Acute phase proteins in veterinary medicine: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ali Abdullah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Made In

The acute phase proteins (APPs) are a group of blood proteins that contribute to restoring homeostasis and limiting microbial growth in an antibody-independent manner in animals which are exposed to different pathological conditions like infection, inflammation, surgical trauma and stress. In the last two decades, many advances have been made in monitoring APPs in both farm and companion animals for clinical and experimental purposes. Also, the mechanism of the APPs response is receiving attention in veterinary science in connection with the innate immune systems of animals. This review describes the many of new results of research and role APPs in farm animal, with special reference to their functions, types, induction and regulatory expression, some of biological functions, and their current and future applications to veterinary diagnosis and animal production.

scholarly journals Acute Phase Proteins response and their clinical application in veterinary medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Paula Alessandra Di Filippo ◽  
Wesley Matheus Rocha Sousa ◽  
Thaís Ayumi Stedile Fujimoto ◽  
Francisco Claudio Dantas Mota ◽  
Aracelle Elisane Alves
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Clinical Applicability

Acute phase proteins (APP) are the group of blood proteins that the synthesis happens in a quick and intense manner in response to external or internal challenges, such as infection, inflammation, surgical trauma or stress. These proteins have been used as biomarkers of inflammation, infection and trauma in human medicine, but have been relatively under-utilised in the context of veterinary medicine due to the unknown diagnostic possibilities. The purpose of this paper is to update the knowledge about APPs in veterinary medicine, reviewing results from different studies suggesting possible clinical applicability of APP measurement as a valuable tool for veterinary diagnostic and prognostic.

scholarly journals Gp130-Dependent Release of Acute Phase Proteins Is Linked to the Activation of Innate Immune Signaling Pathways

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e19427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Luchtefeld ◽  
Christoph Preuss ◽  
Frank Rühle ◽  
Eskindir P. Bogalle ◽  
Anika Sietmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Signaling ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling

scholarly journals Acute phase biomarkers of diseases in small ruminants: an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
P.T. Iliev ◽  
T.M. Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Aseptic Inflammation ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a large group of proteins synthesised mainly by the liver. Their production is stimulated in response to disturbances in the systemic homeostasis. It is known that each species has a specific set of APPs. Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin are the main APPs in small ruminants and their plasma concentration is changed most significantly in comparison with minor APPs such as ceruloplasmin. In general, APPs could provide valuable information on the general condition of the organism but cannot point at the exact disease. Therefore, APPs should be included as an additional indicator in clinical diagnosis. Knowledge of APPs behaviour in disease states has a remarkable potential for detecting animals with subclinical infections, determining the prognosis of clinical infection, differentiation between viral and bacterial disease, treatment monitoring, vaccine effectiveness and stress conditions. The aim of this review is to present data on APPs behaviour during some parasitic and infectious diseases as well as pathological conditions leading to aseptic inflammation and stress in sheep and goats.

scholarly journals Peri-operative nutritional management

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Bozzetti
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Metabolic Reaction ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Endogenous Substrates

The metabolic response to surgical trauma is mainly characterised by an increase in BMR, a negative N balance, increased gluconeogenesis and increased synthesis of acute-phase proteins. These reactions aim at ensuring the availability of endogenous substrates for healing wounds while the synthesis of acute-phase proteins enhances the scavenging process and helps repair. However, if this process is excessive or continues for too long, it leads to a progressive depletion of body compartment with a consequent adverse outcome. Obviously, the severity of such depletion is magnified if the patient is starving or is already malnourished and the consumption of lean body mass is not compensated by an exogenous supply of nutrients. The nutritional control of this metabolic reaction represents the traditional rationale for nutritional support of surgical patients. Subsequent data have shown that the negative effects of starvation are not simply due to the starvation per se but due to the starving gut, and peri-operative enteral nutrition has proven successful in blunting the metabolic response after injury and improving protein kinetics, net balance and amino acid flux across peripheral tissue and consequently in decreasing the complications. Finally, further clinical research has shown that many post-operative infections may result from immune suppression and that such state might be reversed to some degree by modulation of the immune response through specialised nutritional support in surgical patients, regardless of their nutritional status. This paper will focus on the updated evidence-based research on peri-operative nutrition (parenteral, enteral and immune-enhancing) in patients undergoing major surgery.

