scholarly journals Body Image During Quarantine; Generational Effects of Social Media Pressure on Body Appearance Perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinidad Speranza ◽  
Sofia Abrevaya ◽  
Veronica C Ramenzoni
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Virtual Self ◽  
Body Ideal ◽  
Media Pressure

One of the consequences of the pandemic is that throughout 2020 virtual interactions largely replaced face-to-face interactions. Though there are few studies of how social media impacts body image perception across genders, research suggests that socializing through a virtual self-body image might have distinct implications for men and women. In an online study, we examined whether type of social pressure and body-ideal exert distinct pressures on members of the X, Y, and Z generations. Results showed media pressure affected body image satisfaction significantly more than other kinds of social pressure across genders and generations, with young males reporting a higher impact compared to older males. Males experienced more pressure to be muscular and women to be thin, especially for the younger generation. Future research should focus on social media as a potential intervention tool for the detection and prevention of body image disorders in both young female and male adults.

scholarly journals The Perfect Storm: A Developmental–Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls’ Body Image Concerns and Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Choukas-Bradley ◽  
Savannah Roberts ◽  
Anne J. Maheux ◽  
Jacqueline Nesi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Image Concerns ◽  
Perfect Storm

In this theoretical review paper, we provide a developmental–sociocultural framework for the role of social media (SM) in contributing to adolescent girls’ body image concerns, and in turn, depressive symptoms and disordered eating. We propose that the features of SM (e.g., idealized images of peers, quantifiable feedback) intersect with adolescent developmental factors (e.g., salience of peer relationships) and sociocultural gender socialization processes (e.g., societal over-emphasis on girls’ and women’s physical appearance) to create the “perfect storm” for exacerbating girls’ body image concerns. We argue that, ultimately, body image concerns may be a key mechanism underlying associations between adolescent girls’ SM use and mental health. In the context of proposing this framework, we provide empirical evidence for how SM may increase adolescent girls’ body image concerns through heightening their focus on: (1) other people’s physical appearance (e.g., through exposure to idealized images of peers, celebrities, and SM influencers; quantifiable indicators of approval); and (2) their own appearance (e.g., through appearance-related SM consciousness; exposure to one’s own image; encouraging over-valuing of appearance; and peer approval of photos/videos). Our framework highlights new avenues for future research on adolescent girls’ SM use and mental health, which recognize the central role of body image.

scholarly journals Contemporary Variables that Impact Sleep and Development in Female Adolescent Swimmers and Gymnasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Bartholomew ◽  
Carrie Gilligan ◽  
Ann Spence
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Caffeine Consumption

AbstractThe effects of sleep on elite athletes in late adolescence and early adulthood have been well documented in a myriad of sports. However, there is underrepresentation of pre-pubertal and young female adolescent athlete research between the ages of 11–17, and specifically female gymnast and swimmers. Neglecting to understand how high energy demand at a young age relates to sleep and restoration may lead to developmental ramifications for this group, as they display physiological dysfunctions like delayed puberty, amenorrhea and are at risk for the female athlete triad or components of the triad. This review aims to summarize the contemporary variables of blue light emitting screens, social media, and caffeine on quality and quantity of sleep in young athletes while identifying gaps in the literature on how these factors impact the target group of young female swimmers and gymnasts.  The implications of this work include sleep hygiene recommendations for increasing duration and quality of sleep, as well as future research with respect to electronic device usage, social media participation, caffeine consumption, and sport engagement in female early adolescent athletes.

scholarly journals Body Esteem among Korean Adolescent Boys and Girls

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukkyung You ◽  
Kyulee Shin
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
Body Ideal

