managed to relatively safely lead the country through the chaos of the post-Cold War world, turning it into one of the largest economies in the world and providing the necessary conditions for raising its status in world politics.

The New Development and Modern Value of Engels’ Letters to Materialism in His Later Years

Historical materialism is one of Marx’s greatest discoveries, which is of great significance in the history of human social thought. In Engels’ later years, there was a new trend in the development of capitalist society, where letters became an important carrier for Engels to carry out theoretical research, propaganda and struggle. Engels’ letters in his later years paid full attention to the reaction to the superstructure of the economic foundation and the relative independence of ideology. In addition, it emphasizes that the theory should keep pace with the times, also puts forward and expounds the thought of “historical resultant force theory.” Furthermore, we firmly opposed dogmatism, contrarily adhered and developed scientific Marxism. Engels’ letters in his later years not only enriched and developed Marxist historical materialism, but also provided a strong theoretical basis for the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Mutual Gains From Eurasian Railway Connectivity

This paper analyzes the relationship between Eurasian rail services (especially the China–EU services that have flourished since 2011) and the overland “Belt” part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The initial market-driven stimulus was from car and electronics firms linking their East Asian and European production networks, and the establishment of Eurasian value chains remains an important theme. As regular rail freight services between China and Europe became more frequent, between more termini and offering more ancillary services, trade costs were reduced along the BRI Belt with mutual benefits for Asian and European countries. The paper first documents the growth and current status of the overland rail freight services; the sound economic foundation for the rail services and the continued growth of traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic indicate the sustainability of this part of the BRI. It then discusses the relationship of the Eurasian rail services to the wider BRI, emphasizing the importance of multiple routes and of connections to ports. Finally, the paper reviews the literature on the economic gains from improved rail connectivity and on the relationship between hard and soft infrastructure. The principal conclusion is that market-driven commercial incentives, public policies and the BRI have contributed to the success of the Belt mainlines and links to Indian Ocean ports are expected to integrate the currently separate Belt and Road.

Adoption Levels Against Farmer Cultivation Technology Soybean (Glycine Max L) On the Influence of Socio-economic foundation in the District of South Kualuh North Labuhan Batu Regency

In running a farming business in an agricultural production organization, farmers as actors and implementers carry out organizing agricultural cultivation, labor, and capital aimed at production in the agricultural field, whether based on profit or not. Cultivation of soybean (Glycine max L.) is the main commodity of legumes which is a national mainstay because the source of vegetable protein is important for food diversification in supporting national food security. Many factors influence farmers in farming, especially in terms of prioritizing optimal production results, including economic factors with capital control so that the expectation of greater profits from farming will be chosen when compared to other forms of farming. The research objective was to determine the level of farmer adoption of soybean cultivation technology and to determine the socio-economic effect of farmers on soybean cultivation technology in Sidua Dua Village, Kualuh Selatan District, North Labuhanbatu Regency. This research uses descriptive or quantitative methods by conducting survey methods. From the results of the study, it was found that the Farmer's Adoption Rate of Soybean Cultivation Technology (Glycine Max L) on the Influence of Socio-Economic Aspects in Kualuh Selatan District, North Labuhanbatu Regency was classified as moderate, soybean cultivation had not followed all the components of cultivation technology recommended by Field Agricultural Instructor and the level of adoption of soybean cultivation in Sidodadi village is influenced by age, level of education, length of farming, frequency of attending counseling.

Psychosocial risk factors for postpartum depression in Chinese women: a meta-analysis

BackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) has been identified as a recognized public health problem that may adversely affect mothers, infants, and family units. Recent studies have identified risk factors for PPD in Westerners; however, societal and cultural differences between China and the West could, potentially, lead to differences in risk factors for PPD. No comprehensive study has been conducted to collect all the evidence to provide estimates of psychological and social risk factors in China. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively assess all studies meeting the review’s eligibility criteria and identify the psychological and social risk factors for PPD in Chinese women.MethodsThe following databases were used in the literature search from their inception until December 2020: PubMed, Embase, Foreign Medical Literature Retrieval Service (FMRS), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM). The quality was assessed through Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The I2statistic was used to quantify heterogeneity. We extracted data for meta-analysis and generated pooled-effect estimates from a fixed-effects model. Pooled estimates from a random-effects model were also generated if significant heterogeneity was present. Funnel plot asymmetry tests were used to check for publication bias. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager version 5.3 software.ResultsFrom a total of 1175 identified studies, 51 were included in the analysis. Prenatal depression (OR 7.70; 95% CI 6.02–9.83) and prenatal anxiety (OR 7.07; 95% CI 4.12–12.13) were major risk factors for PPD. A poor economic foundation (OR 3.67; 95% CI 3.07–4.37) and a poor relationship between husband and wife (OR 3.56; 95% CI 2.95–4.28) were moderate risk factors. Minor risk factors included a poor relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law (OR 2.89; 95% CI 2.12–3.95), a lack of social support (OR 2.57; 95% CI 2.32–2.85), unplanned pregnancy (OR 2.55; 95% CI 2.08–3.14), and poor living conditions (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.92–3.10), mother-in-law as the caregiver (1.95; 95% CI 1.54–2.48) .ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a number of psychological and social risk factors for PPD in Chinese women. The major and moderate risk factors are prenatal depression, prenatal anxiety, a poor economic foundation, and a poor relationship between husband and wife. These findings have potential implications for informing preventive efforts and modifying screening to target at-risk populations.

The Economic Foundation of Library Copyright Strategies in Europe

The author critically examines the evolution of open access libraries from the TULIP project (1991) to more recent developments. At the same time, he emphasises the role of libraries as key agents of national book policies through Public Lending Rights. After having shown the difference between the scholarly communication and the book chains, both in printed and digital form, the author points to the position that libraries hold on the distribution segment of the chains and how they are unable to turn power relations among actors to their own advantage. If content if king, organisations distributing content are normally king-makers, as the example of STM publishers clearly shows. Nevertheless, fragmentation and the assumption that what is good for libraries is also good for users do not allow libraries to understand the needs of the different stakeholders present in the value chain and provide appropriate services to them. This aspect is emphasised further in the book trade, where libraries have been hesitant in realising the economic foundation of copyright regulations which consists of trading off “the costs of limiting access to a work against the benefits of providing incentives to create the work in the first place” (Landes & Posner). After having examined library copyright strategies both in the book trade and in scholarly communication with a thorough discussion on (e-)lending and controlled digital lending, the author claims that copyright regulations are not written in the sky but on a solid foundation of economic forces which shape the book and information chains. Libraries’ strategies should aim to reinforce their relevance in the distribution segment and demonstrate their ability to provide services to all actors in the value chain. This role should also impact on the normalisation of library-publisher relations.

Some Thoughts on the Teaching Content of Mineral Resources Economics

Based on the teaching practice of mineral resources economics, this article believes that a certain economic foundation is an indispensable condition for learning mineral resource economics well for the students of geology majors, and the teaching content of mineral resources economics must include the basic knowledge of economics; Mining resource management is an indispensable content for constructing a knowledge system of economic analysis and evaluation of mineral resources. The teaching content of mineral resource economics should include the sustainable use of mineral resources and the environmental protection. In order to meet the needs of society, the teaching content of mineral resources economics must be updated in time.