Two Social Environments in a Working Day: Occupation and Spatial Segregation in Metropolitan Tel Aviv

10.1068/a3452 ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1765-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orna Blumen ◽  
Iris Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Working Day ◽  
And Gender

The concepts of segregation and social distance have long been used to explain the social environment of stratified residential space. However, the social significance of occupation, though acknowledged, has rarely been applied spatially. In this study, we employed these three concepts to examine the social environment of the entire metropolitan employment space as defined by job location. Smallest space analysis was used to identify and compare the sociospatial segregation produced by workers' occupational distribution in employment and residential spheres. This empirical study focused on metropolitan Tel Aviv, Israel's largest urban area, using the latest available national census. Our findings show that the social milieu of employment differed from that of residence: blue-collar workers were segregated from white-collar workers; managers, clerks, and salespersons formed the core group; and gender and ethnic divisions characterised the sociospatial realm of employment. Overall, most employees changed their social environment when they went to work. The study indicates that spatial segregation, within each sphere and between the two spheres, is intrinsic to the capitalist – patriarchal order.

scholarly journals Reconsidering Relational Autonomy. Personal Autonomy for Socially Embedded and Temporally Extended Selves

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Relational Autonomy ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMost recent accounts of personal autonomy acknowledge that the social environment a person lives in, and the personal relationships she entertains, have some impact on her autonomy. Two kinds of conceptualizing social conditions are traditionally distinguished in this regard: Causally relational accounts hold that certain relationships and social environments play a causal role for the development and on-going exercise of autonomy. Constitutively relational accounts, by contrast, claim that autonomy is at least partly constituted by a person’s social environment or standing. The central aim of this paper is to raise the question how causally and constitutively relational approaches relate to the fact that we exercise our autonomy over time. I argue that once the temporal scope of autonomy is opened up, we need not only to think differently about the social dimension of autonomy. We also need to reconsider the very distinction between causally and constitutively relational accounts, because it is itself a synchronic (and not a diachronic) distinction.

scholarly journals Early and adult social environments have independent effects on individual fitness in a social vertebrate

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1813) ◽  
pp. 20151167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vérane Berger ◽  
Jean-François Lemaître ◽  
Dominique Allainé ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
Aurélie Cohas
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Effects

Evidence that the social environment at critical stages of life-history shapes individual trajectories is accumulating. Previous studies have identified either current or delayed effects of social environments on fitness components, but no study has yet analysed fitness consequences of social environments at different life stages simultaneously. To fill the gap, we use an extensive dataset collected during a 24-year intensive monitoring of a population of Alpine marmots ( Marmota marmota ), a long-lived social rodent. We test whether the number of helpers in early life and over the dominance tenure length has an impact on litter size at weaning, juvenile survival, longevity and lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of dominant females. Dominant females, who were born into a group containing many helpers and experiencing a high number of accumulated helpers over dominance tenure length showed an increased LRS through an increased longevity. We provide evidence that in a wild vertebrate, both early and adult social environments influence individual fitness, acting additionally and independently. These findings demonstrate that helpers have both short- and long-term effects on dominant female Alpine marmots and that the social environment at the time of birth can play a key role in shaping individual fitness in social vertebrates.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Environment on the Sexual Self-Regulation of University Students in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Musa Muwaga ◽  
Fuad Nashori ◽  
Achmad Sholeh
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Most societies consider sexual self-regulation to represent a general temptation control mechanism, postponing gratification. This study aims to determine the social environment's impact on university students' sexual self-regulation in Uganda. The data were obtained using convenience technique sampling of undergraduate students at university "X" in Uganda. Students voluntarily completed the questionnaire in a regular classroom setting. The questionnaire elicited information regarding sexual regulative capacities like seeking accurate information from social environments like family, peer, and university environments. The data were analyzed using both univariate analyses (chi-square and analysis of variance and logistic regression. The results indicated that the social environment had a positive and significant relationship with sexual self-regulation and university students with a value of 1t1 ≥1.96, and factor loading≥0.50 was significant. These results should be considered by those working with university students in human sexuality and human development

scholarly journals Sport, masculinity and gender relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
ARNALDO SPALLACCI
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

