scholarly journals Precarious Parental Employment, Economic Hardship, and Parenting and Child Happiness Amidst Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jui Han ◽  
Jake Hart
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Parental Employment ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Parental Views

As labor markets in recent decades have become increasingly volatile and precarious, more workers are susceptible to working conditions threatening their economic security. We examined the association between precarious parental employment, income or job loss, and parenting and child happiness during COVID-19 pandemic. We collected an online cross-sectional dataset collected in May 2020 in the United States to examine parental views on childrearing and child happiness, controlling for a rich set of sociodemographic characteristics. Our multivariate regression analysis indicate that two aspects of job precarity related to feeling vulnerable at work and receiving low material rewards from work, and losing job or income due to COVID-19 were significantly associated with a less positive view on childrearing and lower degree of child happiness reported by parents. Our analysis underscores the vulnerability faced by our parents at workforce and how a public health crisis magnified the dire consequences of a precarious job on parenting and child happiness.

scholarly journals Hard Times: Routine Schedule Unpredictability and Material Hardship among Service Sector Workers

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schneider ◽  
Kristen Harknett
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Food Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Work Schedules ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Advance Notice ◽  
Food Service Workers

Abstract American policymakers have long focused on work as a key means to improve economic wellbeing. Yet, work has become increasingly precarious and polarized. This precarity is manifest in low wages but also in unstable and unpredictable work schedules that often vary significantly week to week with little advance notice. We draw on new survey data from The Shift Project on 37,263 hourly retail and food service workers in the United States. We assess the association between routine unpredictability in work schedules and household material hardship. Using both cross-sectional models and panel models, we find that workers who receive shorter advanced notice, those who work on-call, those who experience last minute shift cancellation and timing changes, and those with more volatile work hours are more likely to experience hunger, residential, medical, and utility hardships as well as more overall hardship. Just-in-time work schedules afford employers a great deal of flexibility but at a heavy cost to workers’ economic security.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BONE DENSITY AND SOME CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL FACTORS IN THE PATIENTS WITH DIALYSIS CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Minh Nguyen Thanh ◽  
Tam Vo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
End Stage

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between bone density and osteoporosis with some clinical and subclinical factors in patients with dialysis chronic kidney patients. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, include 163 patients with dialysis chronic kidney disease, from January 2017 to December 2018 at the Department of Haemodyalysis, District 2 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Results: Bone density was negatively correlated with age at the lumbar spine (LS) (r = - 0.225), total hip (total H) (r = - 0.288), femoral neck (FN) (r = - 0.352); with urea at the total H (r = - 0.206), FN (r = - 0.194); with PTH at LS (r = - 0.266), total H (r = - 0.219), FN (r = - 0.168); with β2 Microglobulin at the LS (r = - 0.269). Bone density was positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate at the LS (r = 0.200), FN (r = 0.179); with vitamin D at the LS (r = 0.218) and total H (r = 0.179). Multivariate regression analysis of the risk of decreased bone density at the FN has 2 factors: age (OR = 1.117), PTH (OR = 1.001); at the LS, there are 3 factors: gender (OR = 4.572), PTH (OR=4.078), age (OR = 1.045); at the total H, there are 2 factors: PTH (OR = 3.683), age (OR = 1.117). Osteoporosis in all 3 positions was related to sex (p < 0.05) and age group (p < 0.01). Osteoporosis was associated with PTH, Phosphorus, Aluminum disorders at the FN (p < 0.05), with PTH at the LS (p < 0.05), with PTH, calcium at the total H (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis of the risk of osteoporosis has 3 factors: age (OR = 4.058), PTH (OR = 2.967), female (OR = 2.841). Conclusion: Bone density, osteoporosis is correlated, associated with common factors and factors associated with bone mineral disorders in patients with dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD - MBD). Key words: End-stage chronic kidney disease, dialysis, bone density

scholarly journals A Report from the NIMBioS/DySoC Investigative Workshop on the Mathematics of Gun Violence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby Scott
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The University

Gun violence is a central public concern in the United States, annually leading to the deaths of 36,000 individuals and the non-fatal injuries of 85,000 others. It has been called an epidemic and a public health crisis. In May of 2019, a diverse group of researchers participated in a workshop at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. This workshop was sponsored by the Center for the Dynamics of Social Complexity (DySoC) and the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS). The objectives of this workshop were to review the existing approaches on the mathematics and modeling of gun violence, identify and prioritize areas in the field that require further research, develop cross-disciplinary collaborations to gain new perspectives, and suggest research and data collection that could assist evidence-based policy recommendations. The purpose of this report is to present some of the responses to the mentioned objectives and to suggest areas of future research .

