scholarly journals Resilience of Perceptual Metacognition in a Dual-Task Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahiko Konishi ◽  
Clémence Compain ◽  
Bruno Berberian ◽  
Jérôme Sackur ◽  
Vincent de Gardelle
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Confidence Judgments ◽  
Dual Task Cost ◽  
Multiple Tasks ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm

When people do multiple tasks at the same time, it is often found that their performance is worse relative to when they do those same tasks in isolation. However, one aspect that has received little empirical attention, is whether the ability to monitor and evaluate one’s task performance is also affected by multitasking. How does dual-tasking affect metacognition and its relation to performance? We investigated this question through the use of a visual dual-task paradigm with confidence judgments. Participants categorized both the color and the motion direction of moving dots, and then rated their confidence in both responses. Across four experiments, participants (N=87) exhibited a clear dual-task cost at the perceptual level, while no cost at the metacognitive level. We discuss this resilience of metacognition to multitasking costs, and examine how our results fit onto current models of perceptual metacognition.

scholarly journals How Does Physical Demand Affect Cognitive Performance? Interference Between Outdoor Running And Narrative Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Epling ◽  
Graham K. Edgar ◽  
Paul N. Russell ◽  
William S. Helton
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Physical Demand ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm

Dual-tasking situations are common in military, firefighting, search and rescue, and other high risk operations. Cognitive and physical demands can occur at the same time, but little is known about the specific demands of real world tasks or how they might interfere with one another. It is well known that attempting simultaneous tasks will divide and divert attention, but to what extent? In this experiment, a narrative memory task was paired with an outdoor running task, and as expected, memory task performance declined when participants were asked to run at the same time. It is suggested that more cognitively demanding physical tasks be used within this dual-task paradigm for a better understanding of the human cognitive resource structure, i.e., how and why certain tasks interfere.

scholarly journals Combining tDCS With a Motor-Cognitive Task to Reduce the Negative Impact of Dual-Tasking on the Gait of Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 287-288
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Hausdorff ◽  
Nofar Schneider ◽  
Marina Brozgol ◽  
Pablo Cornejo Thumm ◽  
Nir Giladi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Concurrent Performance ◽  
Dual Task Cost

Abstract The simultaneous performance of a secondary task while walking (i.e., dual tasking) increases motor-cognitive interference and fall risk in older adults. Combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with the concurrent performance of a task that putatively involves the same brain networks targeted by the tDCS may reduce the negative impact of dual-tasking on walking. We examined whether tDCS applied while walking reduces the dual-task costs to gait and whether this combination is better than tDCS alone or walking alone (with sham stimulation). In 25 healthy older adults (aged 75.7±10.5yrs), a double-blind, within-subject, cross-over pilot study evaluated the acute after-effects of 20 minutes of tDCS targeting the primary motor cortex and the dorsal lateral pre frontal cortex during three separate sessions:1) tDCS while walking on a treadmill in a virtual-reality environment (tDCS+walking), 2) tDCS while seated (tDCS+seated), and 3) walking in the virtual-reality environment with sham tDCS (sham+walking). The complex walking condition taxed motor and cognitive abilities. During each session, single- and dual-task walking and cognitive function were assessed before and immediately after stimulation. Compared to pre-tDCS performance, tDCS+walking reduced the dual-task cost to gait speed (p=0.004) and other gait features (e.g., variability p=0.02), and improved (p<0.001) executive function (Stroop interference score). tDCS+seated and sham+walking did not affect the dual-task cost to gait speed (p>0.17). These initial findings demonstrate that tDCS delivered during challenging walking ameliorates dual-task gait and executive function in older adults, suggesting that the concurrent performance of related tasks enhances the efficacy of the neural stimulation and mobility.