The ideological and cultural approach towards sport has changed over time and must be linked with the changes in gender relations especially in the Western society. Therefore, the present paper brings to attention the relationship between men and exercise and discusses sport as an important practice for the cultural and physical construction of masculinity. The paper is a narrative analysis of the concept of sport and its socio-cultural significance over time, all presented in the context of gender relations. The analysis is based on information from European documents regarding sport and on statistical data at European level regarding the engagement of men and women in physical activities, with special attention paid to the case of Italy. Over time, the construction of masculinity has been subjected to many changes especially in Western Europe. Mainly, the transition was from the traditional dominant male figure, to the “new man”, interested in health and self-care. The social significance of sport has changed and participation in physical activity is no longer seen as a typical masculine practice being widely open to women as well. In this context, gender relations changed and masculinity now implies new dimensions.

scholarly journals Electronic Cigarette and Cigarette Social Environments and Ever Use of Each Product: A Prospective Study of Young Adults in Southern California

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Urman ◽  
Rob McConnell ◽  
Jennifer B Unger ◽  
Tess B Cruz ◽  
Jonathan M Samet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background A supportive youth cigarette social environment, for example, friends’ approval of use, leads to cigarette use initiation, and cigarette users develop a more supportive social environment. Whether there is a bidirectional relationship of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) social environment with e-cigarette use has not been studied. Methods Prospective data were collected from 1441 Children’s Health Study participants in 2014 (median age = 17.3 years) and at follow-up 1.5 years later. Associations were examined of (1) supportive e-cigarette social environment with subsequent e-cigarette use initiation and (2) baseline e-cigarette use with supportive e-cigarette social environment at follow-up (among those with a nonsupportive baseline social environment). Results Participants with three to four friends using e-cigarettes at baseline (vs. no friends) had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.08 of subsequent initiation (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96 to 8.49); those with best friends who would have a very friendly (vs. unfriendly) reaction to e-cigarette use had an OR of 2.54 of initiation (95% CI = 1.57 to 4.10); and those with someone in the home using e-cigarettes had an OR of 1.94 of initiation (95% CI = 1.19 to 3.15). Participants who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline developed a supportive social environment at follow-up (OR of 2.06 of having any friends who used e-cigarettes [95% CI = 1.29 to 3.30] and OR of 2.33 of having friends who were friendly toward use [95% CI = 1.32 to 4.11]). Similar bidirectional associations were observed between ever cigarette use and a supportive cigarette social environment. Conclusions The bidirectional relationship between a supportive e-cigarette social environment and ever use of e-cigarettes was similar to that previously observed between cigarette social environment and cigarette use. Implications Disrupting the social acceptability of youth e-cigarette use merits consideration as a strategy for preventing initiation of e-cigarette use, just as the social denormalization of cigarette use has proven to be effective in preventing cigarette initiation.

The Infectiousness of Crowds: Crowding Experiences Are Amplified by Pathogen Threats

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris M. Wang ◽  
Joshua M. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Danger ◽  
Negative Feelings

People sometimes perceive social environments as unpleasantly crowded. Previous work has linked these experiences to incidental factors such as being hungry or hot and to the relevance of the social environment for an individual’s current goals. Here, we demonstrate that crowding perceptions and evaluations also depend on specific, active threats for perceivers. Eight studies test whether infectious disease threats, which are associated with crowded conditions, increase such reactions. Across studies, pathogen threat made dense social environments seem more crowded and generated more negative affect toward these environments. These perceptions and negative feelings were more influenced by pathogen threat relative to other threats of physical danger. Finally, reactions to pathogen threat affected people’s choice of crowded versus uncrowded environments to inhabit. This research suggests that interpretations of social environments depend on the unique threats and opportunities those environments afford to individuals.

