scholarly journals Trust and experiences of NHS healthcare do not fully explain demographic disparities in coronavirus vaccination uptake in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Allington ◽  
Siobhan McAndrew ◽  
Bobby Duffy ◽  
Vivienne Louisa Moxham-Hall
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Healthcare Experiences ◽  
White Ethnic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionIn the UK, actual uptake of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, has exceeded expectations formed from studies conducted in 2020. However, it remains lower among members of other than white ethnic groups, and among younger people. Some evidence exists to suggest that the ethnic gap in vaccine uptake might be partially explained by lower trust, while one study carried out before the vaccination programme rollout suggested that variation in vaccine hesitancy can be explained by differences in trust and healthcare experiences, without reference to demographic variables such as age and ethnicity.MethodsIn April 2021, data were collected from 4885 UK-resident adults, of whom 3223 had received the invitation to be vaccinated against the novel coronavirus. Logit models were used to estimate the association between probability of vaccine uptake and age, gender, ethnicity, household income, NHS healthcare experiences, and trust in government, scientists, and medical professionals. Mediation analysis was conducted in order to probe the relationship between ethnicity, NHS healthcare experiences, trust, and uptake.ResultsGender and household income were not predictive of vaccine uptake. Age and ethnicity were predictive of uptake, even after controls: younger people and members of other than white ethnic groups are less likely to have taken up the invitation to be vaccinated. NHS healthcare experiences appear to mediate a relationship between ethnicity and trust, and also to mediate some of the relationship between ethnicity and uptake (via trust).ConclusionsMembers of other than white ethnic groups report inferior NHS healthcare experiences, which may explain their lower trust in government, scientists, and medical professionals. However, this does not fully explain the ethnic gap in coronavirus vaccination uptake.

The role and relationship of mindreading and social attunement in HRI – position statements of interdisciplinary researchers. Workshop HRI'20

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wykowska ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Stefan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This booklet is a collection of the position statements accepted for the HRI’20 conference workshop “Social Cognition for HRI: Exploring the relationship between mindreading and social attunement in human-robot interaction” (Wykowska, Perez-Osorio & Kopp, 2020). Unfortunately, due to the rapid unfolding of the novel coronavirus at the beginning of the present year, the conference and consequently our workshop, were canceled. On the light of these events, we decided to put together the positions statements accepted for the workshop. The contributions collected in these pages highlight the role of attribution of mental states to artificial agents in human-robot interaction, and precisely the quality and presence of social attunement mechanisms that are known to make human interaction smooth, efficient, and robust. These papers also accentuate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to advance the understanding of the factors and the consequences of social interactions with artificial agents.

scholarly journals Citation Network Analysis of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Martinez-Perez ◽  
Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina ◽  
Cesar Villa-Collar ◽  
Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Citation Network Analysis ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The first outbreaks of the new coronavirus disease, named COVID-19, occurred at the end of December 2019. This disease spread quickly around the world, with the United States, Brazil and Mexico being the countries the most severely affected. This study aims to analyze the relationship between different publications and their authors through citation networks, as well as to identify the research areas and determine which publication has been the most cited. Methods: The search for publications was carried out through the Web of Science database using terms such as “COVID-19” and “SARS-CoV-2” for the period between January and July 2020. The Citation Network Explorer software was used for publication analysis. Results: A total of 14,335 publications were found with 42,374 citations generated in the network, with June being the month with the largest number of publications. The most cited publication was “Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China” by Guan et al., published in April 2020. Nine groups comprising different research areas in this field, including clinical course, psychology, treatment and epidemiology, were found using the clustering functionality. Conclusions: The citation network offers an objective and comprehensive analysis of the main papers on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and the future of microfinance: evidence and insights from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S138-S168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Malik ◽  
Muhammad Meki ◽  
Jonathan Morduch ◽  
Timothy Ogden ◽  
Simon Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Loan Officers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic threatens lives and livelihoods, and, with that, has created immediate challenges for institutions that serve affected communities. We focus on implications for local microfinance institutions in Pakistan, a country with a mature microfinance sector, serving a large number of households. The institutions serve populations poorly-served by traditional commercial banks, helping customers invest in microenterprises, save, and maintain liquidity. We report results from ‘rapid response’ phone surveys of about 1,000 microenterprise owners, a survey of about 200 microfinance loan officers, and interviews with regulators and senior representatives of microfinance institutions. We ran these surveys starting about a week after the country went into lockdown to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus. We find that, on average, week-on-week sales and household income both fell by about 90 per cent. Households’ primary immediate concern in early April became how to secure food. As a result, 70 per cent of the sample of current microfinance borrowers reported that they could not repay their loans; loan officers anticipated a repayment rate of just 34 per cent in April 2020. We build from the results to argue that COVID-19 represents a crisis for microfinance in low-income communities. It is also a chance to consider the future of microfinance, and we suggest insights for policy reform.

