scholarly journals In vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Crude Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Croton macrostachyus against Some Bacterial and Fungal Test Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selam Habtom ◽  
◽  
Sibhatu Gebrehiwot ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus

scholarly journals In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Anti-HIV Activity of Crude Extracts of Croton macrostachyus, Croton megalocarpus and Croton dichogamus

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 971-979
Author(s):  
Ermias Mergia Terefe ◽  
Faith Apolot Okalebo ◽  
Solomon Derese ◽  
Joseph Muriuki ◽  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Anti Hiv

scholarly journals In-vitro Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Plant Extracts against Some Medically and Agriculturally Important Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-189
Author(s):  
Yirgashewa Asfere ◽  
Ameha Kebede ◽  
Dejene Zinabu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Scientific Justification

In Ethiopia, many plants are used for medicinal drive-by old-style naturopaths without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. The principal aim of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts of Rhamnus prinioides (gesho), Justicia schimperiana (sensel) and Ruta chalepensis (Tena adam) against some common pathogenic species of bacteria and fungi. The results of this study shown that the crude extracts of ethanol, methanol, hexane and water crude extracts had antimicrobial activities on most bacterial and fungi species of some solvent extracts. Ethanol and methanol crude extracts had the highest growth inhibitory effects as compared with those of the aqueous and hexane crude extracts. But, the four solvent crude extracts had fewer antimicrobial activities than commercially available drug(chloramphenicol and clotrimazole). Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most vulnerable microbes to the crude ethanol (99.5%). The growth-inhibitory events of the crude extracts were found to be significantly dissimilar for both concentrations (30 and 60 mg/ml) in all plant parts (p < 0.05). In general, this study did not only indicate that the antibacterial activities of R. prinioides (gesho), J. schimperiana (sensel) and R. chalepensis (Tena adam). It also accesses a scientific justification for its old-style use against some diseases.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ephedra gerardiana (Root and Stem) Crude Extract and Fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Khan ◽  
Gul Jan ◽  
Afsar Khan ◽  
Farzana Gul Jan ◽  
Ali Bahadur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Stem Extract

The utilization of medicinal plants to treat infectious disease is a common practice in developing countries worldwide. The present study was aimed at evaluating the crude extracts of Ephedra gerardiana (root and stem) with different chemicals for antioxidant and antimicrobial (fungal and bacterial) potential. The results revealed that the ethyl acetate fractions of E. gerardiana (root and stem) have significant free radical scavenging potential with values 2.96±0.39 and 2.73±0.84 while n-butanol and aqueous fractions showed IC502.69±0.26 and 3.44±0.69 µg/ml in stem. Furthermore, crude extract and fractions also revealed promising antibacterial activities against all tested microbial strains while aqueous fraction showed no activities against Bacillus subtilis, Kleibsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, all crude extracts and fractions were nonactive against fungal strain, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, as compare to control. In summary, the Ephedra gerardiana (root and stem) extract and fraction possess antioxidant activities, which might be helpful in preventing or slowing the progress of various oxidative stresses, suggested to be a strong pharmaceutical agent.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Olea europaea, Kigelia africana, Terminalia mollis, Croton Macrostachyus and Bridella micrantha, Kenyan Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Mukhwana Dennis Wafula ◽  
Ayieko Cyrus ◽  
Mweresa Collins ◽  
Ingonga Johnstone ◽  
Matoke-Muhia Damaris
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Olea Europaéa

Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem globally. Visceral leishmaniasis is known to be fatal if left untreated, while cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most neglected. The first-line treatment of leishmaniasis is based on pentavalent antimonial drugs which are expensive, requiring inpatient treatment and toxic. The Plants containing active compounds against other protozoan diseases may offer alternatives against leishmania parasites. This study determined the in vitro antileishmanial activity of Olea europaea, Kigelia africana, Terminalia mollis, Croton macrostachyus and Bridella micrantha extracts. The plant samples were dried, pulverized into fine powders and extracted using ethanol at the Center for Traditional Medicine and Drugs Research, KEMRI. The in vitro assays were carried out at the Leishmania laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, KEMRI. In in- vitro assays the inhibitory concentrations (IC50) and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) on L. major promastigotes, percentage rates of macrophages infected by amastigotes and cytotoxicity on Vero cells were determined. For each parameter analyzed, differences among treatment groups exposed to different drugs were tested by logistic regression. Results showed that promastogote and amastigote growth inhibition was significantly affected by the crude extracts from the plants (P < 0.05) after 24 hours of exposure where the most effective drug was the standard drug (Amphotericin B) while among the crude extracts of the herbal drugs, T. mollis was the most effective against amastigote followed by C. macrostachyus while O. europaea was the least effective. Mammalian cell viability was significantly affected by the various test compounds (P < 0.05) after 24 hours exposure where % cell viability of herbal drugs, B. microstachyus, O. africana resulted to the most toxic effects by reducing the % cell viability to less than 50%. The study recommends the use of T. mollis in management of leishmaniasis in areas they occur. Further analysis of the active compounds that that affect efficacy of the plant extracts is advised.