Abstract 412: Obesity is an Independent Predictor Of Arterial Stiffness

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Thanikachalam ◽  
Shasha Bai ◽  
Vijayakumar Harivanzan ◽  
Ragavendra R Baliga ◽  
William T Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Arterial stiffness assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate how various measures of obesity affect arterial stiffness. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey in 8,042 South Indians above the age of 20 years. Following completion of a detailed medical history questionnaire, all participants underwent haemodynamic screening including brachial and central blood pressure, and PWV measurements using a high-fidelity applanation tonometry. The study included anthropometric measurements and fasting blood for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and blood glucose (BG) levels. After the exclusion of people with previous history of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia on drug therapy, 5,841 subjects (mean age 41.6 years; 58% women) constituted the study sample Results In an univariate analysis, PWV correlated positively with age, mean blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body fat percent (BF%), TC, TG, LDL and BG levels (P <0.001) and negatively with HDL levels (P=0.005). In a multivariate regression analysis, majority of the PWV variability in the model was accounted for by MAP and age, (cumulative adjusted R2 change of 32.79% as compared to the total adjusted R2 change of 35.25%). However, BMI (β= 0.042; adjusted R2 change=2.83%; p<0.001) independently correlated with PWV and its contribution to the PWV variability was far more significant compared to LDL, BG and TG (cumulative adjusted R2 change=1.08%). Multivariate regression analysis using the WC, WHR, or BF% instead of the BMI continued to demonstrate a significant independent effect of obesity parameters on PWV. Conclusion: In a large a population-based cross-sectional survey the study demonstrates a positive, independent association between obesity parameters and increased arterial stiffness.

scholarly journals Opioid abuse in children: an emerging public health crisis in the United States!

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerajalandhar Allareddy ◽  
Sankeerth Rampa ◽  
Veerasathpurush Allareddy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis

scholarly journals Public health strategies to combat opioid epidemic in the United States: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Balidemaj
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Abstract Background The opioid epidemic in the United States is a national public health crisis. Driven by an increase in availability of pharmaceutical opioids and by an increase in their consumption, specifically, for pain treatment, more so in the past twenty years, it has led to an economic cost of prescription opioid abuse, overdose, and dependence in the United States estimated to be 78.5 billion USD. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate public health strategies that contribute towards combatting the opioid crisis. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, a search was conducted of the PubMed database for articles in English language that analyzed the most effective ways to regulate health markets to decrease the opioid crisis in the United States. Results The initial search yielded 2397 titles, of which 15 full-text articles were ultimately selected for inclusion in this systematic review. The review identified four categories in overcoming this epidemic nationwide, including required improvement in patient utilization of and access to safe and effective treatment options for opioid abuse and overdose, addressing the stigma correlated with opioid use, considering appropriate use of abuse deterrent formulations (ADF) along with patient education, and improving prescribing practices via utilization of drug monitoring programs, CDC opioid prescribing guidelines and provider continuing education. Conclusions Attempts to combat the opioid epidemic have been made, and the state and federal governments have only recently started to understand the magnitude of the seriousness of this public health crisis. While the methods with promising improvement of the situation have been identified, implementing them has shown to be a challenge. Continued application is needed, while considering possible new steps that could help reinforce their utilization further. Key messages Attempts to combat the opioid epidemic have been made, and the state and federal governments have only recently started to understand the magnitude of the seriousness of this public health crisis. The methods with promising improvement of the opioid crisis situation have been identified, however utilizing and implementing the existing public health strategies has shown to be a challenge.

scholarly journals Perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 infection from event attendance: Results from Louisiana, USA, two weeks preceding the national emergency declaration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Li ◽  
Bingcheng Yang ◽  
Jerrod Penn ◽  
Bailey Houghtaling ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
State University ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Louisiana State University

AbstractIn response to the mounting threat of COVID-19, we added questions to an ongoing food preference study held at Louisiana State University from March 3-12 of 2020. We asked 356 participants: (1) In your opinion, how likely is it that the spread of COVID-19 (the coronavirus) will cause a public health crisis in the United States? (2) How concerned are you that you will contract COVID-19 by attending events on campus? Participants’ estimates of an impending national health crisis increased significantly during the study’s second week (March 9-12) while concern about personally contracting COVID-19 from attending campus events increased only marginally during the study’s final days. We find those expressing a higher likelihood of an impending national crisis were more concerned about contracting COVID-19 by attending campus events, suggesting a possible transmission from perceptions of national-level events to perceived personal vulnerability via local exposure. However, about 30% of participants perceived that COVID-19 would likely cause a public health crisis yet did not express concern about contracting COVID-19 from event attendance. These participants were significantly more likely to be younger students who agreed to participate in response to recruitment using same day flyer distribution. Women expressed a higher likelihood of an emerging national health crisis, although they were not more concerned than men that attending campus events would result in virus contraction. Other groups (e.g., white, students younger than 25, highest income group) displayed similar concern about a national-level crisis, yet were significantly less concerned about contracting COVID-19 from attending campus events than others. Also, participants randomly assigned to information emphasizing the national impacts of food waste expressed significantly greater concern of contracting COVID-19 by attending campus events. These results provide some initial insight about how people perceived national and personal risks in the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis in Louisiana.