The impact of the novel coronavirus on trauma and orthopaedics in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Morgan ◽  
Aashish K Ahluwalia ◽  
Arash Aframian ◽  
Lily Li ◽  
Stephen Ng Man Sun
Keyword(s):  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Injury Burden ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
British Orthopaedic Association

At first glance, the novel coronavirus pandemic and orthopaedic surgery appear separate entities. Orthopaedic surgeons are not generally considered front-line staff in terms of the treatment of the disease that the novel coronavirus causes compared with anaesthetic and medical colleagues. However, the impact that the novel coronavirus is likely to have on the musculoskeletal injury burden and the morbidity associated with chronic musculoskeletal disease is significant. This article summarises the strategies currently being developed for the remodelling of orthopaedic services in the UK and the emergency British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedic guidelines released on 24 March 2020 in managing urgent orthopaedic patients during the novel coronavirus pandemic.

scholarly journals Genomic epidemiology of the first epidemic wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouar Qutob ◽  
Zaidoun Salah ◽  
Damien Richard ◽  
Hisham Darwish ◽  
Husam Sallam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Epidemic Wave

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, continues to cause a significant public-health burden and disruption globally. Genomic epidemiology approaches point to most countries in the world having experienced many independent introductions of SARS-CoV-2 during the early stages of the pandemic. However, this situation may change with local lockdown policies and restrictions on travel, leading to the emergence of more geographically structured viral populations and lineages transmitting locally. Here, we report the first SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Palestine sampled from early March 2020, when the first cases were observed, through to August of 2020. SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Palestine fall across the diversity of the global phylogeny, consistent with at least nine independent introductions into the region. We identify one locally predominant lineage in circulation represented by 50 Palestinian SARS-CoV-2, grouping with genomes generated from Israel and the UK. We estimate the age of introduction of this lineage to 05/02/2020 (16/01/2020–19/02/2020), suggesting SARS-CoV-2 was already in circulation in Palestine predating its first detection in Bethlehem in early March. Our work highlights the value of ongoing genomic surveillance and monitoring to reconstruct the epidemiology of COVID-19 at both local and global scales.

scholarly journals Self-blame regret, fear of COVID-19 and mental health during post-peak pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacer Belen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The novel Coronavirus pandemic caused strong negative emotions including fear, and stress and impacted in mental health of individuals worldwide. One of the emotions linked with mental health and infectious disease is self-blame regret. Thus, current study investigated the role of fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress in the relationship between self-blame regret and depression. A community sample of 352 individuals in Turkey (71 % female and 29 % males), ranged between in age18 and 63 (M= 28.90±8.90), completed fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S), perceived stress (PSS-10), DASS-21 scales and responded to one item concerning the self-blame regret. Results demonstrated that self-blame regret is positively correlated with fear of COVID-19, perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Moreover, serial multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that both fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress mediated in the relationship between self-blame regret and depression. Findings and implications are discussed.

