scholarly journals State Of East Indonesia (1946-1950) From Netherlands Puppet State and Return to Indonesia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Firdaus Mutawally
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Library Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

This article aims to explain how the government system and the history of the administration of the State of East Indonesia from 1946-1950. The method used in this study is a historical method with data collection techniques using library research. The State of East Indonesia (NIT) was formed through two negotiations, namely the Malino Negotiation and the Denpasar Conference in 1946. The system of government of the State of East Indonesia is held by the president, prime minister, and chairman of the parliament, while regional government is led by the king. The beginning of the NIT administration was passed with instability, political turmoil, and tenuous relations with the Republic of Indonesia. However, during the reign of the prime minister Anak Agung things changed and NIT was able to improve relations with RI and help RI to gain its sovereignty. In 1949, NIT merged into the state of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS). After becoming part of the RIS state, there was a mass movement in NIT and demonstrators asked for NIT to be disbanded and reintegrated into RI. There was resistance by Chris Soumokil and Andi Azis to stop the process of integrating NIT into RI by carrying out a rebellion. However, their efforts failed and in April 1950, NIT began preparations to rejoin RI. Finally, the State of East Indonesia was officially dissolved on 17 August 1950 when President Soekarno dissolved the RIS.

Oklahoma court of Criminal Appeals: Osbaldo Torres V. The State of Oklahoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
District Court ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Subsequent Application ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Osbaldo Torres was tried by jury, convicted of first degree murder and other charges, and received the death penalty in the Oklahoma County District Court, Case No. CF-1993-4302. This Court affirmed Torres's conviction for murder, and the United States Supreme Court denied Torres's petition for certiorari. This Court denied Torres's first Application for Post-Conviction Relief on August 4,1998. Torres's application for federal habeas relief was denied. This Court subsequently denied Torres's second Application for Post-Conviction Relief. Torres's execution date is set for Tuesday, May 18,2004. On April 29,2004, Torres filed a Subsequent Application for Post-Conviction Relief. The State filed a Response on May 11,2004. Briefs were also filed on behalf of amici curiae the Government of the Republic of Mexico and international law experts and former diplomats.

scholarly journals Dyplomacja Francji: ewolucja relacji na osi władzy Elysee-Matignon w układzie koabitacji

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Anna Kuczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The paper analyzes the decision-making process with respect to foreign policy and defense in the French Fifth Republic. The author discusses the constitutional rights of the President, Prime Minister and Parliament to emphasize that the notion of the exclusive domain (domaine réservé) of the head of the state has no legal grounds. In particular, she stresses the variations in the practice of exercising power in these terms under two distinct political situations: when the president and government are from the same political option, and when they are not. She notes that given the political homogeneity of the President and the majority in the National Assembly, the President, as the actual head of the unified party, becomes the focal point in the creation and implementation of the policies for ‘his’ France, in particular of the country’s foreign policy. This defies the stipulations of Articles 20 and 21 of the Constitution, by virtue of which the government, headed by the Prime Minister, “determines and conducts the policy of the nation.” The paper devotes considerable space to an analysis of the political influence of cohabitation, i.e. the coexistence of a President of the Republic and a majority in the National Assembly who represent different political orientations. This characterized the political system of France for nine years (1986–1988, 1993–1995, 1997–2002) during the evolution of the actual dependency on the Presidential and Prime Ministerial power axis (or the Elysée–Matignon axis, as these state organs are commonly referred to) in the process of shaping and conducting the international and European policy of the state. The role of the Minister of Foreign Affairs is taken into account regarding the outcome of these changeable relations.

scholarly journals The 2014 Presidential Election in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resul Umit
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The State ◽  
Simple Majority ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The election of the 12th President of Turkey was remarkably different than the elections of the previous 11. For the first time in the history of the Republic, the head of the state was directly elected by ordinary people rather than chosen by their representatives in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. On 10 August 2014, the incumbent Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan won a simple majority of votes in the first round of the election and became the president for the next five years.

scholarly journals Board Communities in Formation of Qanun Regional in Aceh Parliament

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
S. Amirulkamar ◽  
Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
General Election ◽  
Government Official ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Authority

The Government system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia according to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia recognizes and respects special or special regional government units (Special in the Religious Field, Special in the Field of Education and Special in the Customary Field) regulated by Constitution. In this case the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), which is abbreviated as DPRD, but names Aceh as a Provincial Region in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia system based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the title of elected government official will be determined by the DPRA after the 2009 general election. This is only a change in the legal nomenclature with the status remains in the position of Aceh Privileges. This long journey is the existence of the Council community in the formation of the Regional Qanun in the Aceh Parliament in the form of a legislative body as one of the tools of the DPRA that manages the formation of the Regional Qanun which is carried out jointly with the Regional Head. This is done with the delegation of government authority to the Regional Regions as a political tool in the struggle for human rights and the rights of social aspirations, as well as the Aceh People's Representative Council or the Aceh DPR as a nomenclature of legislative institutions in regions that have legitimated importance in governance. The regulation of laws and regulations in Indonesia as a constitutional basis for the 1945 Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia article 18B paragraph (1) states that "the State recognizes and respects special or special regional government units that are regulated by laws invite.