Acute-phase proteins in different pathological conditions at the lungs of buffaloes

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Abdelbaset E. Abdelbaset ◽  
M. R. Abd Ellah ◽  
Sary Kh. Abd ElGhaffar ◽  
Ali H. Sadiek
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Pathological Conditions

scholarly journals Changes in Acute Phase Proteins in Bitches after Laparoscopic, Midline, and Flank Ovariectomy Using the Same Method for Hemostasis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2223
Author(s):  
Ayla Del Romero ◽  
Belén Cuervo ◽  
Pau Peláez ◽  
Laura Miguel ◽  
Marta Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Serum Crp

Acute phase proteins (APP) are biomarkers of systemic inflammation, which allow monitoring the evolution of diseases, the response to treatments, and post-operative complications. Ovariectomy (OVE) is frequently performed in veterinary medicine and can be a useful model to evaluate surgical trauma and inflammation in the bitch. The objective was to investigate and compare the acute phase response (APR) after applying three different OVE techniques by measuring serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), albumin (Alb), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1). Forty-five intact bitches were included in the study, being randomly distributed into three groups: laparoscopic OVE (L), midline OVE (M), and flank OVE (F). Serum CRP, Hp, Alb, and PON-1 were measured before surgery, 1, 24, 72, and 168 h post-intervention. CRP levels increased significantly 24 h post-surgery in the M and F groups, but no significant variation was observed in the L group at any time of the study period. Hp was significantly higher in group L than in group F 72 h post-surgery. Alb and PON-1 showed no statistical difference among groups or among sampling periods. CRP response suggests that the use of laparoscopic procedures produce lower inflammation compared to open conventional approaches when performing OVE in the bitch.

scholarly journals Neonatal levels of acute phase proteins and risk of autism spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Gardner ◽  
Brian K. Lee ◽  
Martin Brynge ◽  
Hugo Sjöqvist ◽  
Christina Dalman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractBackgroundImmune signaling pathways influence neurodevelopment and are hypothesized to contribute to the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We aimed to assess risk of ASD in relation to levels of neonatal acute phase proteins, key components of innate immune function, measured in neonatal dried blood spots.MethodWe included 924 ASD cases, 1092 unaffected population-based controls, and 203 unaffected siblings to ASD cases in this case-control study nested within the register-based Stockholm Youth Cohort. Concentrations of nine different acute phase proteins were measured in eluates from neonatal dried blood spots from cases, controls, and siblings using a bead-based multiplex assay.ResultsC reactive protein was consistently associated with odds of ASD in case-control comparisons, with higher odds associated with the highest quintile compared to the middle quintile (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10 – 2.04) in adjusted analyses. In contrast, the lowest quintiles of alpha-2-macroglobulin (3.71, 1.21 – 11.33), ferritin (4.20, 1.40 – 12.65), and Serum Amyloid P (3.05, 1.16 – 8.01) were associated with odds of ASD in the matched sibling comparison. Neonatal acute phase proteins varied with perinatal environmental factors and maternal/fetal phenotypes. Significant interactions in terms of risk for ASD were observed between neonatal acute phase proteins and maternal infection in late pregnancy, maternal anemia, and maternal psychiatric history.ConclusionsIndicators of the neonatal innate immune response are associated with risk for ASD, though the nature of these associations varies considerably with factors in the perinatal environment and the genetic background of the comparison group.

Acute Phase Proteins: How they portray Mastitis – A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Aasif Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
Thulasiraman Parkunan ◽  
Mohammad Rayees Dar ◽  
Lakshmi Priyadarshini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Amyloid A

Acute Phase Proteins are blood proteins primarily synthesized by hepatocytes as part of the acute phase response (APR). APR to disease is accompanied by an increase in the circulating concentration of a number of plasma proteins which are collectively known as the Acute Phase Proteins. According to the concentration, APPs are classified in positive APP, if they increase or negative APP, if they decrease. During mastitis, APPs move from the systemic circulation to mammary gland or there could be de-novo synthesis of the APP within mammary gland tissues. Among the APPs, Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Haptoglobin (Hp), Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and Lipopolysaccharide binding protein play a major role during mastitis in cattle and their concentration will increase with the severity of the infection, inflammation or trauma. SAA is involved in defense against Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens. SAA acts by modulating innate immune system and by acting as an opsonin. Among the SAA isoforms, mammary associated SAA3 (m-SAA3) is important. The blood concentration of SAA and Hp increases dramatically after LPS infusion, with SAA (acute and middle phase of APR) appearing before Hp (Late phase of APR). The herd level APP might be useful for determining the prevalence of clinical and subclinical infections indicated by the high serum concentration of selected APP and by serving as the prognostic tool. APPs, used as markers of animal health may possibly be influenced by environmental factors, handling procedures and other types of stress in the absence of disease.

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