Gearing Up for a New “Pandemic” on the Eyes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk

As the novel coronavirus continues ravaging communities worldwide, children and adults are spending more time than ever before on their electronic devices. Social networking websites, streaming platforms, and video games accumulate hours of usage. Students and employees are turning to remote learning and working. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, teleworking was already on the rise. In the US, the population of employees working remotely increased from 19.6% in 2003 to 24.1% in 2015, and in Sweden, the prevalence of working from home jumped from 5.9% in 1999 to 19.7% in 2012 (Feldstead & Henseke, 2017). Research conducted by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) reported that the teleworking rate in the UK increased by at least 20% over the past decade. There are currently no official reports on the increase of remote working in 2020. However, given the current pandemic situation along with the rapid advancement of technology each day, the numbers are expected to be at an all-time high. This may introduce the world to a new set of health problems: the Digital Eye Strain syndrome.

scholarly journals Low support for nudging among Swedes in a population-representative sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gustav Almqvist ◽  
Patric Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Party Preference ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Living Region ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Recent surveys in China, South Korea, Brazil, South Africa, Russia, Australia, Italy, the UK, Canada, France, Germany, the USA, Japan, Hungary, and Denmark indicate that citizens generally are positive toward state nudging. However, less is known about differences in the support for nudging across socio-demographics and political party preferences, a research gap recently identified in the literature. This article investigates the relationship between the support for nudging and trust in public institutions through a population-representative survey in Sweden. It also analyzes differences in the support for nudging across political party preferences in two ideological dimensions: the economic left-right and cultural GAL-TAN spectra. Data were collected in December 2017 through a custom web survey, using Reisch and Sunstein's (2016) questionnaire. The respondents (N = 1032) were representative of the adult population with regard to gender, age, education, job sector, household income, living region, and political party preference. Sweden was found to belong to the cautiously pronudge nations (along with Japan, Hungary, and Denmark), contrary to hypotheses in previous research. Differences in the support for nudging were found along the economic left-right and GAL-TAN spectra. Individual nudges’ variation in support, polarization, and politicization are analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals Dynamics of COVID-19 transmission including indirect transmission mechanisms: a mathematical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meiksin
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Counterfactual Model ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Significant Spread

Abstract The outbreak of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 has raised major health policy questions and dilemmas. Whilst respiratory droplets are believed to be the dominant transmission mechanisms, indirect transmission may also occur through shared contact of contaminated common objects that is not directly curtailed by a lockdown. The conditions under which contaminated common objects may lead to significant spread of coronavirus disease 2019 during lockdown and its easing is examined using the susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed model with a fomite term added. Modelling the weekly death rate in the UK, a maximum-likelihood analysis finds a statistically significant fomite contribution, with 0.009 ± 0.001 (95% CI) infection-inducing fomites introduced into the environment per day per infectious person. Post-lockdown, comparison with the prediction of a corresponding counterfactual model with no fomite transmission suggests fomites, through enhancing the overall transmission rate, may have contributed to as much as 25% of the deaths following lockdown. It is suggested that adding a fomite term to more complex simulations may assist in the understanding of the spread of the illness and in making policy decisions to control it.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on logistics firms and their resilience: case studies in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Sun Ketudat ◽  
Chawalit Jeenanunta
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that is currently causing challenges and opportunities in all sectors worldwide. The logistic industry plays an enormous role in keeping the countries functional, and it accounts for 13.4 % of the total GDP in Thailand. This article aims to identify and justify critical success factors for the Logistic Industries experiencing success and failure during the pandemic. The research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with top managers of three companies from March to September 2021, which is phase 4 of the pandemic. The findings we analysed using thematic analysis to understand the critical factors within the industry. Logistics companies of different sizes were selected for this purpose as case studies aimed to identify the resemblance of the effects and find the relationship with company resilience. Five key supporting factors were identified for the logistics firms to be resilient during the pandemic, including flexibility, Business Continuity Plan, market diversification, IT systems, and leadership.

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