scholarly journals Pergulatan Perempuan dalam Revolusi Fisik di Bali

HUMANIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Sukiada ◽  
Anak Agung Ayu Girindra Wardani ◽  
Ni Wayan Sri Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Soup Kitchen ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Girls School ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This study discusses the role of women in the Physical Revolution in Bali. The appearance of a woman in the history of politics in Bali as a leader has been seen since ancient Balinese times. However, the rise of women seems to have only been seen when the government established the Shanti Girls School. Armed with knowledge and experience in the field of organization, Balinese women are aware of the importance and meaning of independence for a nation. When the Dutch colonial government and NICA troops returned to occupy Bali in March 1946, women played a very important role in defending the independence of the Republic of Indonesia. Women played various roles, such as in the logistics sector as a member of the soup kitchen in charge of providing various types of food to the fighters; in the health sector by helping fighters who were injured and also supplying various types of medicine to the fighters; as a liaison in charge of conveying information on the state of the fighters and the state of the enemy to the leader of the fighters.

scholarly journals KEDUDUKAN HUKUM HAK ULAYAT MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN OTONOMI DAERAH (STUDI DI KECAMATAN HARIAN KABUPATEN SAMOSIR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Mangapul Marbun
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Community Rights ◽  
Customary Rights ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The position of the customary rights of the customary law community in the Toba Batak community, namely the rights owned by a clan (State land), controlled, managed, utilized, the land and its contents for the needs of the citizens / descendants of the partnership as collective property that can be passed down from generation to generation (geneological) based on customary law. The UUPA recognizes the position of the ulayat rights of the customary law community in a formal juridical manner with discussion if in reality it still exists and does not conflict with the interests of the national, nation and state. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 18-B paragraph (2), Article 28-I paragraph (3) The State recognizes and respects the customary public and their traditional rights as long as they are still alive. The cultural identity of traditional community rights is respected in accordance with the times and civilizations. The position of the customary rights of the Batak Toba community (land marga) in this study is still not as expected, in regulating and protecting laws from the past to the present, regulation and protection are still based on local customary laws. In Law No. 23/2014/9/2015 concerning Regional Government grants the authority of rights and responsibilities to provincial, regency / city governments to regulate and manage their own regions, one of the areas of defense based on the widest possible regional autonomy. The authority, rights and responsibilities of regional governments in regulating and protecting, managing their own ulayat rights (clan land) in certain areas are also in line with Presidential Decree No. 34 regarding policies in the defense sector, one of which is stipulation and is also in line with the government regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 38 Year 20007 concerning the Division of Government Affairs between the government and the Provincial Government of the Regency / City Government as a government affair which becomes the authority of the regional government towards the position of the ulayat rights of the customary law community in certain areas. In this study, in the Daily District of Samosir Regency. The authority, rights and obligations of Regional Government through stipulation in the form of Regional regulations have not been implemented, especially regarding local clan lands (ulayat rights of indigenous peoples). Therefore, this problem needs to be researched to get a true picture of the status of customary community rights in relation to regional autonomy in the Daily District of Samosir Regency. The results of this study, in the Samosir Kewenagan Regency Daily sub-district, the rights and obligations of regional government, it turns out that Tanah Marga (Hak Ulayat) is still regulated by local customary law, in fact the local government has the authority, rights and obligations to regulate and protect Ulayat Rights (Tanah Marga). certain by stipulation in the form of regional regulations, with the aim of providing legal certainty and benefits for the customary law community. Based on the research, it shows that the Land of Marga / Ulayat Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Harian District, generally in Samosir Regency, both horizontally and vertically until this research was conducted, there has been no settlement of certain customary rights of customary communities, in other words conflict resolution is still stagnant. The government needs to immediately establish the customary rights of customary communities in the form of a law. To ensure legal certainty / benefit and justice for all certain Customary law communities. Because ulayat rights are basically still found and still live according to the civilization of the Batak Toba people in the Daily District of Samosir Regency, which does not conflict with the development and interests of the Nation and the State.

scholarly journals OVERMACHT: ANALISIS YURIDIS PENUNDAAN PELAKSANAAN PRESTASI AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Tauratiya Tauratiya
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
School Work ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
National Disaster

