A study on the ecology and economic impact of major invasive weed species of coconut homesteads of Nattika, India

Out of the 4 alien invasive species three are of high risk namely Mikania micrantha, Chromolaena odorata and Mimosa diplotricha. Lantana camara is found to be medium risk. The farmers spent a considerable amount of money nearly Rs 4800 per year for one acre land pertaining to mechanical weeding of invasive species. The herbicide is widely used by farmers to control the weeds are capable to cause various health problems including genetic aberration. So an effective and comprehensive weed management strategy have to be developed in the country to combat the threats of IAS in agriculture fields. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/apjeesd.v1i1.9509Asia Pacific Journal of Environment Ecology and Sustainable Development 2013; 1: 32-35

Download Full-text

Weed Management Potentials of Identified Invasive Weed Species

JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research ◽

10.7719/jpair.v22i1.332 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Annabella T. Carcusia ◽

Pet Roey L. Pascual ◽

James Francienne J. Rosit

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Conyza Canadensis ◽

Mimosa Pudica ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Weed Species ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Percent Germination ◽

Percent Mortality

Synthetic herbicide, the most popular weed control, causes environmental hazards. The use of allelopathy in controlling weeds is a possible alternative for sustainable weed management. The study was conducted to determine the allelopathic potentials of identified invasive weed species in terms of percent and rate of germination, plant height, length of leaves and roots and percent mortality of grasses, sedges, and broadleaves. The treatments were: T0-Pre/Post-emergence Herbicide, T1Tap Water, T2-Mimosa pudica extract,T3-Lantana camara extract,T4-Chromolaena odorata extract. These were compared according to their effects on Cenchrus spinifex, Conyza canadensis, Impatiens wallerana and Cyperus rotundus. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Completely Randomized Design. A further test was done using Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT). For germination, Lantana camara is effective in reducing the percent germination and prolonging germination rate of most common weed species. On the other hand, Chromolaena odorata is effective in reducing the percent germination and prolonging the germination rate of Impatiens wallerana, while Mimosa pudica was effective against Cenchrus spinifex and Cyperus rotundus. For growth and development, Mimosa pudica was found to be the most effective in all common weed species, except for Cyperus rotundus where Chromolaena odorata was most effective on reducing the length of leaves and roots, and above ground fresh weight. Furthermore, Chromolaena odorata was found effective against both Cyperus rotundus and Conyza canadensis while Mimosa pudica was effective against Cenchrus spinifex in terms of percent mortality. Thus, such potential of invasive weed species for weed management should be utilized.

Download Full-text

A new trophic interaction between invasive weed, its biological control agent, and local insects: A case study of Chromolaena odorata

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1006-1011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AKHMAD RIZALI ◽

MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI ◽

PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO ◽

DAMAYANTI BUCHORI

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Land Use ◽

Invasive Species ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Trophic Interaction ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Land Use Types

Abstract. Authors. 2019. A new trophic interaction between invasive weed, its biological control agent, and local insects: a case study of Chromolaena odorata. Biodiversitas 20: 1006-1011. Invasive species have been known to cause biotic homogenization. The presence of Chromolaena odorata, an alien invasive weed, in agricultural habitat has outcompeted many crop plants. The presence of alien invasive weed creates a new trophic interaction especially with local herbivores as well as other associate insects. This study was aimed to investigate a new trophic interaction that has been established between C. odorata, its introduced biological control agent, and local insects. The research was conducted in various land-use types in both of Arjuno and Bromo mountain landscape. In each landscape, we surveyed the population density of C. odorata and its biological control agent (a gall fly, Cecidochares connexa) as well as observed the diversity and abundance of other insects associated with C. odorata. Samples were taken along the transect lines at various altitudinal gradients, from 400 to 1100 m asl. In total, 124 species of insects were found associated with C. odorata which include herbivores, parasitoids, and predators. The difference of land-use types affected the population density of C. odorata but not its herbivores (i.e. C. connexa and aphids). A new association was found between the introduced insect, C. connexa and local parasitoids. The field survey also discovered new associations between the invasive weed with local herbivores such as aphids that are found with high abundance. The aphids were found to have a symbiosis interaction with ants such as Anoplolepis gracilipes (invasive species) and Dolichoderus thoracicus. In conclusion, the ecological consequence of the presence of invasive weed species is the shaping of a new trophic interaction with local insects, even with other invasive ant species. This interaction arguably is part of an ecological process that formed an equilibrium interaction which may cause either a negative or positive impact on C. odorata.