Establishing a positive body image is a critical factor for adolescents’ physical and mental health as it leads to sustainable individual growth and development throughout their lives. Therefore, possible personality traits need to be examined for their capability as protective factors for a healthy body image. The current study examined how one internal personality trait (self-concept clarity) and three external factors (tripartite influence from media, parents, and peers) are associated with adolescents’ internalization of the thin-body ideal and body esteem in a sample of Korean adolescents (N = 1127). Self-concept clarity was identified as a powerful factor that is positively related with body esteem. The results showed that greater self-concept clarity, lower tripartite influences and thin body internalization were related to greater body esteem. Gender differences were found in the relationships between body esteem and the predictor variables. The implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Body Image Satisfaction Among Palestinian University Female Students, Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Abu Alwafa ◽  
Manal Badrasawi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder are linked to poor body image. People with these diseases commonly lack the ability to objectively assess body shape, size, or attractiveness. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body image, eating disorders, lifestyle, social pressure, and social media engagements in female university students in Palestine. Method: A sample of 905 female undergraduate students from Palestinian universities was included in the study. Arabic validated Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2) was used to measure body satisfaction. Early screening of eating disorders was conducted using the Arabic validated A-SCOFF tool. One-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Chi-square, Spearman rho correlation test, and simple linear regression tests were used to evaluate the relationships between study variables. Results The sample had a high level of body image satisfaction, with a mean score of 4.22 ± 0.74. It was found that eating disorders (p < .001), higher BMI (p < .001), following models or celebrities on social media (p < .01), following models or celebrities nutritional advice (p < .05), family and friends pressure (p < .001), dieting (p < .001), and daily phone hours (p < .01) were associated with lower body satisfaction. While physical activity (p < .05) was associated with higher body satisfaction. Conclusion Body image among female university students is influenced by lifestyle, social pressure, and social media. To promote awareness about the impact of these variables on body dissatisfaction, which can lead to eating disorders, educational and supporting programs must be undertaken.

Factors influencing consumer intention in social commerce adoption

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Akman ◽  
Alok Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Social Commerce ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Trust ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Behavioural Factors

Purpose Social media remarkably changed the way of interaction between the consumers and organizations. The increased acceptance of social media has given rise to social commerce (s-commerce) and s-commerce usage is gradually increasing over the last few years. The progressive development of technologies suggests that s-commerce will become the mainstream for marketing and a literature survey indicates that there have not been many studies in this area. The purpose of this paper is to predict the factors influencing consumer intention towards the adoption of s-commerce. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a survey approach with reference to important behavioural factors such as satisfaction, ethics, trust, enjoyment/easiness, social pressure and awareness. The research model was developed to be in line with the available literature. The data were collected using a five-point Likert scale and the research model was tested using least square regression. Findings The results showed that user intention is significantly and positively related to perceived trust, enjoyment/easiness, social pressure, satisfaction and awareness. Also, “intention” was found to be a significant mediating factor for actual usage. Research limitations/implications First, the questionnaire was a “snap-shot” instead of longitudinal study. Second, future research should use other moderating variables that may affect the usage of social media. Also the study could apply a variant of research methods to include other techniques such as interviews, which allow for deeper understanding of the problem and issues. Practical implications Social media represents an important platform for electronic commerce and has one of the most metamorphic impacts on business. Therefore, investigating the usage of s-commerce with reference to important behavioural factors could provide valuable information for companies in establishing policies and strategies. It could also be useful for management studies and researchers in understanding the consumers’ attitude towards usage of social media for commercial purposes. Social implications S-commerce creates opportunities for firms. Based on findings this research provides insights with major implications for marketers, who would like to generate direct sales on social network platforms. Originality/value Existing literature focusses largely on the effectiveness of social media. Only a handful has endeavoured to analyse s-commerce systems and the literature on consumers’ behaviour in using s-commerce is not mature yet. This study is one of the few studies in this field, and aims to predict and explain the user acceptance of social media for commercial purposes.

scholarly journals Being Successful and Being Thin: The Effects of Thin-Ideal Social Media Images With High Socioeconomic Status on Women's Body Image and Eating Behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Qi ◽  
Lijuan Cui
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Women's Body Image

Social media has outpaced traditional media to be the most popular sociocultural channel to transmit thin-ideal images, an established trigger for body image concerns and disordered eating in women. With an experimental design, the present research first demonstrated that exposure to thin images on social media threatened women's body image and increased their unhealthy food consumption (Study 1). However, given that thin images posted on social media are usually from wealthier people, the present research hypothesised that it may not be the body shape but the perceived socioeconomic status (SES) of images that indeed have negative effects on women. By manipulating the perceived SES of thin images and incorporating a baseline control group (Study 2), the present research provided causal evidence for the hypothesis by indicating that viewing thin images with parallel-perceived SES could significantly buffer undesirable thin-ideal effects on self-objectification and food intake. Therefore, future research needs to pay more attention to the role of SES in the thin media images literature.

