Accelerating the Acquisition of Expertise

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zach Hambrick ◽  
Alexander P. Burgoyne ◽  
Daisuke S. Katsumata
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Domain Selection ◽  
Development Of Expertise ◽  
Acquisition Of Expertise

What accounts for the striking variability in how readily people acquire expertise and the ultimate level of performance they attain? In this article, we discuss sources of individual differences in skill acquisition. We begin by describing a first-of-its-kind case study of golf expertise: Dan McLaughlin’s attempt to make the PGA Tour through deliberate practice. Contrasting engineered vs. ecological approaches to developing expertise, we then discuss three factors that may have contributed to McLaughlin’s inability to attain his goal: domain selection, starting age, and design of training. We conclude by discussing future directions for expertise research. With a better understanding of what accounts for variability across people in the development of expertise, it may be possible to accelerate the acquisition of expertise.

scholarly journals Broadening the problem agenda of biological individuality: individual differences, uniqueness and temporality

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie I. Kaiser ◽  
Rose Trappes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Biological Individuality ◽  
Problem Agenda

AbstractBiological individuality is a notoriously thorny topic for biologists and philosophers of biology. In this paper we argue that biological individuality presents multiple, interconnected questions for biologists and philosophers that together form a problem agenda. Using a case study of an interdisciplinary research group in ecology, behavioral and evolutionary biology, we claim that a debate on biological individuality that seeks to account for diverse practices in the biological sciences should be broadened to include and give prominence to questions about uniqueness and temporality. We show that broadening the problem agenda of biological individuality draws attention to underrecognized philosophical issues and discussions and thereby organizes and enriches the existing debate.

scholarly journals 2018: A Streaming Video Odyssey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anali Perry ◽  
Karen Grondin
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Streaming Video ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Implementation Plan ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Environmental Scan ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Navigation Strategies

In this case study, we reflect on our journey through a major revision of our streaming video reserve guidelines, informed by an environmental scan of comparable library services and current copyright best practices. Once the guidelines were revised, we developed an implementation plan for communicating changes and developing training materials to both instructors and internal library staff. We share our navigation strategies, obstacles faced, lessons learned, and ongoing challenges. Finally, we map out some of our future directions for improving and streamlining our services.  

scholarly journals PENERAPAN DIR FLOORTIME PADA ANAK DENGAN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SOSIAL

Psibernetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elita Kirana ◽  
Ediasri T Atmodiwirjo ◽  
Debora Basaria
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior

<p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>Children with autism have deficit characteristics in social communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, and limited interests or activities. As children grow and engage in a wider environment, this is become a problem because of the lack of social skills on children with autism. The purpose of this research is to improve the social skills of children with autism. There are several methods that can be applied to children with autism to improve their social skills. One of them is the DIR </em>(<em>Developmental, Individual Differences, &amp; Relationship Based</em>) <em>Floortime method. DIR Floortime aims to help children reach the stage of their emotional development through play activities. This type of research is a clinical case study, involving two middle childhood boys that are diagnosed with a mild level of autism. The instruments used in this study are Autism Social Skills Profile and Functional Emotional Assessment Scale. This research involves 20 sessions, conducted in May until June 2018, consisting of 10 sensory sessions and 10  symbolic sessions for each subject. The results of this research show an improvement in social skills in both participants, marked by an increase in the post test scores, but not significantly. Qualitatively, both subject demonstrates an improvement on social skills in their daily behavior after they had participated in the intervention.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong>: </strong><em>autism spectrum disorder, middle childhood, </em>DIR <em>Floortime,social skills</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong>: </strong>Anak autistik memiliki karakteristik kesulitan dalam komunikasi dan interaksi sosial serta adanya yang minat terbatas, perilaku berulang, atau keterikatan dalam minat dan aktivitas. Hal ini menjadi masalah saat anak tumbuh seiring usia dan terlibat dalam lingkungan yang lebih luas karena kurangnya kemampuan sosial pada anak autistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sosial anak autistik. Ada beberapa metode yang dapat diterapkan pada anak autistik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sosial. Salah satunya adalah metode DIR (<em>Developmental, Individual Differences, &amp; Relationship Based</em>) <em>Floortime</em>. DIR<em> Floortime</em>  bertujuan membantu anak mencapai tahap perkembangan emosionalnya melalui kegiatan bermain. Jenis penelitian ini adalah case study yang melibatkan dua orang partisipan, yaitu anak laki-laki berusia <em>middle childhood</em> dengan autisme <em>level Mild</em>. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah <em>Autism Social Skills Profile dan Functional Emotional Assesment Scale</em>. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 20 sesi intervensi yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei hingga Juni 2018. Sesi intervensi terdiri dari 10 sesi sensori auditori dan 10 sesi simbolik bagi masing-masing subjek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan pada kapasitas emosi, tetapi kemampuan sosial kedua partisipan tidak meningkat secara signifikan. Secara kualitatif, kedua subjek menunjukkan kemampuan sosial yang lebih baik setelah mengikuti sesi intervensi, hal ini tampak dalam perilaku sehari-hari.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: autisme<em>, middle childhood, </em>DIR <em>Floortime,</em> kemampuan sosial</p>

