scholarly journals Global Suicide Rates and Climatic Temperature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Arima ◽  
Hideki Kikumoto
Keyword(s):  
Cold Climate ◽  
Climate Classification ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Climatic Temperature ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Complicating Factors ◽  
Higher Temperature

Global suicide rates vary by country, yet the cause of this variability has not yet been explained satisfactorily. In this study, we analyzed averaged suicide rates and annual mean temperature in the early 21st century for 183 countries worldwide, and our results suggest that suicide rates vary with climatic temperature. The lowest suicide rates were found for countries with annual mean temperatures of approximately 20 °C. The correlation suicide rate and temperature is much stronger at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. In the countries with higher temperature, high suicide rates appear with its temperature over about 25 °C. We also investigated the variation in suicide rates with climate based on the Köppen–Geiger climate classification, and found suicide rates to be low in countries in dry zones regardless of annual mean temperature. Moreover, there were distinct trends in the suicide rates in island countries. Considering these complicating factors, a clear relationship between suicide rates and temperature is evident, for both hot and cold climate zones, in our dataset. Finally, low suicide rates are typically found in countries with annual mean temperatures within the established human thermal comfort range. This suggests that climatic temperature may affect suicide rates globally by effecting either hot or cold thermal stress on the human body.

scholarly journals CLIMATE CHANGES AND LANDSCAPE RESPONSES OF CHINA DURING THE PAST 40 YEARS (1979–2018) UNDER KÖPPEN-GEIGER CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol V-3-2020 ◽  
pp. 731-737
Author(s):  
Y. Feng ◽  
S. Du
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Climate Classification ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
The Past

Abstract. Under the background of global warming, China with diverse climate types is experiencing dramatic climate change. In this study, we produced a series of climate type map of China at 0.1° resolution from 1979 to 2018 using Köppen-Geiger climate classification, which provided continuous fine-scale decadal climate classification data for climate researches in China. Based on these climate maps, we divided China into four main climate zones: arid climate zone located on the north of Tibetan Plateau and west of Inner Mongolian Plateau, temperate climate zones in southern China, cold climate zone occupied most of Northeast Plain and North China Plain, and polar climate zone on Tibetan Plateau. The distribution of main climate classes in China have not changed significantly over 40 years, while the climate change mainly occurs at the levels of climate type and subtype changes. The frequency of climate changes shows the climate sensitivity of the region, and we identified the transition areas of climate zones with a high sensitivity to climate change. The change of climate types shows an obvious trend of rising temperature in all climate zones of China and increasing precipitation in most climate zones of China (the cold climate zone shows no significant dry or wet change). Overall, the climate in China is generally getting warmer and wetter in the past 40 years. Furthermore, we analysed the landscape responses on climate change with land cover data, e.g. the vegetation type variations in southern China and the snow cover fluctuations on Tibetan Plateau.

Principal operators' farm risk attitudes in hot and cold climates

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zia Wahdat ◽  
Michael Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Ordered Logit ◽  
Climate Classification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government

PurposeThe study investigates whether there is an association between climate types and farm risk attitudes of principal operators.Design/methodology/approachThe study exploits temperature variation in the diverse climate types across the US and defines hot- and cold-climate states. Ordered logit and generalized ordered logit models are used to model principal operators' farm risk attitudes, which are measured on a Likert scale. The study uses two datasets. The first dataset is a 2017 survey of US large commercial producers (LCPs). The second dataset provides a Köppen-Geiger climate classification of the US at a spatial resolution of 5 arcmin for a 25-year period (1986–2010).FindingsThe study finds that principal operators in hot-climate states are 4–5% more likely to have a higher willingness to take farm risk compared to principal operators in cold-climate states.Research limitations/implicationsIt is likely that farm risk mitigation decisions differ between hot- and cold-climate states. For instance, the authors show that corn acres' enrollment in federal crop insurance and computers' usage for farm business are pursued more intensely in cold-climate states than in hot-climate states. A differentiation of farm risk attitude by hot- and cold-climate states may help agribusiness, the government and economists in their farm product offerings, farm risk management programs and agricultural finance models, respectively.Originality/valueBased on Köppen-Geiger climate classification, the study introduces hot- and cold-climate concepts to understand the relationship between climate types and principal operators' farm risk attitudes.

