scholarly journals Personalized Models of Internalizing Symptoms for Women with Social Anxiety Disorder and Depression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Piccirillo ◽  
Thomas Rodebaugh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) constitutes an important risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) and women are at greater risk for both disorders and their comorbidity. Despite much research examining risk factors for MDD specifically, there is limited research evaluating how individuals with SAD transition into depressive episodes. Clinical and theoretical evidence suggests that each individual may exhibit a unique personalized pattern of risk factors. These idiographic patterns may contradict group-level findings. In this study, women (N = 35) with SAD and a current or past major depressive episode completed ecological sampling of their mood and emotional experience five times a day for a month via a smartphone application. These data were analyzed using idiographic analyses to construct individual-level models of each woman’s mood. A multilevel model was constructed to determine risk factors for group-level intra-daily sadness (i.e., depressed mood). Some group-level relationships were consistent with previous research; however, most women’s models demonstrated few, and differing, risk factors for intra-daily sadness. We also examined the spread of individual-level estimates taken from group and idiographic models to determine the extent to which multilevel models can estimate individual-level effects. Implications for integrating results from idiographic methodology into existing theoretical models of psychopathology and clinical practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Symptoms of social anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder: A network perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia K. Langer ◽  
Natasha A. Tonge ◽  
Marilyn Piccirillo ◽  
Thomas L. Rodebaugh ◽  
Renee J. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals Early Risk Factors and Developmental Pathways to Chronic High Inhibition and Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescence

2010 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn J. Essex ◽  
Marjorie H. Klein ◽  
Marcia J. Slattery ◽  
H. Hill Goldsmith ◽  
Ned H. Kalin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Early Risk Factors ◽  
High Inhibition

scholarly journals Predictors of social anxiety disorder with major depressive episodes among Japanese university students

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257793
Author(s):  
Shinya Watanabe ◽  
Nobuyuki Mitsui ◽  
Satoshi Asakura ◽  
Kuniyoshi Toyoshima ◽  
Keisuke Takanobu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) develops in the early teens and is a common disorder among university students. Understanding the predictive factors of SAD comorbid with major depressive episode (MDE) is important for student mental health care. The aim of this study was to identify the personality traits that predict SAD with MDE by analyzing longitudinal data of Japanese university students. Methods In this retrospective study, Japanese university students who visited the health care center of Hokkaido University for the first time were divided into the following four groups: “Control” (n = 43), “MDE” (n = 16), “SAD” (n = 28), and “SAD with MDE” (n = 61) based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and core anxiety symptoms for SAD in the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview during screening. Predictors for SAD with MDE were identified by a four-group comparison of the Temperament and Character Inventory and PHQ-9 data previously obtained at the enrollment using analysis of variance and post-hoc tests. Results Upon comparing the four groups using analysis of variance, there were significant differences in the baseline PHQ-9 summary score, Harm-Avoidance (HA), and Self-Directedness (SD). According to results of the post-hoc test, all three showed a significant difference between the “Control” and “SAD with MDE.” Furthermore, there was a significant difference in HA scores between “SAD” and “Control.” In all the groups, the mean time from enrollment to the first visit to the center was >2 years. Conclusion A higher HA score at baseline is a predictor of SAD with or without MDE. Higher PHQ-9 summary and lower SD scores at baseline are predictive factors of SAD with MDE.

Comorbidity of Social Anxiety Disorder and Depression

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia K. Langer ◽  
Thomas L. Rodebaugh
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Causal Pathways

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are prevalent disorders that exhibit a high rate of co-occurrence. Furthermore, these disorders have been shown to be associated with each other, suggesting that the presence of one disorder increases risk for the other disorder. In this chapter, we discuss relevant theories that attempt to explain why SAD and MDD are related. We propose that the available evidence provides support for conceptualizing the comorbidity of SAD and MDD as resulting from a shared underlying vulnerability. There is evidence that this underlying vulnerability is genetic in nature and related to trait-like constructs such as positive and negative affect. We also discuss the possibility that the underlying vulnerability may confer tendencies toward certain patterns of thinking. Finally, we discuss theories that propose additional causal pathways between the disorders such as direct pathways from one disorder to the other. We advocate for a psychoevolutionary conceptualization that links the findings on the underlying cognitions to the shared relation of lower positive affect and the findings on peer victimization. We suggest that, in addition to a shared underlying vulnerability, the symptoms of social anxiety and depression may function as a part of a behavior trap in which attempts to cope with perceived social exclusion lead to even higher levels of social anxiety and depression. Finally, we make recommendations for the best methods for assessing SAD and MDD as well as suggestions for treating individuals with both disorders.

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