scholarly journals Public support for empowering police during the COVID-19 crisis: Evidence from London

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Yesberg ◽  
Zoe Hobson ◽  
Krisztián Pósch ◽  
Ben Bradford ◽  
Jonathan Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Police Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, police services around the world were granted unprecedented new powers to enforce social distancing restrictions to help to get the virus under control. Using data from a representative survey of Londoners fielded during the height of the first wave of the pandemic (April – June 2020), we explore the scale of public support for giving police additional powers to enforce the regulations, how support for different powers changed over time, and what factors predicted support. Aside from one lockdown-specific factor, we find that even in the midst of a pandemic, trust, legitimacy and affect were the most important predictors of support for police empowerment.

By Popular Demand: The Effect of Public Opinion on Income Inequality

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Andersen ◽  
Anthony Heath ◽  
David Weakliem
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Reciprocal Causation ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between public support for wage differentials and actual income inequality using data from the World Values Surveys. The distribution of income is more equal in nations where public opinion is more egalitarian. There is some evidence that the opinions of people with higher incomes are more influential than those of people with low incomes. Although the estimated relationship is stronger in democracies, it is present even under non-democratic governments, and the hypothesis that effects are equal cannot be rejected. We consider the possibility of reciprocal causation by means of an instrumental variables analysis, which yields no evidence that income distribution affects opinion.

Did They Mind the Gap? Voter/Party Ideological Proximity between the BQ, the NDP and Quebec Voters, 2006–2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Gauvin ◽  
Chris Chhim ◽  
Mike Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Federal Election ◽  
Party Manifestos ◽  
Longitudinal Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe 2011 Canadian federal election results changed the face of federal politics in Quebec. In a sudden and spectacular reversal of electoral fortunes, BQ support crumbled while that of the NDP surged. While most commentators focused exclusively on the 2011 election itself to explain what had happened, we offer an interpretation that takes a longitudinal approach. Using data from the Canadian Election Study and political party manifestos from 2006 to 2011, we propose a three-dimensional proximity model of voter/party congruence to explore the evolution of the ideological stances of Quebec voters and parties. Empirical results suggest these ideological distances between the NDP and Quebec voters decreased over time, whereas the BQ has distanced itself from voters. Furthermore, ideological distances between party and voters are a significant predictor of vote.

Outside the World of Tomorrow

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1027
Author(s):  
Daniel Hart London
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Corporate America ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Federation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Workplace Rights

This paper analyzes the 1939–1940 New York World’s Fair as a conflicted site of public-sphere formation, and the repercussions of these conflicts on organized labor in New York. Conceived within the liberal administration of Mayor La Guardia and dedicated to the principles of social cooperation, this “closed-shop exposition” granted American Federation of Labor (AFL) trade unions an unprecedented degree of workplace benefits and rhetorical support by the Fair administration. This was undermined, however, by the trade unions’ limited public activities within the fair itself and their refusal of city offers to establish outreach and educational programs through events, rallies, and pavilions. As a result, the public space and discourse of a fair nominally devoted to social interdependence was appropriated by a variety of other interests, particularly those of corporate America. This marginalization would ultimately contribute to delegitimization, as allegations of graft and racketeering by visitors, exhibitors, and the national media framed labor as a direct threat to the “World of Tomorrow” and its visitors. Millions of Americans found their visits marred by exorbitantly inflated prices, delayed by strikes, and disappointed by cancelled exhibits. In the face of outside pressure, and with labor groups unable to address hostile critiques within the fair itself, the exposition administration withdrew its public support for unions while dramatically restricting their workplace rights. In this way, the “business-union” principles of the AFL not only undermined their legitimacy in the eyes of the public, despite the efforts of liberal municipal officials to promote them, but ultimately served to undo those very workplace gains such principles were meant to secure.

E-Government and Related Indices

2020 ◽  
pp. 1810-1824
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Boyer-Wright ◽  
Jeffrey E. Kottemann
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Telecommunications Infrastructure ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Efficacy Index ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

The primary United Nations E-Government Index is a composite of three component indices: telecommunications infrastructure, human capital, and online e-government services, where the first two can be seen as enablers of the third. This study investigates the addition of a complementary component index for institutional efficacy, which is hypothesized to be another enabling factor. The institutional efficacy index is operationalized using existing measures gathered and made available by the World Bank. Statistical analysis shows that the institutional efficacy index is indeed a significant, additional predictor of online e-government services across nations. Following the presentation of basic results, qualitative analyses are undertaken to develop an assortment of generic national profiles. Preliminary analyses of changes over time are also presented using data from prior years, and directions for future research are outlined.

