Early-Life Socioeconomic Status and Adult Physiological Functioning: A Life Course Examination of Biosocial Mechanisms

This study aims to estimate orthodontic treatment need among 15-24 year-old individuals in Montevideo, Uruguay, and the association of occlusal traits with demographic, clinical and socioeconomic factors, considering a life course approach. A cross-sectional study using data from the First National Oral Health Survey in Uruguay was conducted. A two-stage cluster procedure was used to select a sample of 278 individuals in Montevideo. Household interviews and oral examinations were performed by six dentists. Dental Aesthetic (DAI) and Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth Indices (DMFT) were used to assess orthodontic treatment need and dental caries, respectively. Early life and current socioeconomic factors were obtained from the interview. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the DAI index. Prevalence of definite malocclusion was 20.6%, followed by severe (8.2%) and very severe (7.6%). In the adjusted analysis, individuals with untreated dental caries (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.03-1.20) and those who reported a lower socioeconomic level at 6 years of age (OR = 5.52; 95%CI: 1.06-28.62) had a higher chance of being a worse case of malocclusion. Current socioeconomic position was not associated with orthodontic treatment need. Individuals aged 22-24 years (OR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.05-2.41) had a lower chance than those aged 14-17. This study shows that orthodontic treatment need is relatively high in Uruguayan adolescents and young adults. There is a potential relationship between early life socioeconomic status and the occurrence of malocclusion in adolescents and young adults under a life course approach

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Cognitive Functioning and Socioeconomic Status across the Early Life Course

10.31235/osf.io/mtu2h ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Max Reason ◽

Yang Claire Yang ◽

Allison Aiello ◽

Daniel Belsky ◽

Kathleen M. Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Life Course ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Early Life ◽

Reciprocal Relationship ◽

Social Stimulation ◽

Occupational Characteristics ◽

Life Course Health ◽

Nationally Representative

To date, analysis of the social determinants of cognitive health among younger adults is scant, especially in the US context. This study set out to test the extent to which established models of life-course health development are able to explain the reciprocal relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive functioning from childhood through young adulthood. To do this, we used data from a nationally representative sample followed prospectively from adolescence through young adulthood that included information on SES and cognitive functioning at multiple points across the early life course. Additionally, this study aimed to expand these models by directly testing the role of occupational mental and social stimulation in influencing young-adulthood cognitive functioning. We did this by using linked occupational data that specifically measured job-task mental and social stimulation. Ultimately, our findings indicate an interwoven relationship between life-course SES, occupational characteristics, and cognition functioning across adolescence and young adulthood.

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Early-Life Socioeconomic Status and Mortality in Later Life: An Integration of Four Life-Course Mechanisms

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gbt122 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 451-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Tetyana Pudrovska ◽

Benedicta Anikputa

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Life Course ◽

Early Life ◽

Later Life

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Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Later Life Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Neuropathological Lesions

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 164-164

Author(s):

Sarah Tom ◽

Amol Mehta ◽

Stepanie Izard ◽

Paul Crane ◽

David Bennett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Life Course ◽

Early Life ◽

Parental Education ◽

Brain Aging ◽

Late Life ◽

Later Life ◽

Braak Stage

Abstract While higher life course socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with lower Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) risk, relationships with AD-related neuropathological lesions are unclear. We hypothesize that high SES in early, mid and late life will be associated with lower frequency of AD-related pathological lesions. The Rush Memory and Aging Project is a cohort of 2025 people age ≥ 65 years from Northeastern Illinois recruited 1997 – 2018; 972 participants died. We created binary variables for Braak stage (0-II versus III-VI), NIA-Reagan score (low likelihood/no AD pathology versus high/intermediate likelihood), presence of microinfarcts and, separately, macroinfarcts, and life course SES based on median for late life (baseline income), midlife (income at age 40 years), and early life (composite of parental education and number of siblings). Logistic regression models adjusted for ages at baseline and death, sex, presence of APOE-Ɛ4 alleles, and separately, vascular factors and education. Of 761 participants with relevant data, 69% were women, and mean ages at baseline and death were 83 + 6 years and 90 + 6 years, respectively. High early life SES was related to lower frequency of AD pathology (OR= 0.69, 95% CI 0.50, 0.96) and macroinfarcts (OR= 0.69, 95% CI 0.51, 0.94). Results were similar when adjusting for vascular factors; adjustment for education modestly attenuated these associations. Mid-life and late life SES were not associated with AD-related neuropathological lesions. High early life SES was related to lower frequency of AD pathology and macroinfarct presence. Environment during early development may influence later life brain aging.

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Early-life social origins of later-life body weight: The role of socioeconomic status and health behaviors over the life course

Social Science Research ◽

10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.02.007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 59-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Tetyana Pudrovska ◽

Ellis Scott Logan ◽

Aliza Richman

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Body Weight ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Life Course ◽

Early Life ◽

Later Life ◽

Social Origins ◽

The Life Course ◽

Socioeconomic Status And Health

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Socioeconomic Status and Biological Risks for Health and Illness Across the Life Course

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gby108 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 613-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yang Claire Yang ◽

Kristen Schorpp ◽

Courtney Boen ◽

Moira Johnson ◽

Kathleen Mullan Harris

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Life Course ◽

Metabolic Disorder ◽

Early Life ◽

Linear Models ◽

Course Design ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Temporal Properties ◽

The Life Course

Abstract Objectives We assess the temporal properties and biosocial mechanisms underlying the associations between early-life socioeconomic status (SES) and later health. Using a life-course design spanning adolescence to older adulthood, we assess how early life and various dimensions of adult SES are associated with immune and metabolic function in different life stages and examine possible bio-behavioral and psychosocial mechanisms underlying these associations. Method Data for this study come from 3 national studies that collectively cover multiple stages of the life course (Add Health, MIDUS, and HRS). We estimated generalized linear models to examine the prospective associations between early-life SES, adult SES, and biomarkers of chronic inflammation and metabolic disorder assessed at follow-up. We further conducted formal tests of mediation to assess the role of adult SES in linking early SES to biological functions. Results We found that early-life SES exerted consistent protective effects for metabolic disorder across the life span, but waned with time for CRP. The protective effect of respondent education remained persistent for CRP but declined with age for metabolic disorder. Adult income and assets primarily protected respondents against physiological dysregulation in middle and old ages, but not in early adulthood. Discussion These findings are the first to elucidate the life-course patterns of SES that matter for underlying physiological functioning during the aging process to produce social gradients in health.

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