scholarly journals Anthraquinones from the Roots of Kniphofia insignis and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Asnakew Amare Tadesse ◽  
Negera Abdissa Ayana ◽  
Dele Abdissa Keneni
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

Sequential extraction using a cold maceration method and column chromatographic separation of the roots Kniphofia insignis headed to the isolation of three anthraquinones: one monomeric anthraquinone (1) and two dimeric anthraquinones (2 and 3). It was further purified by Sephadex LH-20 and recrystallized. The structures of these compounds were established based on the spectroscopic analyses including NMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and infrared) and comparison with reported literatures. In an in vitro antimicrobial assay of the crude extracts, the isolated compounds were made against four bacterial strains (S. aureus ATCC 25923, B. subtilis ATCC 6633, E. coli ATCC 35218, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and Fusarium spp. fungal strain. In the crude extracts of chloroform, substantial antimicrobial activity was seen with the highest activity against B. subtilis (16 mm) and E. coli (22 mm). Meanwhile, compound 1 has a better zone of inhibition with 14 mm against P. aeruginosa, whereas compound 2 showed better activity (13 mm) against Fusarium spp. fungal strain.

scholarly journals In Vitro Egg Hatchability Inhibition Effect of Albizia gummifera, Phytolacca dodecandra, and Vernonia amygdalina against Natural Infection of Ovine GIT Nematodes

2019 ◽  
pp. 04-06
Author(s):  
Bizuneh Tsehayneh ◽  
Achenef Melaku
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Phytolacca Dodecandra ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Albizia Gummifera

An in-vitro experiment was carried out to evaluate the egg hatching inhibition effect of three herbal plants, namely;Albizia gummifera, Phytolacca dodecandra, and Vernonia amygdalina. The leaves of these plants were collected; air dried and powdered with pestle and mortar, and then hydro-alcoholic extraction was performed and in measuring the percentage yield, P. dodecandra givesbetter yield (15.34%). Crude extract of these plants were evaluated for egg hatchability assay at different concentrations (3mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml) for each plant and the experiment was replicated five times. Ivermectin (0.1ml/ml) was used as positive control. Among the plants, the crude extracts of P. dodecandrahad better activity that achieved maximum (100%) egg hatch inhibition at concentrations of 5 mg/ml while V. amygdalina and A. gummifera induced complete inhibition at concentration of 10 mg/ml after 48 hours of exposure. All the three plant crude extracts were inhibit egg hatchability significantly (p< 0.05) as compared  with the negative control but the inhibition among them were not significantly different in the effect. In conclusion, this study revealed that all of the three plant extracts have high inhibition potential on the hatchability of gastrointestinal nematode eggs. More detailed study on vivo anthelmintic effects of these plants with different extraction methods and phytochemical screening should be done.

scholarly journals Exploring the Potential of Natural Products From Mangrove Rhizosphere Bacteria as Biopesticides Against Plant Diseases

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 2925-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyun Hao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xinqi Chen ◽  
Xiaoli Zheng ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Plant Disease Management

With increasing concerns of the environmental problems associated with current fungicide application, investigation of alternative, environmentally compatible biopesticides for plant disease management is needed. A total of 113 strains associated with Acanthus ilicifolius Linn in the Maipo Reserve, Hong Kong, were isolated and identified. In vitro assay with crude extracts of bacterial fermentation cultures identified ∼26% of the isolates producing antimicrobial compounds against a variety of agriculturally important phytopathogens. Selected crude extracts with inhibition to Colletotrichum fructicola and Magnaporthe oryzae growth significantly suppressed anthracnose and rice blast development in pear fruits and rice plants, respectively, when applied at 50 μg ml−1. Furthermore, 10 of 14 selected crude extracts with good antimicrobial activities had no significant differences in toxicity to the genus Chlorella compared with the control when used at 25 μg ml−1, whereas Amistar Top and Mancozeb completely killed the alga under the same concentration. These data illustrate the potential of natural products from mangrove rhizosphere bacteria in future agricultural application.

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