Download Full-text

Assessment of allelopathic compounds to develop new natural herbicides : A review

Allelopathy Journal ◽

10.26651/allelo.j/2021-52-1-1305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 21-40

Author(s):

Mst. Motmainna ◽

Abdul Shukor B ◽

Juraimi Md. Kamal Uddin ◽

Norhayu Binti Asib ◽

AKM Mominul Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Programme ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Weed Species ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Natural Herbicides ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

Weed Resistance ◽

Allelopathic Compounds

Herbicides are a crucial tool for weed control in crops. However, their continuous and indiscriminate uses have caused environmental pollution and development of weed resistance. Hence, there is an urgent need to minimise the dependence on synthetic herbicides. Allelopathy may be used to develop new bioherbicides to inhibit germination and growth of weeds. There is a great potential to develop eco-friendly herbicides from plants, but little research has been done so far in this context. Identification and quantification of natural weed control compounds (allelochemicals) of plants may help to develop natural herbicides (based on indigenous/invasive weed species), to reduce the dependence on synthetic herbicides and improve the integrated weed management programme in crops. This review describes thepotential allelochemicals present in plants, which may be used as a tool to develop new natural herbicides.

Download Full-text

A Reinventory of Invasive Weed Species in Dinosaur National Monument to Determine Management Effectiveness

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1614/ipsm-d-11-00041.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 300-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Corey V. Ransom ◽

Stephanie D. Christensen ◽

Kimberly A. Edvarchuk ◽

Tamara Naumann

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Weed Species ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

National Monument ◽

Creek Watershed ◽

Russian Knapweed ◽

Dinosaur National Monument

AbstractInvasive weed management in wildland areas is often challenging due to the need to protect and preserve the integrity of natural ecosystems. Russian knapweed is an aggressive, deep-rooted, creeping perennial forb that was first identified as a problematic species in Dinosaur National Monument in 1977. From 2002 to 2005, extensive nonnative plant inventories were conducted in portions of the monument. Results were used to develop and implement an aggressive weed management program beginning in 2005. Emphasis was placed on reducing Russian knapweed infestations around Josie's Ranch in the Cub Creek Watershed. Several other species were targeted as well. In 2010, a reinventory was conducted in selected areas to evaluate how implemented management strategies affected the overall distribution and abundance of targeted species on the landscape. Comparisons between inventories indicate that management strategies were successful in reducing the total infested area of Russian knapweed by 79%. Treatments used for other targeted species also appear to have been effective in reducing their overall distribution and abundance on the landscape. In addition, the reinventory identified several new species with the potential to become problematic in the area. Although this case study documents the substantial progress that has been made at Dinosaur National Monument toward obtaining specific weed management objectives, it more importantly illustrates the process and benefits of an adaptive approach in sustaining long-term invasive plant species management efforts.

Download Full-text

STUDI ALELOPATI Wedelia trilobata, Ageratum conyzoides, Chromolaena odorata DAN Mikania micrantha TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL SAWI

10.31219/osf.io/gn2rb ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Donly Avrin Togatorop ◽

Nanik Setyowati ◽

Uswatun Nurjanah

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Weed Species ◽

Ageratum Conyzoides ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Mikania Micrantha ◽

Wedelia Trilobata ◽

Mustard Seedling ◽

Allelopathic Effects

Status: PostprintVarious results of researches report that daisy Creeping Daisy (Wedelia trilobata), Goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides), Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and Bittervine (Mikania micrantha) have alellopathic potency to innhibit germination, growth and plant yield.. There were few researches on allelopathic potential of Creeping Daisy, Goat weed, Siam weed and Bittervine on mustard. Therefore, an experiment to evaluate the the allelopathic effects of those weeds on growth and yield of mustard at different concentrations is necessary to be conducted. The purpose of the research was to determine the allelopathic effects of Creeping Daisy, Goat weed, Siam weed and Bittervine on the germination of mustard. The Experiment was conducted from November 2008 until January 2009 at Agronomy Laboratory, University of Bengkulu using Randomized Complete Design (RCD). The experiment consisted of four weed species namely Creeping Daisy, Goat weed, Siam weed and Bittervine and five allelopathic concentrations 10, 20,30, 40 and 50 g/L. The results showed that Siam weed suppressed mustard germination more than other weeds. Allelopathic of Siam weed suppressed shoot length and root length of mustard seedling as much as 42.63% and 45.15% respectively. Shoot and root fresh weight and shoot dry weight of mustard seedling were suppressed as much as 28,23%,56,16% and 56,7% respectively The concentration of 50 g/L extracts from Goat weed andSiam weed was the most toxic to the germination of mustard.

