scholarly journals Cognitive Functioning and Socioeconomic Status across the Early Life Course

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Reason ◽  
Yang Claire Yang ◽  
Allison Aiello ◽  
Daniel Belsky ◽  
Kathleen M. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Social Stimulation ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
Life Course Health ◽  
Nationally Representative

To date, analysis of the social determinants of cognitive health among younger adults is scant, especially in the US context. This study set out to test the extent to which established models of life-course health development are able to explain the reciprocal relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive functioning from childhood through young adulthood. To do this, we used data from a nationally representative sample followed prospectively from adolescence through young adulthood that included information on SES and cognitive functioning at multiple points across the early life course. Additionally, this study aimed to expand these models by directly testing the role of occupational mental and social stimulation in influencing young-adulthood cognitive functioning. We did this by using linked occupational data that specifically measured job-task mental and social stimulation. Ultimately, our findings indicate an interwoven relationship between life-course SES, occupational characteristics, and cognition functioning across adolescence and young adulthood.

scholarly journals Childhood infectious diseases and old age cognitive functioning: a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. Rotstein ◽  
S. Z. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACT Background: Cumulative evidence suggests that health-related risk factors during midlife and old-age are associated with cognitive impairment. However, studies are needed to clarify the association between early-life risk factors and impaired cognitive functioning to increment existing knowledge. Objective: To examine the association between childhood infectious diseases and late-life cognitive functioning in a nationally representative sample of older adults. Participants: Eligible respondents were 2994 community-dwelling individuals aged 65–85. Measurements: Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Childhood infectious diseases (i.e. chicken pox, measles, and mumps) were self-reported. The study covariates were age, sex, highest educational level achieved, smoking status, body mass index, and depression. The primary statistical analysis examined the association between the number of childhood infectious diseases and total MMSE scores, accounting for all study covariates. Regression models of progressive complexity were examined for parsimony. The robustness of the primary results was tested in 17 sensitivity analyses. Results: The most parsimonious model was a linear adjusted model (Bayesian Information Criterion = 12646.09). Late-life cognitive functioning significantly improved as the number of childhood infectious diseases increased (β = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.26; p < 0.001). This effect was not significantly attenuated in all sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: The current study results are consistent with prior ecological findings indicating that some childhood infectious diseases are associated with better cognitive functioning in old-age. This points to an early-life modifiable risk factor associated with older-life cognitive functioning. Our results may reflect selective mortality and/or beneficial effects via hormetic processes.

scholarly journals The Influence of Early Life Health Conditions on Life Course Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Flores Mallo ◽  
Barbara Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Life Course Health

scholarly journals Early-Life Socioeconomic Status and Adult Physiological Functioning: A Life Course Examination of Biosocial Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Claire Yang ◽  
Karen Gerken ◽  
Kristen Schorpp ◽  
Courtney Boen ◽  
Kathleen Mullan Harris
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Early Life

scholarly journals The Boomerang Age from Childhood to Adulthood: Emergent Trends and Issues for Aging Families

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Primary Focus

From a historical, cross-comparative, life course perspective, this paper examines changing family-related transitions to adulthood and emergent trends and issues for aging families. Primary focus is placed on Canadian families, although comparisons will be made with several Western industrialized countries (U.S., Britain, France, Italy, Sweden). Using nationally representative data, key findings reveal a general extension of young adulthood, in addition to continuation, diversity and reversibility of family behaviours. Future patterns are also explored, in light of other socio-demographic and socio-economic change. It is concluded that aging families of the future will likely display elements of both modified individualism and increased diversification.

scholarly journals Early-life socioeconomic status and malocclusion in adolescents and young adults in Uruguay

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Leão Goettems ◽  
Mariana Ourens ◽  
Laura Cosetti ◽  
Susana Lorenzo ◽  
Ramon Álvarez-Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Life Course Approach

This study aims to estimate orthodontic treatment need among 15-24 year-old individuals in Montevideo, Uruguay, and the association of occlusal traits with demographic, clinical and socioeconomic factors, considering a life course approach. A cross-sectional study using data from the First National Oral Health Survey in Uruguay was conducted. A two-stage cluster procedure was used to select a sample of 278 individuals in Montevideo. Household interviews and oral examinations were performed by six dentists. Dental Aesthetic (DAI) and Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth Indices (DMFT) were used to assess orthodontic treatment need and dental caries, respectively. Early life and current socioeconomic factors were obtained from the interview. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the DAI index. Prevalence of definite malocclusion was 20.6%, followed by severe (8.2%) and very severe (7.6%). In the adjusted analysis, individuals with untreated dental caries (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.03-1.20) and those who reported a lower socioeconomic level at 6 years of age (OR = 5.52; 95%CI: 1.06-28.62) had a higher chance of being a worse case of malocclusion. Current socioeconomic position was not associated with orthodontic treatment need. Individuals aged 22-24 years (OR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.05-2.41) had a lower chance than those aged 14-17. This study shows that orthodontic treatment need is relatively high in Uruguayan adolescents and young adults. There is a potential relationship between early life socioeconomic status and the occurrence of malocclusion in adolescents and young adults under a life course approach

scholarly journals Occupational cognitive stimulation, socioeconomic status, and cognitive functioning in young adulthood

2022 ◽  
pp. 101024
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Stebbins ◽  
Yang Claire Yang ◽  
Max Reason ◽  
Allison E. Aiello ◽  
Daniel W. Belsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation
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