On March 14, 2020, the government of the Republic of Indonesia announced the Covid-19 pandemic as a National Disaster. The whole community was asked to stay at home or work from home. This situation caused the daily activities of the community and government from school, work, trade, and others to become ineffective and delayed. This also affects all national and global corporate activities. Many business entities are disrupted due to the Large-Scale Social Limitation policy, so the company or a person cannot keep their promises as made in the previous agreement. This study examines whether Pandemic Covid-19 can be used as a reason for a person or a company to postpone the performance of achievements because it is considered as an overmacht, and how the legal force. This is a qualitative-library research using a juridical-normative approach. The results showed that overmacht is equated with the term force majeure meaning the state of force, in this case the debtor cannot be held accountable, because the situation occurs outside his control and not because of an element of negligence. The state of overmacht is regulated in the provisions of Article 1244 and Article 1245 of the Civil Code. The Covid-19 pandemic is considered as a forced condition, including the overmacht category, so that it can be used as an excuse for debtors to postpone or not carry out performance according to the agreement, provided that the debtor is able to provide reasons that the failure to fulfill the agreement is not because of them, but because something cannot be predictable, and inevitable.

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LAW NUMBER 9 OF 2013 REGARDING PREVENTION AND ERADICATION OF TERRORIST FINANCING

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Listawati Listawati
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Action Task Force ◽  
Terrorist Financing ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
History Of ◽  
Financial Action Task ◽  
Strong Commitment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

To response to various acts of terror which occurred in various countries, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) issued a policy in the form of a recommendations that contained a basic framework for the prevention and eradication of criminal acts of terrorist financing that could be universally applied. This implementation of the FATF standard is obligatory for all countries including Indonesia. One component of Indonesia's commitment to implementing the FATF standard is evidenced by the Establishment of Law Number 9 of 2013 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Terrorist Financing (TPPT Law). In this paper, we will discuss the history of the formation of the TPPT Law detailed with 2 (two) main focuses, namely the process of criminalizing acts of terrorist financing in the TPPT Law and the factors that encouraged the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to draft special regulations related to anti-terrorist financing. The review of the complexity of the two focuses shows the strong commitment of the state to preventing and eradicating terrorist financing crimes

scholarly journals SEJARAH KETATANEGARAAN PASCA PROKLAMASI KEMERDEKAAN 17 AGUSTUS 1945 SAMPAI 5 JULI 1959 DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Agil Burhan Satia ◽  
Cicik Nike Rimayani ◽  
Hesti Nuraini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
State Administration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Draft Constitution

A number of historians and legal experts consider that a number of major events in 1945 to 1959 affected the foundations and structures of Indonesian law. Therefore, through a theoretical and legislative approach, this paper discusses the history of Indonesian state administration from August 17, 1945 to July 5, 1959. The author concludes that the history of Indonesian state administration is inseparable from Proklamasi Kemerdekaan 17 Agustus 1945, the birth of UUD 1945, the birth of Konstritusi RIS 1949, Dekrit Presiden 5 Juli 1959, and the change of government system in the constitution. Proklamasi Kemerdekaan 17 Agustus 1945 contained three meanings, namely the sovereignty of the nation, the statement of independence, and efforts to uplift the nation's dignity. The birth of UUD 1945 contains a number of historical facts, namely the presentation of ideas on the basis of the state, the formation of the Draft Constitution and the establishment of UUD 1945. The birth of Konstritusi RIS 1949 included two historic events, namely the Perundingan Linggajati which gave rise to a variety of interpretations of Indonesian-Dutch sovereignty and the Konferensi Meja Bundar (KMB) which resulted in the formation of the United States of the Republic of Indonesia. Dekrit Presiden 5 Juli 1959 which contained the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, the re-enactment of UUD 1945, and the formation of the MPR. The change in the system of government outlined by the constitution also affected Indonesian state administration.

scholarly journals Kolaborasi Masyarakat Sipil dan Perusahaan dalam Pelaksanaan SDGs di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Meila Riskia Fitri ◽  
Putri Rima Jauhari
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

In the history of social movements in Indonesia, civil society organisation (CSO) has taken an important role. Even since the colonial period in order to seize independence, up to this day in terms of filling the development. The global development agenda or Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) require the role of various stakeholders, including civil society organizations and companies. The purpose of this research is to find out the form of collaboration between civil society and companies in the implementation of SDGs in Indonesia. The method used is library research. The results of this study show that Civil society Indonesia collaborates to ask the government as the person in charge of the State to implement transparent and accountable SDGs. The initiative is carried out by civil society in encouraging the role of various parties, including companies to actively participate in the implementation of SDGs in Indonesia. Among the initiatives carried out are encouraging multiparty cooperation, launching "Fiqh Zakat for SDGs", and building a multiparty platform. From the existing practices, it can be seen that there is a shifting pattern of the role of civil society, where previously faced with the State and the company, but today it is more towards collaborative work with two components in a Country.

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