scholarly journals A Qualitative Systematic Review on the Application of the Normalisation of Deviance Phenomenon Within High-Risk Industries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejc Sedlar ◽  
Amy Irwin ◽  
Douglas Martins ◽  
Ruby Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Theoretical Application

The concept of normalisation of deviance describes the gradual acceptance of deviant observations and practices. It was first coined in the 1990’s following a detailed examination of the Challenger space shuttle disaster. The phenomenon is founded upon the gradual desensitisation to risk experienced by individuals or groups who recurrently deviate from standard operating procedure without encountering negative consequences. Since its inception, normalisation of deviance has seen extensive, but segmented, application across numerous high-risk industrial contexts. Application and research of the phenomenon across these contexts has not yet been synthesised, resulting in a gap within the present literature that limits our understanding of its theoretical application. Consequently, the current paper describes a systematic review of the existing literature on the topic of normalisation of deviance within high-risk industrial settings. The aim of the review was to obtain an understanding of the concept’s application and evolution, synthesise common findings, and identify the nature and limitations of current methodology. The review process identified 34 papers that met all inclusion criteria. Based on the review an initial conceptual framework was developed to encapsulate identified themes and their interactions; key themes linked to normalisation of deviance included risk normalisation, production pressure, culture, and a lack of negative consequences. While preliminary, the present framework offers relevant insights into the phenomenon that may help guide future analysis using primary data sources and aid in the development of intervention methods.

scholarly journals Barriers to Incident Reporting among Nurses: A Qualitative Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592199944
Author(s):  
Moataz Mohamed Maamoun Hamed ◽  
Stathis Konstantinidis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Incident Reporting ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Incident Reporting Systems ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Blame Culture ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Definition Of

Incident reporting in health care prevents error recurrence, ultimately improving patient safety. A qualitative systematic review was conducted, aiming to identify barriers to incident reporting among nurses. Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for qualitative systematic reviews was followed, with data extracted using JBI QARI tools, and selected studies assessed for methodological quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). A meta-aggregation synthesis was carried out, and confidence in findings was assessed using GRADE ConQual. A total of 921 records were identified, but only five studies were included. The overall methodological quality of these studies was good and GRADE ConQual assessment score was “moderate.” Fear of negative consequences was the most cited barrier to nursing incident reporting. Barriers also included inadequate incident reporting systems and lack of interdisciplinary and interdepartmental cooperation. Lack of nurses’ necessary training made it more difficult to understand the importance of incident reporting and the definition of error. Lack of effective feedback and motivation and a pervasive blame culture were also identified.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Adolescents’ Premarital Sexual Behaviour In Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat ◽  
Raja Nurul Najwa Raja Ismail ◽  
Faridah Jafri ◽  
Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli ◽  
Norliza Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Premarital Sexual

Abstract Background: Premarital sexual behaviours among adolescents and the associated negative consequences of teenage pregnancy is an increasing public health concerns in Malaysia. Despite the extensive research related to sexual and reproductive health of adolescents, the problems remain reflecting the possible poor understanding of the underlying causes contribute to the problem. This systematic review is aimed at critically evaluating the available evidence on the contributing factors related to premarital sexual behaviours among adolescents in Malaysia. Methods: Five databases; Scopus, MEDLINE/ PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct and Google Scholar were utilized to systematically searched related articles up to July 2018. Searching involved local quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies with premarital sexual behaviours among adolescents in Malaysia being the primary outcome. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study risks of bias.Results: We identified 1762 articles, of which only nine articles were included, which was dominated by six cross sectional studies. A total of 41 939 adolescents aged between 12 to 19 years old were included in this review. The prevalence of premarital sexual behaviours among adolescents was ranging between 2.9% to 8.3%, reported by history of ever had sex. Religiosity, attitude towards sexual urge (pornography and masturbation), high-risk behaviours (bullying, smoking and substance intake – alcohol and drugs) and parents-peers influence were main contributing factors identified to associate with premarital sexual behaviours.Conclusion: Negative attitude towards sexual urge and involvement in high risk behaviours put adolescents at higher risk of premarital sexual behaviour, while religious beliefs and reciprocal relationship between parents and peers influence may act as protective factors. However, more qualitative, and mixed methods studies needed to get in-depth understanding on the relationship between these factors and premarital sexual behaviours.

Effective Parental intervention strategies to reduce screen time among preschool-aged children: A systematic review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Raj ◽  
Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat ◽  
Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli ◽  
Norliza Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Parental Intervention

BACKGROUND The increasing screen time exposure among young children in general and the reported negative consequences associated with excessive ST, calls for focused strategies to reduce ST, especially among young children. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to identify effective parental intervention strategies to reduce ST among preschool children. METHODS A total of five databases, namely Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Medline Complete, PubMed, and Scopus, were searched for randomised controlled trials that involved intervention strategies in ST reduction among preschool children. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines were used. RESULTS A total of nine studies were assessed. The results showed that besides providing knowledge and awareness regarding ST, having restrictive practices, offering alternative activities to parents, and removal of screen from child’s bedroom were the most common strategies used by studies that reported successful intervention. Intervention duration of between six to eight weeks was sufficient to produce ST reduction. Face-to-face method was the commonest mode of delivery. Theoretical constructs that aimed at increasing parental self-efficacy, listing outcome expectations, and offering reinforcement of strategies that targeted both the parents and home environment were beneficial in reducing ST. CONCLUSIONS By offering appropriate strategies to parents, a reduction in the amount of ST was observed among the children. Future intervention studies could benefit in exploring culturally adapted strategies, especially in developing countries. Trials of higher quality would also facilitate the drawing of conclusions in future research. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO No: CRD42020199398

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