The Kitchen Sink

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Smith
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Scatter Plot ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

Back in the 1980s, I talked to an economics professor who made forecasts for a large bank based on simple correlations like the one in Figure 1. If he wanted to forecast consumer spending, he made a scatter plot of income and spending and used a transparent ruler to draw a line that seemed to fit the data. If the scatter looked like Figure 1, then when income went up, he predicted that spending would go up. The problem with his simple scatter plots is that the world is not simple. Income affects spending, but so does wealth. What if this professor happened to draw his scatter plot using data from a historical period in which income rose (increasing spending) but the stock market crashed (reducing spending) and the wealth effect was more powerful than the income effect, so that spending declined, as in Figure 2? The professor’s scatter plot of spending and income will indicate that an increase in income reduces spending. Then, when he tries to forecast spending for a period when income and wealth both increase, his prediction of a decline in spending will be disastrously wrong. Multiple regression to the rescue. Multiple regression models have multiple explanatory variables. For example, a model of consumer spending might be: C = a + bY + cW where C is consumer spending, Y is household income, and W is wealth. The order in which the explanatory variables are listed does not matter. What does matter is which variables are included in the model and which are left out. A large part of the art of regression analysis is choosing explanatory variables that are important and ignoring those that are unimportant. The coefficient b measures the effect on spending of an increase in income, holding wealth constant, and c measures the effect on spending of an increase in wealth, holding income constant. The math for estimating these coefficients is complicated but the principle is simple: choose the estimates that give the best predictions of consumer spending for the data used to estimate the model. In Chapter 4, we saw that spurious correlations can appear when we compare variables like spending, income, and wealth that all tend to increase over time.

SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS: FROM REVOLUTION TO EVOLUTION

COSMOS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRENDAN A. BURKETT
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Over Time

Solid-phase synthesis is a technique of synthesizing compounds that was first reported by R. Bruce Merrifield in 1963. This revolutionary way of performing chemical synthesis has changed the face of synthesis — yet few people outside the halls of chemical research will ever hear about it. So, what is this technique and why is it useful? How has the technique of solid-phase synthesis changed the world? How has the solid-phase synthesis changed over time? This article aims to give a background of the area of solid-phase synthesis and answer these questions.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY READING LEARNING IN THE FACE OF 21st CENTURY EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Ima Hariyanti Ningsih ◽  
Retno Winarni ◽  
Roemintoyo Roemintoyo
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
21St Century Education ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Using Data

The increasing technological developments currently have an impact on the world of education, especially in early reading learning. Reading is one of the skills that must be possessed by students, therefore reading skills must be taught at the beginning of entering the educational level. In the 21st century reading skills are included in literacy. It shows that mastery of reading skills is important to be mastered in the face of the 21st century. This research aims to know the importance of reading the beginning to face the 21st century education. The research uses descriptive qualitative methods, with data collection techniques including interviews, observation and documentation. The data validity technique using source trials. Data analysis using data reduction procedures, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study can be seen that the beginning of reading learning is emphasized to be mastered by students, considering that in 21st century student must have a skill. Mastered reading skills can help learners to think critically, solve a problem and master the various technologies available.

Support for Censorship of Online and Offline Media: The Partisan Divide in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 194016122093532
Author(s):  
Ali Çarkoğlu ◽  
Simge Andı
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Online News ◽  
Balance Theory ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Flow Of Information

The increasing popularity of online news and social media sites has made it more difficult than ever to control the flow of information. However, governments across the world are successfully continuing to restrict access to content that adversely affects their interests. This study examines the determinants of public support for censorship, as public support is likely to influence governments’ ability to regulate information. Using the Balance Theory and nationally representative survey data from Turkey, we analyze the support for censorship of both online and offline media. Our results suggest that pro-censorship attitudes are positively associated with peoples’ sympathy for the censor.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Psychological Correlates of Compliance with the COVID-19 Public Health Measures in France

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Brouard ◽  
Pavlos Vasilopoulos ◽  
Michael Becher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data

The COVID-19 disease was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, having since spread rapidly across the world. The infection and mortality rates of the disease have forced governments to implement a wave of public health measures. Depending on the context, these range from the implementation of simple hygienic rules to measures such as social distancing or lockdowns that cause major disruptions in citizens’ daily lives. The success of these crucial public health measures rests on the public's willingness to comply. However, individual differences in following the official public health recommendations for stopping the spread of COVID-19 have not yet to our knowledge been assessed. This study aims to fill this gap by assessing the sociodemographic and psychological correlates of implementing public health recommendations that aim to halt the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate these associations in the context of France, one of the countries that has been most severely affected by the pandemic, and which ended up under a nationwide lockdown on March 17. In the next sections we describe our theoretical expectations over the associations between sociodemographics, personality, ideology, and emotions with abiding by the COVID-19 public health measures. We then test these hypotheses using data from the French Election Study.

scholarly journals Quantifying Interagency Differences in Tropical Cyclone Best-Track Wind Speed Estimates

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 1459-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Knapp ◽  
Michael C. Kruk
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Spatially Inhomogeneous ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Numerous agencies around the world perform postseason analysis of tropical cyclone position and intensity, a process described as “best tracking.” However, this process is temporally and spatially inhomogeneous because data availability, operational techniques, and knowledge have changed over time and differ among agencies. The net result is that positions and intensities often vary for any given storm for different agencies. In light of these differences, it is imperative to analyze and document the interagency differences in tropical cyclone intensities. To that end, maximum sustained winds from different agencies were compared using data from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) global tropical cyclone dataset. Comparisons were made for a recent 5-yr period to investigate the current differences, where linear systematic differences were evident. Time series of the comparisons also showed temporal changes in the systematic differences, which suggest changes in operational procedures. Initial attempts were made to normalize maximum sustained winds by correcting for known changes in operational procedures. The result was mixed, in that the adjustments removed some but not all of the systematic differences. This suggests that more details on operational procedures are needed and that a complete reanalysis of tropical cyclone intensities should be performed.

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