scholarly journals Risk factors of eating disorders in young female athletes

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S3) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Suryawati ◽  
F.F. Dieny ◽  
R. Purwanti ◽  
A.F.A. Tsani ◽  
N. Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Body Image Perception ◽  
Self Confidence

Eating disorders in young female athletes is a serious psychological and health disease which could become an early problem on Female Athlete Triad. Eating disorders are influenced by internal and external factors. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for eating disorders in young female athletes. An observational study with a crosssectional design on eighty-six young female athletes was conducted with consecutive sampling method. Subjects in this study were athletes in athletics, weightlifting, volleyball, beach volleyball, swimming, rowing, fencing, Pencak Silat, karate, taekwondo, judo, sepak takraw, table tennis, and boxing. The inclusion criteria of the subject athletes were young female athletes aged 11-21 years registered at the study site, did not consume alcohol, and voluntary. The nutritional status of the subjects was measured by their Body Mass Index for age score. Eating disorder was measured using the Eating Attitude Test-26 questionnaire and Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale for the type of eating disorders, Rosenberg Self Esteem for Self Confidence, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42 for stress level, and Body Shape Questionnaire for body image perception. This study used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi-square and multivariate analysis with logistic regression test. The prevalence of eating disorders risk among the young female athletes in this study was approximately 37.2%, where 9.3% of subjects were bulimia, 5.8% were on the binge of eating disorder, and 22.1% subjects experienced eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). The multivariate analysis showed that the risk factor of eating disorders in young female athletes was the negative body image perception (p = <0.001; RP:10.5) and stress (p = 0.023; RP:3.5). Nutritional status, self-confidence, and type of exercise were not proven as the risk factors of eating disorder among young female athletes. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the negative body image perception and stress are the risk factors of eating disorders among young female athletes.

Body Image Disturbance in Anorexia Nervosa: Beyond Body Image*

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïda Warah
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Body Image Perception ◽  
Body Size Estimation

In this paper the literature on body image disturbance in anorexic patients is reviewed. After a decade of experimental investigation of body image in anorexia nervosa, where old and new techniques have been used and where a large number of correlations have been identified, what do we really know? The findings have been conflicting but some regularities exist. It is hypothesized that the conflicting results may be related to the presence of different subgroups among anorexics and different types of body image disturbance. Body size estimation is only one dimension of body image perception. likewise, body size overestimation is only one aspect of body image perception. Likewise, body size over-estimation is only one aspect of body image disturbance. Some, but not all anorexics, overestimate their body size, and those who do, seem to have poor prognosis. Body size overestimation is not confined to anorexics. It is not known whether it is a function of a general perceptual/cognitive disorder, but it does seem to be stable over time. The implications of the presence of other psychiatric conditions in anorexic patients are discussed and suggestions for future research and for practice are made.

What do others’ reactions to body posting on Instagram tell us? The effects of social media comments on viewers’ body image perception

2020 ◽  
pp. 146144482095636
Author(s):  
Hye Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Body Imagery ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Image Context ◽  
Self Discrepancy

Studies have highlighted the influence of social media comments on users’ perceptual consequences, but whether this holds true in the body image context is still largely unknown. This experimental study investigated the effects of social media comments on ideal body perception and how it influences one’s own body satisfaction. Results showed that comments guided the viewers’ perceptions of what is considered as “ideal” body. Viewers of favorable comments to body posting reported greater idealization of the body imagery (i.e. ideal-enhancing effects), whereas viewers of unfavorable comments showed a lower level of idealization (i.e. ideal-derogating effects). Also, the indirect effects of comments on body satisfaction via idealization were moderated by individual self-discrepancy between personal ideal and own body. This study sheds light on potentially inspiring or protective role of comments against perfect-looking bodies on social media while calling attention to the need for reconsidering the media effects theory for body image.

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