scholarly journals Influence of Solar Reflectance and Renewable Energies on Residential Heating and Cooling Demand in Sustainable Architecture: A Case Study in Different Climate Zones in Spain Considering Their Urban Contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin ◽  
José-Manuel del-Río ◽  
Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Solar Reflectance ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Urban Contexts

In this research work, energy simulation was used as a forecasting tool in architectural design. It includes the study of a multi-family residential building in five different climate zones of Spain, i.e., A4 (very hot climate zones), B4 (hot climate zones), C4 (moderate climate zones), D3 (cold climate zones), and E1 (very cold climate zones). The authors accomplished a sensitivity analysis in order to identify the influence of passive strategies (i.e., with regard to solar reflectance) and renewable energy (i.e., with regard to aerothermal energy) on indoor temperatures and energy demands. The increment in indoor temperatures depends on the neighboring buildings so that effect of urban contexts as a source of protection against sunlight is also considered. The increment in the albedo (i.e., the solar reflectance) of the façade during the winter period produces little differences in indoor operative temperatures. On the contrary, during the summer period, it produces large temperature differences. Therefore, it is shown that colors significantly reduce temperatures from 1.24 to 3.04 °C, which means considerable annual energy savings. This research demonstrates that solar reflectance can reduce the air indoor operative temperature down to 4.16 °C during the month of May in the coldest climate zones. As a result of the simulations, it is noted that the coldest climate zones are influenced to a greater extent by the inclusion of their urban contexts in the simulations. However, the heating demand, without considering it, becomes lower. Therefore, ignoring the urban context produces important errors in the heating analysis (12.2% in the coldest climate zones) and also in the cooling analysis (39% in the hottest climate zones). Finally, the use of renewable energy in the configuration of a model with a high urban canyon (Hc), as well as with an east–west building orientation and a low albedo produces a difference of around 76% in the cooling costs within the hottest climate zones and around 73% in the heating costs within the coldest climate zones. The results of this study can be applied as a guideline in early architectural design.

Shifts of climate zones in multi-model climate change experiments using the Köppen climate classification

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Hanf ◽  
Janina Körper ◽  
Thomas Spangehl ◽  
Ulrich Cubasch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Classification ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Köppen Climate Classification

scholarly journals Clean Energy Transformation Investigation and Carbon Emission Analysis in Existing Urban Settlements in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Qiong Li ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Simin Zhang ◽  
Shilin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Carbon Peak

Abstract Carbon peak and carbon neutrality have been incorporated into the ecological civilization construction and social development strategy in China. At the same time, the implementation of clean energy transformation in urban settlements only relies on the mandatory provisions in the transformation design standards for a long time, and the transformation effect is inconsistent with the actual transformation demands of residents, which is contrary to the original intention of improving the living environment. A clean energy transformation investigation was conducted in the existing urban settlements in China from July to August 2020 in order to study the influencing factors and demands of residents' transformation intention in the clean energy transformation. The influencing factors and demand of urban residents' clean energy transformation intention were analyzed according to different climate zones, multivariate logistic regression and binary logistic regression. Taking Shandong Province as a case, a specific analysis of residential energy consumption data in cold climate zones is carried out, and the peak of residential carbon dioxide is predicted under the condition of different annual replacement rates of clean energy power generation. The results show that the residents' intention index of clean energy transformation is the highest in hot summer and cold winter area. The low motivation of clean energy transformation intention mainly comes from low annual income and high cost of living energy consumption considering the influencing factors of urban residents' clean energy transformation intention. In contrast, the high motivation of clean energy transformation intention is mainly from the not popular user of clean energy. For the demand of clean energy transformation, residents in cold regions have clear demand for energy-saving transformation of external walls and air conditioning, etc. residents consumption can be achieved the carbon peak by 2030 only when the annual growth rate of clean electricity reaches more than 5%.