The Effect of Cyberbullying on Young People’s Wellbeing and Psychological Distress: The Moderating Role of the Social Environment. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Sutton ◽  
Debra J Rickwood
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender

BACKGROUND Cyberbullying is a relatively recent phenomenon, whose growth parallels that of modern communication technology. Research in this area has found that young people are highly vulnerable to experiencing cyberbullying and methods of reducing the negative impacts need to be investigated. OBJECTIVE In this study, the stress-buffering model has been applied, and it is predicted that social support and loneliness, two proximal elements of a young person’s social environment, will moderate the effects of cyberbullying on young people’s wellbeing and psychological distress. METHODS A computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) was administered to a nationally representative community sample of 4065 Australian young people aged 12 to 25 years. Measures included in this survey captured young people’s attitudes and experiences pertaining to their wellbeing, psychological distress, degree of social support, loneliness and exposure to cyberbullying. RESULTS Findings revealed that in this sample, cyberbullying prevalence is high, with 51% experiencing lifetime prevalence and 11% in the past month. Results from a series of ANOVAs indicated significant, but negligible, age and gender differences for cyberbullying, wellbeing, and psychological distress. Finally, moderation analyses indicated that the social environment did not moderate the relationship between cyberbullying and wellbeing and distress. CONCLUSIONS The significant but negligible nature of these findings highlights the necessity for further research in this field, focusing specifically on examining other aspects of the social environment which may buffer this relationship.

MASCULINE BODIES, SEXUALITIES AND SUBJECTIVITIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-108 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
White Collar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Office Worker ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
White Collar Workers

The increase in social inequality, which the author attributes to the spread of neoliberalism around the world, complicates the system of power relations between men, their bodies and sexualities. This leads to a differentiation of masculinities. Forty-three biographical interviews are applied to a critical rethinking of the configuration of power relations among male blue-collar and white-collar workers. The author concludes that work guides emotional relationships and consequently regulates the sexual life of men from both social environments. In addition, the regimes of industrial and office work generate different logical manipulations of male corporeality, which are carried over into the private sphere and employed in structuring masculine subjectivity. Physical skills and strength are the main factors on which blue-collar manual workers base their masculinity, while bodily representations and performance serve in that capacity for white-collar workers. This social differentiation in the structure of work results in uneven chances for creating a “successful” masculine subject. Male blue-collar workers call themselves “losers”, while white-collar workers perceive themselves as “successful” even though men from both environments are exploited. The physical labour of a blue-collar worker is alienated by the process of corporeal management on the job, while the body of a white-collar office worker is commoditized and becomes a sign in the system of symbolic exchange. At the same time, the research shows that the boundaries between social environments are becoming blurred and class consciousness is weakening. This allows both blue-collar workers and white-collar workers to follow similar sexual strategies which differ only in form and style. The masculine subjectivities of blue-collar and white-collar workers include the very same structural components derived from the traditional, liberal and new versions of masculinity, which are distinct in the means and forms of their expression.

scholarly journals Social Environment and Individual Differences in Feeding Behavior Are Associated with Risk of Endometritis in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Thompson ◽  
Kathryn L. Proudfoot ◽  
Becca Franks ◽  
Marina A.G. von Keyserlingk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feeding And Social Behavior

Our aim was to determine whether individual differences in feeding and social behavior in different social environments affect health outcomes in dairy cows. We used eight groups of four animals per treatment assigned to either a ‘predictable’ or an ‘unpredictable’ and competitive social environment. Predictable cows were given free access to six feed bins with no change in feed delivery times; whereas, the unpredictable cows were required to share one feed bin with one resident cow and morning feed was delayed 0, 1, 2, or 3 h every other day. On alternate days, the unpredictable cows were also re-assigned to a new bin and a new resident partner. Low daily dry matter intake (DMI) was a risk factor for cytological endometritis in predictable cows (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval): 0.17 (0.02, 0.53)), but low daily DMI was protective for unpredictable cows (OR: 1.93 (1.09, 4.14)). Although low rate of DMI (kg/min) was a risk factor for cytological endometritis for predictable cows (OR: 4.2 × 10−101 (8.6 × 10−206, 4.8 × 10−30)) it was unrelated to disease for unpredictable cows. There were no associations between feed bin visits or percentage of non-nutritive visits with the likelihood of cytological endometritis. This is the first evidence that individual differences in feeding behavior influence cytological endometritis risk in dairy cows, but the direction and magnitude of these effects is dependent on the social environment.

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