Deliberate practice using validated metrics improves skill acquisition in performance of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block in a simulated setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman M.A. Ahmed ◽  
Imran Azher ◽  
Anthony G. Gallagher ◽  
Dara S. Breslin ◽  
Brian D. O'Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Block ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
Ultrasound Guided

Studies of Accessibility to Healthcare in Canada

2013 ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Olesya Elikan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Health Geography ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Measuring Techniques

The main goal of this chapter is to provide a theoretical background for accessibility studies as a sub-discipline of health geography and a literature review on the topic. The chapter provides various definitions of accessibility, its major characteristics and comparison between main measuring techniques. The influence of accessibility on population health is also discussed. An overview of recent accessibility studies in Canada is provided and future directions of research are discussed. A case study is provided to illustrate one of the advanced methods in measuring access.

A Perspective on How Counseling Curricula Can Enhance Workforce Diversity Practices

2017 ◽  
pp. 665-681
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Workforce Diversity ◽  
Diversity Education ◽  
Counseling Skills ◽  
Diversity Initiatives ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Global Society

As we become more of a global society, it is imperative for the work environment to mirror this diversity and for individuals to be supported in their professional development. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to describe how the field of counseling can contribute to the advancement of workforce diversity education. The understanding and application of counseling skills (e.g., attending skills) can positively influence interactions within the workplace and enhance workforce diversity initiatives. A case study is included with discussion questions along with an exploration of future directions for enhancing workforce diversity.

All the World's a Stage

2022 ◽  
pp. 394-413
Author(s):  
Brian S. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Computer Systems ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Thought Process

This chapter provides a case study where a systematic, organized method of storytelling, presented as the Story-based Learning model, is used to design a series of integrated and engaging activities for cybersecurity training (to protect computer systems and networks) that fosters deliberate practice and improves performance. To address the talent shortage in the global cybersecurity workforce, the client developed a blended curriculum designed to provide practical experience to prospective cybersecurity professionals. A key component of this curriculum was the capstone exercises, activities focused on application of the content introduced in the courseware. Essentially, this is a story of using stories, one of humanity's oldest technologies, to solve the problem of training and cultivating expertise in future cybersecurity personnel. Based on solid prior evidence supporting the use of stories to increase engagement and retention, this case study focuses on detailing the thought process used to reach this set of solutions, as captured by the Story-based Learning model.

Emergent Data Mining Tools for Social Network Analysis

2015 ◽  
pp. 1539-1556
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Murthy ◽  
Alexander Gross ◽  
Alex Takata
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Mining Tools

This chapter identifies a number of the most common data mining toolkits and evaluates their utility in the extraction of data from heterogeneous online social networks. It introduces not only the complexities of scraping data from the diverse forms of data manifested in these sources, but also critically evaluates currently available tools. This analysis is followed by a presentation and discussion on the development of a hybrid system, which builds upon the work of the open-source Web-Harvest framework, for the collection of information from online social networks. This tool, VoyeurServer, attempts to address the weaknesses of tools identified in earlier sections, as well as prototype the implementation of key functionalities thought to be missing from commonly available data extraction toolkits. The authors conclude the chapter with a case study and subsequent evaluation of the VoyeurServer system itself. This evaluation presents future directions, remaining challenges, and additional extensions thought to be important to the effective development of data mining tools for the study of online social networks.

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