scholarly journals Cool Roofs in the US: The Impact of Roof Reflectivity, Insulation and Attachment Method on Annual Energy Cost

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7656
Author(s):  
Athanasios Tzempelikos ◽  
Seungjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cool Roofs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Warm Climates

While it is well-known that cool roofs can efficiently reduce cooling demand in buildings, their overall energy performance in mixed and cold climates has been a topic of debate. This paper presents a comprehensive simulation study to evaluate the combined impact of roof reflectivity, insulation level, and construction type (adhered vs attached) on annual energy demand and energy costs in the United States, for different buildings and climate zones. EnergyPlus was used to model three building types (retail, office, and school buildings) for the 16 most climate-representative locations in the US using typical reflectivity and insulation values. The results show that (i) roof reflectivity is equally important to roof insulation in warm climates; (ii) for low-rise offices and schools, the benefits of reflective roofs vs dark-colored roofs are clear for all US climatic zones, with higher savings in warm climates; (iii) for big-box-retail buildings, reflective roofs perform better except for cold climate zones 7–8; (iv) dark-colored, mechanically attached roofs achieve slightly better performance than reflective roofs in mixed and cold climates. Decision makers should consider building type, climatic conditions, roof insulation levels, and durability performance, along with roof reflectivity, when assessing the overall potential benefits of cool roofs.

scholarly journals Is it a possibility to achieve energy plus prefabricated building worldwide?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Alkhalidi ◽  
Abeer Abuothman ◽  
Abdallah AlDweik ◽  
Al-Hamza Al-Bazaz
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Energy Plus ◽  
Full Study ◽  
Different Climates

Abstract Prefabricated buildings constructed to be used in a specific region cannot be assumed to work unconditionally in different climates around the world. It is important to develop passive house solutions for each location, suitable for the actual climate and geographic conditions. Shelters could be used in different applications such as refugee housing or telecommunication stations. Photovoltaic energy could cover the electricity consumption of these shelters. Shelters for different applications should be usable in all weather conditions, and because of that different climate zones were chosen. A full study about three climate zones was done to study the different factors that play a significant rule in choosing the location of the shelter. In this study, prefabricated housing was designed to ensure thermal comfort by doing structure design changes and using solar energy as an energy source. Three different locations have been chosen to be able to perform the best structure and components design for every location, taking into consideration the assumptions taken in each place. The total photovoltaic system was designed with a capacity of hot, moderate and cold climate zones with 2.0, 1.8 and 3.45 kWp, respectively, along with energy plus the production of 38% in the hot, 47% in the moderate and 28% in the cold climate.

scholarly journals Pervasive decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time across forest climate zones

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (49) ◽  
pp. 24662-24667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailiang Yu ◽  
William K. Smith ◽  
Anna T. Trugman ◽  
Richard Condit ◽  
Stephen P. Hubbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Carbon Turnover ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Vegetation Carbon

Forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Previous studies on the capacity of forests to sequester atmospheric CO2 have mostly focused on carbon uptake, but the roles of carbon turnover time and its spatiotemporal changes remain poorly understood. Here, we used long-term inventory data (1955 to 2018) from 695 mature forest plots to quantify temporal trends in living vegetation carbon turnover time across tropical, temperate, and cold climate zones, and compared plot data to 8 Earth system models (ESMs). Long-term plots consistently showed decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time, likely driven by increased tree mortality across all major climate zones. Changes in living vegetation carbon turnover time were negatively correlated with CO2 enrichment in both forest plot data and ESM simulations. However, plot-based correlations between living vegetation carbon turnover time and climate drivers such as precipitation and temperature diverged from those of ESM simulations. Our analyses suggest that forest carbon sinks are likely to be constrained by a decrease in living vegetation carbon turnover time, and accurate projections of forest carbon sink dynamics will require an improved representation of tree mortality processes and their sensitivity to climate in ESMs.

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