scholarly journals Beyond the Great Recession: Labor Market Polarization and Ongoing Fertility Decline in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Racial Ethnic

In the years since the Great Recession, social scientists have anticipated that economic recovery in the U.S., characterized by gains in employment and median household income, would augur a reversal of declining fertility trends. However, the expected post-recession rebound in fertility rates has yet to materialize. In this study, I propose an economic explanation for why fertility rates have continued to decline regardless of improvements in conventional economic indicators. I argue that ongoing structural changes in U.S. labor markets have prolonged the financial uncertainty that leads women and couples to delay or forego childbearing. Combining statistical and survey data with restricted use vital registration records, I examine how cyclical and structural changes in metropolitan-area labor markets were associated with changes in total fertility rates (TFR) across racial/ethnic groups from the early 1990s to the present day, with a particular focus on the period between 2006-2014. The findings suggest that changes in industry composition – specifically, the loss of manufacturing and construction businesses – have a larger effect on TFR than changes in the unemployment rate for all racial/ethnic groups. Since structural changes in labor markets are more likely to be sustained over time, in contrast to unemployment rates which fluctuate with economic cycles, further reductions in unemployment are unlikely to reverse declining fertility trends.

scholarly journals The Differential Incidence and Severity of Food Insecurity by Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant Groups over the Great Recession in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Flores-Lagunes ◽  
Hugo B. Jales ◽  
Judith Liu ◽  
Norbert L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

We document the differences in food insecurity incidence and severity by race/ethnicity and immigrant status over the Great Recession. We show that the disadvantaged groups with a higher incidence of food insecurity do not necessarily have a higher severity of food insecurity, which underscores the importance of examining both the extensive and intensive margins of food insecurity. Our decomposition analysis indicates that the contribution of compositional and structural factors to the observed differences in exposure to food insecurity is heterogeneous across these groups and over the Great Recession. Finally, SNAP does not seem to fundamentally change the patterns documented.

scholarly journals Moving to a Job: The Role of Home Equity, Debt, and Access to Credit

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Demyanyk ◽  
Dmytro Hryshko ◽  
María Jose Luengo-Prado ◽  
Bent E. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Home Equity ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
Out Of Area

We use individual-level credit reports merged with loan-level mortgage data to estimate how home equity interacted with mobility in relatively weak and strong labor markets in the United States during the Great Recession. We construct a dynamic model of housing, consumption, employment, and relocation, which provides a structural interpretation of our empirical results and allows us to explore the role that foreclosure played in labor mobility. We find that negative home equity is not a significant barrier to job-related mobility because the benefits of accepting an out-of-area job outweigh the costs of moving. This pattern holds even if homeowners are not able to default on their mortgages. (JEL D14, G01, J61, R23, R31)

scholarly journals Automation vs. Jobs

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (04) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Alan S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of automation on jobs. Since the end of the Great Recession in June 2009, the GDP of the United States has grown 75% as fast as its average between 1948 and 2007. Ordinarily, such growth would spur companies to hire more workers. However, the fact is that overall unemployment has hovered above 9% for most of the past three years and remains stubbornly high. The percentage of working adults is at its lowest level since 1983, when women were still entering the workforce. Instead of hiring workers, companies are now investing in equipment and technology, which rebounded quickly after the recession. Some economists contend that advanced information and communications technology is transforming the economy by capturing jobs that only humans could have done before. They even consider digital technology when looking at the potential causes of unemployment. They also believe this is a sign of deeper structural changes in the economy.

scholarly journals Post-Pandemic Fertility: Lessons from the Great Recession

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The U.S

In “Beyond the Great Recession: Labor Market Polarization and Ongoing Fertility Decline in the United States,” I investigated the economic reasons for why fertility rates in the United States continued to decrease after the Great Recession. The findings of this research might be informative of how the COVID-19 induced recession that began in March 2020 might influence fertility rates in the U.S. and perhaps other high-income countries. The scenarios presented here are based on (a) different forecasts of the pace and character of economic recovery, and (b) potential government interventions that are put into place to stabilize the economy.

scholarly journals The Recovery from the Great Recession: A Long, Evolving Expansion

2021 ◽  
Vol 695 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-48
Author(s):  
Jay C. Shambaugh ◽  
Michael R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Real Wage ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
United States Economy ◽  
The Business Cycle

Prior to 2020, the Great Recession was the most important macroeconomic shock to the United States’ economy in generations. Millions lost jobs and homes. At its peak, one in ten workers who wanted a job could not find one. On an annual basis, the economy contracted by more than it had since the Great Depression. A slow and steady recovery followed the Great Recession’s official end in summer 2009, but because it was slow and the depth of the recession so deep, it took years to reduce slack in labor markets. But because the recovery lasted so long, many pre-recession peaks were exceeded, and eventually real wage growth accumulated for workers across the distribution. In fact, the business cycle (including recession and recovery) beginning in December 2007 was one of the better periods of real wage growth in many decades, with the bulk of that coming in the last years of the recovery.

Disruptive Soft Law and Post-Crisis US Reform

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham L. Newman ◽  
Elliot Posner
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Interaction

Chapter 6 examines the long-term effects of international soft law on policy in the United States since 2008. The extent and type of post-crisis US cooperation with foreign jurisdictions have varied considerably with far-reaching ramifications for international financial markets. Focusing on the international interaction of reforms in banking and derivatives, the chapter uses the book’s approach to understand US regulation in the wake of the Great Recession. The authors attribute seemingly random variation in the US relationship to foreign regulation and markets to differences in pre-crisis international soft law. Here, the existence (or absence) of robust soft law and standard-creating institutions determines the resources available to policy entrepreneurs as well as their orientation and attitudes toward international cooperation. Soft law plays a central role in the evolution of US regulatory reform and its interface with the rest of the world.

The Great Recession, behavioral health, and self-rated health: An examination of racial/ethnic differences in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 106873
Author(s):  
Nina Mulia ◽  
Yu Ye ◽  
Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe ◽  
Libo Li ◽  
William C. Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
The Us ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Imagining Her Future: Diversity in Mothers’ Socialization Goals for Their Adolescent Daughters

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ramirez ◽  
Linda Oshin ◽  
Stephanie Milan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Socialization Goals ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Q Sort

According to developmental niche theory, members of different cultural and ethnic groups often have distinct ideas about what children need to become well-adapted adults. These beliefs are reflected in parents’ long-term socialization goals for their children. In this study, we test whether specific themes that have been deemed important in literature on diverse families in the United States (e.g., Strong Black Woman [SBW], marianismo, familismo) are evident in mothers’ long-term socialization goals. Participants included 192 mothers of teenage daughters from a low-income city in the United States (58% Latina, 22% African American, and 20% European American [EA]/White). Socialization goals were assessed through a q-sort task on important traits for a woman to possess and content analysis of open-ended responses about what values mothers hoped they would transmit to their daughters as they become adults. Results from ANCOVAs and logistic regression indicate significant racial/ethnic differences on both tasks consistent with hypotheses. On the q-sort task, African American mothers put more importance on women possessing traits such as independence than mothers from other racial/ethnic groups. Similarly, they were more likely to emphasize self-confidence and strength in what they hoped to transmit to their daughters. Contrary to expectation, Latina mothers did not emphasize social traits on the q-sort; however, in open-ended responses, they were more likely to focus on the importance of motherhood, one aspect of marianismo and familismo. Overall, results suggest that these mothers’ long-term socialization goals incorporate culturally relevant values considered important for African American and Latino families.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document