First data from OUT: The National Cancer Survey of LGBTQ+ survivors.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18544-e18544
Author(s):  
Nfn Scout ◽  
Michelle ED Veras ◽  
Bethany Andrews Rhoten ◽  
Reece ED Lyerly ◽  
Aurea ED Kasberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis

e18544 Background: Cultural barriers that inhibit LGBTQ cancer care are a public health crisis. Although LGBTQ cultural competency trainings are rapidly becoming the norm, patient-centered information is lacking for healthcare professionals in cancer care. The purpose of OUT: The National Cancer Survey is to understand the experiences of LGBTQ cancer survivors in order to make cancer care a safer and more welcoming place for survivors and their support teams. Methods: Individuals age 18 or older currently living in the United States who have been previously diagnosed with cancer and who identify as LGBTQ+ were recruited via community partnerships and targeted paid social media advertisements with an oversample of media outreach to Black Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC). Participants completed a cross-sectional web-based survey of their cancer care experiences. This resulted in a final sample of [1,600+] survivors, the largest known sample of LGBTQ+ cancer survivors in the world. The sample was weighted to adjust for U.S. sex assigned at birth and racial/ethnic demographics. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant responses, crosstabs were used to compare responses across demographic categories, and excerpted responses are used to highlight qualitative themes. Results: Participants ranged in age from X to X years (median X). X% of the sample identified as either gay or lesbian, X% as bi, and X% as trans or gender nonconforming. X% of the sample identified as White only, followed by X% as Latine, X% as Black and X% as other or mixed race. Most common cancer types included XYZ. When asked about welcoming care, X% of the sample reported they specifically sought an LGBTQ+ welcoming provider after diagnosis. Most common methods for finding such a provider included: X, X, and X. Most common cues that helped patients identify welcoming providers included X, X, and X. Overall X% reported receiving care in an LGBTQ+ welcoming environment but X% did not. Of those who did not receive care in a welcoming environment, they were more likely to be X, X, and X. Overall, X% of patients were out to their providers, but this varied by X, X, and X. The most common ways of coming out included X, X, and X. When asked what they wanted to tell health care providers to ensure better care, participants highlighted several themes, including: X, X, and X. These findings provide patient driven insights into how cancer care varies within the LGBTQ+ population by different demographic factors and specific strategies providers can take to enhance care for LGBTQ+ people.

The Teacher Uprising, 2010–2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Teacher Union ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Big City

When Chicago teachers went on strike in 2012, they highlighted an emergent militance among teachers in the United States. Led by the Caucus of Rank-and-File Educators (CORE), the Chicago Teacher Union (CTU) in the 2010s sought to use the collective bargaining process not only to fight for better salaries and working conditions, but also to dramatically improve the lives of their students through racial justice initiatives and more services such as school nurses and social workers. Other big city unions, some in dialogue with the CTU through the United Caucus of Rank-and-File Educators (UCORE), embarked on similar campaigns. Elsewhere, teachers staged state-wide walkouts. In February 2018, teachers in all of West Virginia’s fifty-five counties went on strike to protest stagnant pay and escalating healthcare costs. Their efforts, which forced a Republican legislature to substantially increase education spending, inspired similar red-state walkouts in the months that followed. Strikes in Oklahoma and Arizona also won major funding hikes, for example. Then, in early 2019, militant teachers walked out in Los Angeles, Oakland, and Denver, and in the fall, the CTU was on strike again, this time with even broader demands than in 2012. Another year of militance might have occurred in 2020, but the global COVID-19 pandemic forced school districts and unions to focus on the immediate public health crisis. Unions pivoted to demanding that districts maintain protocols to ensure teachers, students, and their families were kept safe from the virus.

Differences in Mortality Rates of Gunshot Victims: The Influence of Neighborhood Social Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 108876792110471
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Firearm Violence ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Physical Features

Firearm violence is considered a public health crisis in the United States. Firearm violence spatially concentrates within neighborhoods and is associated with community factors; however, little is understood about the geographic differences in gunshot wound mortality and associated neighborhood social processes. Applying a public health approach through the Haddon’s Matrix, the results demonstrate systematic differences in social and physical features associated with gunshot mortality. These findings have important implications to improve neighborhood physical and social conditions, police transporting gunshot victims, and police-public health partnerships to improve data collection on nonfatal shootings and shots fired.

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