scholarly journals Self-referential encoding of source information in recollection memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Lawrence ◽  
Xiaoqian Chai
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
The Self ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Semantic Encoding ◽  
Source Accuracy

Self-referential memory encoding has been previously shown to enhance memory. The self-referential facilitation effect has also been found in source memory (memory with contextual details). In this study, we investigated how subjective recollection interacts with the self-referential effect for source memory. Using a remember/know paradigm, we compared source memory accuracy under self-referential encoding and semantic encoding. Two types of source information were included, a “peripheral” source which was not inherent to the encoding activity, and a source information about the encoding context. SRE benefits on source memory accuracy were observed in recollection for both types of source information, but not in familiarity-based memory. In contrast, for familiarity-based memory, semantic encoding resulted in higher source accuracy for the background source compared to self-referential encoding. These results suggest self-referential encoding creates a richer, more detailed memory trace which can be recollected later on.

scholarly journals Self-referential encoding of source information in recollection memory

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248044
Author(s):  
Ross Lawrence ◽  
Xiaoqian J. Chai
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
The Self ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Semantic Encoding ◽  
Source Accuracy

Information that is encoded in relation to the self has been shown to be better remembered, yet reports have disagreed on whether the memory benefit from self-referential encoding extends to source memory (the context in which information was learned). In this study, we investigated the self-referential effect on source memory in recollection and familiarity-based memory. Using a Remember/Know paradigm, we compared source memory accuracy under self-referential encoding and semantic encoding. Two types of source information were included, a “peripheral” source which was not inherent to the encoding activity, and a source information about the encoding context. We observed the facilitation in item memory from self-referential encoding compared to semantic encoding in recollection but not in familiarity-based memory. The self-referential benefit to source accuracy was observed in recollection memory, with source memory for the encoding context being stronger in the self-referential condition. No significant self-referential effect was observed with regards to peripheral source information (information not required for the participant to focus on), suggesting not all source information benefit from self-referential encoding. Self-referential encoding also resulted in a higher ratio of “Remember/Know” responses rate than semantically encoded items, denoting stronger recollection. These results suggest self-referential encoding creates a richer, more detailed memory trace which can be recollected later on.

scholarly journals Informative and uninformative pre-stimulus encoding cues benefit source memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Yeh ◽  
Joshua Koen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Semantic Judgment ◽  
Stimulus Cues ◽  
Subjective Estimates

Research using both neuroimaging and psychophysiology show that neural activity elicited by an informative pre-stimulus cue predicts subsequent memory. However, it remains unclear whether pre-stimulus encoding cues actually benefit subsequent memory performance. We investigated this issue across three pre-registered experiments. At encoding, participants made one of two semantic judgments on words that were preceded by an informative pre-stimulus cue that identified the upcoming semantic judgment, an uninformative pre-stimulus cue that signaled an upcoming trial but no information about the semantic judgment, or no cue. There was little evidence that pre-stimulus cues improved old/new recognition discrimination or subjective estimates of recollection and familiarity derived from receiver operating characteristic curves. Importantly, both informative and uninformative pre-stimulus cues enhanced source memory accuracy for the encoding task compared to the no cue condition. These findings suggest that pre-stimulus cues can strengthen the processes that support successful memory encoding and benefit subsequent source memory.

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between processing fluency and memory for source information

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina S.-T. Huang ◽  
David R. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
Processing Fluency ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Accuracy ◽  
Confidence Ratings

Familiarity-based processes such as processing fluency can influence memory judgements in tests of item recognition. Many conventional accounts of source memory assume minimal influence of familiarity on source memory, but recent work has suggested that source memory judgements are affected when test stimuli are processed with greater fluency as a result of priming. The present experiments investigated the relationship between fluency and the accuracy of source memory decisions. Participants studied words presented with different source attributes. During test, they identified words that gradually clarified on screen through progressive demasking, made old/new and source memory judgements, and reported confidence ratings for those words. Response times (RTs) recorded from the item identification task formed the basis of a fluency measure, and identification RTs were compared across categories of item recognition, source accuracy and confidence. Identification RTs were faster in trials with correct retrieval of source information compared with trials for which source could not be accurately retrieved. These findings are consistent with the assumption that familiarity-based processes are related to source memory judgements.

Metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements: The role of perceived differences in item recognition

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Meiser ◽  
Christine Sattler ◽  
Ulrich Von Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Monitoring Model ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Different Sources

This research investigated the hypothesis that metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements are based on the recognition or nonrecognition of an event together with perceived or expected differences in the recognizability of events from different sources. The hypothesis was tested with a multinomial source-monitoring model that allowed separation of source-guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items. Experiments 1A and 1B manipulated the number of item presentations as relevant source information and revealed differential guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items, with a bias to attribute unrecognized items to the source associated with poor item recognition. Experiments 2A and 2B replicated the findings with a manipulation of presentation time and extended the analysis to subjective differences in item recognition. Experiments 3A and 3B used more natural source information by varying type of acoustic signal and demonstrated that subjective theories about differences in item recognition are sufficient to elicit differential source-guessing biases for recognized and unrecognized items. Together the findings provide new insights into the cognitive processes underlying source memory decisions, which involve episodic memory and reconstructive tendencies based on metacognitive beliefs and general world knowledge.

scholarly journals Beta-band activity in medial prefrontal cortex predicts source memory encoding and retrieval accuracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Subramaniam ◽  
Leighton B. N. Hinkley ◽  
Danielle Mizuiri ◽  
Hardik Kothare ◽  
Chang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Retrieval Accuracy ◽  
Band Activity ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Neural correlates of spatial source memory encoding in young and elderly adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
S. Cansino ◽  
C. Estrada-Manilla ◽  
P. Trejo-Morales ◽  
E. Aguilar ◽  
E. Pasaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Spatial Source

scholarly journals The Impact of Focusing on Different Features During Encoding on Young and Older Adults’ Source Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Mitchell ◽  
Erin M. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experienced Difficulty

AbstractAge-related source memory deficits result, in part, because young and older adults attend to different information. We asked whether focusing young and older adults‘ attention on specific features at encoding would result in similar subjective experiences of the vividness of the features and how this might affect source memory. Ratings of the vividness of visual detail, emotion, and associations were similar for young and older adults both when they were perceiving pictures and when they were thinking about them after a brief delay. Although young adults had better source memory than older adults, source accuracy did not differ depending on feature attended, and correlations between ratings and source memory showed that focus on the different types of information was equally predictive of source memory accuracy for young and older adults. Although preliminary, the results suggest that when attention is focused on specific information at encoding, young and older adults later use the various categories of source-specifying information similarly in making source attributions. Nevertheless, older adults did worse on the source test, suggesting they had less discriminable source information overall, this information was not well bound, and/or they experienced difficulty in strategic retrieval and monitoring processes.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Self ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Source Information ◽  
System A ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Adequate Understanding

Technology and energy sources monitoring: control, efficiency, and optimization - belong to theory and practice of monitoring. Continuous supervising, diagnosing, managing, controlling, compensating, documenting; a process of acquiring and transferring streams of information (usually source information) about the analysed object, process, and relations between the same and the environment that can be used to realize the postulated state depending on needs and knowledge available – it is sciences and practice of monitoring. The self sciences of monitoring is a specific type of social practice aimed at adequate understanding of the reality in order to control and use it with a limited range of consequences and responsibilities. In the most general terms, the purpose of each filed of science (art) is to transform the reality into an image (virtualization). Music was the oldest language; painting was the oldest writing system. A language is a constant work of mind. It is not a creation (ergon), but rather an action (energeia – activity). Nobody thinks, as regards a given word, exactly the same as another person. Understanding is at the same time misunderstanding. A theory cannot be produced out of the results of observations, it must be invented. A theory does not have to be true, but it should encourage thinking.

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