scholarly journals THE DUAL-TASK COST IS DUE TO NEURAL INTERFERENCES DISRUPTING THE OPTIMAL SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE COMPETING TASKS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mac-Auliffe ◽  
Benoit Chatard ◽  
Mathilde Petton ◽  
Anne-Claire Croizé ◽  
Florian Sipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Intracranial Eeg ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Dual Task Cost ◽  
Neural Origin ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ABSTRACTDual-tasking is extremely prominent nowadays, despite ample evidence that it comes with a performance cost: the Dual-Task (DT) cost. Neuroimaging studies have established that tasks are more likely to interfere if they rely on common brain regions, but the precise neural origin of the DT cost has proven elusive so far, mostly because fMRI does not record neural activity directly and cannot reveal the key effect of timing, and how the spatio-temporal neural dynamics of the tasks coincide.Recently, DT electrophysiological studies in monkeys have recorded neural populations shared by the two tasks with millisecond precision to provide a much finer understanding of the origin of the DT cost. We used a similar approach in humans, with intracranial EEG, to assess the neural origin of the DT cost in a particularly challenging naturalistic paradigm which required accurate motor responses to frequent visual stimuli (task T1) and the retrieval of information from long-term memory (task T2), as when answering passengers’ questions while driving.We found that T2 elicited neuroelectric interferences in the gamma-band (>40 Hz), in key regions of the T1 network including the Multiple Demand Network. They reproduced the effect of disruptive electrocortical stimulations to create a situation of dynamical incompatibility, which might explain the DT cost. Yet, participants were able to flexibly adapt their strategy to minimize interference, and most surprisingly, reduce the reliance of T1 on key regions of the executive control network – the anterior insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex – with no performance decrement.HIGHLIGHTS- First direct evidence in humans of neural interferences between two tasks.- First explanation of the Dual-Task cost at the neural level in humans.- First Dual-Tasking study with intracranial EEG in naturalistic conditions.

scholarly journals Combining 3D-MOT With Sport Decision-Making for Perceptual-Cognitive Training in Virtual Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Romeas ◽  
Romain Chaumillon ◽  
David Labbé ◽  
Jocelyn Faubert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Training Conditions ◽  
Additional Task ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
The Impact

This study introduces a virtual life-sized perceptual-cognitive training paradigm that combines three-dimensional multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) with motor (Experiment 1) or perceptual (Experiment 2) sport decision-making tasks. We sought to assess the impact of training on task performance and determine optimal training conditions for improvement and learning. Fifty-seven participants were randomly assigned to one of four training conditions (isolated 3D-MOT, 3D-MOT combined with a decision-making task, consolidated 3D-MOT later combined with a decision-making task, and isolated decision-making task). We evaluated task performance using speed thresholds, success rate (%), and reaction time (s). Findings were that the dual-task paradigm was associated with performance beyond chance level on both 3D-MOT and decision-making tasks despite an important dual-task cost. Interestingly, the results seemed to favor consolidated 3D-MOT training over simultaneous 3D-MOT training when combined with a motor decision-making task but not when combined with a perceptual decision-making task. The number of shared attentional resources in the nature of the additional task (i.e., perceptual or motor decision-making) seems to be key in interpreting the dual-task interference. These findings must be considered when designing representative multitask perceptual-cognitive training.

scholarly journals Dual Task Performance in Parkinson’s Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Foley ◽  
Reiner Kaschel ◽  
Sergio Della Sala
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
The People ◽  
Dual Task Performance

Several studies have found dual tasking to be impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but unaffected by healthy ageing. It is not known if this deficit is specific to AD, or also present in other neurodegenerative disorders that can occur in later life, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, this study investigated dual tasking in 13 people with PD, 26 AD and 42 healthy age-matched controls. The people with AD demonstrated a specific impairment in dual tasking, which worsened with increasing disease severity. The people with PD did not demonstrate any deficits in dual tasking ability, when compared to healthy controls, suggesting that the dual task impairment is specific to AD.

scholarly journals Dual task performance in early Alzheimer's disease, amnestic mild cognitive impairment and depression

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lonie ◽  
K. M. Tierney ◽  
L. L. Herrmann ◽  
C. Donaghey ◽  
R. E. O'Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Early Alzheimer’S Disease

BackgroundThe dual task paradigm (Baddeleyet al.1986; Della Salaet al.1995) has been proposed as a sensitive measure of Alzheimer's dementia, early in the disease process.MethodWe investigated this claim by administering the modified dual task paradigm (utilising a pencil-and-paper version of a tracking task) to 33 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 10 with very early Alzheimer's disease, as well as 21 healthy elderly subjects and 17 controls with depressive symptoms. All groups were closely matched for age and pre-morbid intellectual ability.ResultsThere were no group differences in dual task performance, despite poor performance in episodic memory tests of the aMCI and early Alzheimer's disease groups. In contrast, the Alzheimer patients were specifically impaired in the trail-making test B, another commonly used test of divided attention.ConclusionsThe dual task paradigm lacks sensitivity for use in the early differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals Walking While Talking and Prefrontal Oxygenation in Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Clinical and Pathophysiological Aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Cristina Udina ◽  
Emmeline Ayers ◽  
Marco Inzitari ◽  
Joe Verghese
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Dual Task Cost ◽  
Dual Task Performance

Background: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) combines slow gait and cognitive complaints and has been proposed as a predementia syndrome. The nature of dual-task performance in MCR has not been established. Objective: To assess differences in dual-task performance between participants with and without MCR and to study the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-based brain activity during dual-task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Methods: Cohort study of community-dwelling non-demented older adults included in the “Central Control of Mobility in Aging” study. Comprehensive assessment included global cognition and executive function tests along with clinical variables. Dual-task paradigm consisted in walking while reciting alternate letters of the alphabet (WWT) on an electronic walkway. We compared dual-task performance between MCR (n = 60) and No MCR (n = 478) participants and assessed the relationship of dual-task performance with cognitive function. In a subsample, we compared PFC oxygenation during WWT between MCR (n = 32) and No MCR (n = 293). Results: In our sample of 538 high-functioning older adults (76.6±6.5 years), with 11.2% prevalence of MCR, dual-task cost was not significantly different, compared to No MCR participants. Among MCR participants, no significant relationship was found between WWT velocity and cognitive function, whereas No MCR participants with better cognitive function showed faster WWT velocities. PFC oxygenation during WWT was higher in MCR compared to No MCR (1.02±1.25 versus 0.66±0.83, p = 0.03). Conclusion: MCR participants showed no significant differences in the dual-task cost while exhibiting higher PFC oxygenation during dual-task walking. The dual-task performance (WWT velocity) in MCR participants was not related to cognition.

scholarly journals Is Semantic Vigilance Impaired by Narrative Memory Demands? Theory and Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-461
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Epling ◽  
Graham K. Edgar ◽  
Paul N. Russell ◽  
William S. Helton
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Resource Theory ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Dual Tasking

Objective: Two verbal tasks were utilized in a dual-task paradigm to explore performance theories and prior dual-tasking results. Background: Both the decline in vigilance performance over time, or vigilance decrement, and limited dual-tasking ability may be explained by limited mental resources. Resource theorists would recommend removing task demands to avoid cognitive overload, while mindlessness theorists may recommend adding engaging task demands to prevent boredom. Prior research demonstrated interference between a verbal free recall and semantic vigilance task, but exploring tasks with greater ecological validity is necessary. Method: A narrative memory task and semantic vigilance task were performed individually and simultaneously. Relative performance impairments were compared to a previous dual-task pairing. Results: The semantic vigilance task caused performance degradation to the narrative memory task and vice versa. A vigilance decrement was not observed, and the interference was to a lesser extent than when the semantic vigilance task was paired with a free recall task. Conclusion: Resource theory was supported, though passive learning effects during a semantic vigilance task with novel stimuli may prevent a vigilance decrement. The interference was less than that of a previous similar dual-task pairing, but even tasks as routine as listening to a conversation or story can impair other task performance. Application: A better understanding of resource theory and dual-task performance outcomes can help inform feasible task loads and improve efficiency and safety of operators in high-risk and other professions.

scholarly journals Dual Task Impairments in Vascular Dementia

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Inasaridze ◽  
Jennifer A. Foley ◽  
Robert H. Logie ◽  
Sergio Della Sala
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Normal Ageing

Several studies have shown that people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrate difficulties in doing two things at once or 'dual-tasking' and that this dual task impairment is insensitive to normal ageing, chronic depression or prodromal conditions like Mild Cognitive Impairment. It is not known, however, if this impairment is specific to AD, or also present in other dementias, such as vascular dementia (VaD). In this study 15 people with VaD, 25 healthy age-matched and 25 healthy young controls were assessed using a paper and pencil dual tasking paradigm and several measures of working and episodic memory. Age had no effect on dual task performance, but the VaD patients demonstrated a significant impairment in dual tasking ability. Performance on the memory measures was instead affected by age with a further deterioration in the VaD patients. Both dual tasking and memory ability were significantly correlated with disease severity, as assessed by the MMSE. These results indicate that performance on the dual task could be a specific indicator of pathological ageing.

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