Download Full-text

Modeling the sustainability and economics of stacked herbicide-tolerant traits and early weed management strategy for waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) control

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2020.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 179-185

Author(s):

Chun Liu ◽

Paul Neve ◽

Les Glasgow ◽

R. Joseph Wuerffel ◽

Micheal D. K. Owen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Genetically Modified Crops ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Weed Species ◽

Herbicide Tolerant ◽

Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽

Sites Of Action

AbstractDiversity is key for sustainable weed management and can be achieved via both chemical and nonchemical control tactics. Genetically modified crops with two-way or three-way stacked herbicide-tolerant traits allow use of herbicide mixtures that would otherwise be phytotoxic to the crop. Early weed management (EWM) strategies promote the use of PRE herbicides with residual activity to keep the field free of weeds early in the season for successful crop establishment. To evaluate the respective sustainability and practicality of the two chemical-based management tactics (i.e., stacked traits and EWM), we used a population model of waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer (syn. rudis), to simulate the evolution of resistance in this key weed species in midwestern U.S. soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] agroecosystems. The model tested scenarios with a varying number of herbicide sites of action (SOAs), application timings (PRE and POST), and preexisting levels of resistance. Results showed that both tactics provided opportunity for controlling resistant A. tuberculatus populations. In general, each pass over the field should include at least two effective herbicide SOAs. Nevertheless, the potential evolution of cross-resistance may void the weed control programs embraced by stacked traits and diverse herbicide SOAs. Economic calculations suggested that the diversified programs could double long-term profitability when compared to the conventional system, because of improved yield and grain quality. Ultimately, the essence of a sustainable herbicide resistance management strategy is to be proactive. Although a herbicide-dominated approach to diversifying weed management has been prevalent, the increasing presence of weed populations with multiple resistance means that finding herbicides to which weed populations are still susceptible is becoming increasingly difficult, and thus the importance of reintroducing cultural and mechanical practices to support herbicides must be recognized.

Download Full-text

Weeds in Organic Bean Crops (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Fabaceae Lindl., Fabales)

Contemporary Agriculture ◽

10.2478/contagri-2020-0014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (3-4) ◽

pp. 110-118

Author(s):

Dejana Džigurski ◽

Branka Ljevnaić-Mašić ◽

Ljiljana Nikolić

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Humus Content ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Weed Species ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Weakly Alkaline ◽

Weed Flora

SummaryIn the organic bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in open cultivation during the vegetation period of 2012, 14 weed species were found in the villages Ljutovo and Orom. The percentage of invasive species was 28.57%. Ambrosia artemisiifolia was characterized as highly invasive, Sorghum halepense as sporadically invasive, and Amaranthus retroflexus and Datura stramonium as potentially invasive species. Low diversity and low density of weed flora in organic bean crops are the factors causing a high percentage of invasive species in the floristic composition, so monitoring of these species is necessary. The weed flora dominated by therophytes (71.43%), the dominance of weed-ruderal plants (64.29%), and the presence of widespread taxa in the bean crops indicate strong anthropogenic influence and instability of the weed flora. The largest number of the weed species bloom from June to August (71.43%). According to the ecological analysis of the weed flora, the studied agroecosystems were characterized as moderately arid (F-2.36), neutral to weakly alkaline (R-3.07), eutrophic-mesotrophic (N-3.71), well-aerated (D-3.64), non-saline (S-, 78.57%) with medium humus content (H-2.86), favorable light (L-3.86) and temperature (T-4.14) regime, and with temperate continental climatic conditions (K-2.93). Correlation analysis showed that invasive weed species began to bloom later and favored well-aerated and warmer habitats compared to other weeds. PCA analysis singled out habitat aeration and salinity as the main factors separating weeds in organic bean crops.

Download Full-text

Effect of Weed Management Strategy and Planting Date on Herbicide Use in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00024908 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Michael Linker ◽

Harold D. Coble

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Planting Date ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Preventive Strategy ◽

Weed Species ◽

Planting Dates ◽

The Cost ◽

Herbicide Use

Experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 at two locations each year to determine how two weed management strategies and three planting dates affected the cost and amount of herbicide needed to control weeds in peanuts. Weed management strategies used for each planting date included preventive, which duplicated a standard grower program, or an integrated weed management system. The least expensive strategy depended upon weed species composition, weed populations and planting date. In all cases, the integrated weed management strategy required less herbicide (acid equivalent or active ingredient) than the preventive strategy.

Download Full-text

ALLELOPATHY STUDY OF Wedelia trilobata, Ageratum Conyzoides, Chromolaena odorata AND Mikania micrantha ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUSTARD

10.31219/osf.io/ghy28 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Donly Avrin Togatorop ◽

Nanik Setyowati ◽

Uswatun Nurjanah

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Weed Species ◽

Ageratum Conyzoides ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Mikania Micrantha ◽

Wedelia Trilobata ◽

Mustard Seedling ◽

Allelopathic Effects

Status: PostprintVarious results of researches report that daisy Creeping Daisy (Wedelia trilobata), Goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides), Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and Bittervine (Mikania micrantha) have alellopathic potency to innhibit germination, growth and plant yield.. There were few researches on allelopathic potential of Creeping Daisy, Goat weed, Siam weed and Bittervine on mustard. Therefore, an experiment to evaluate the the allelopathic effects of those weeds on growth and yield of mustard at different concentrations is necessary to be conducted. The purpose of the research was to determine the allelopathic effects of Creeping Daisy, Goat weed, Siam weed and Bittervine on the germination of mustard. The Experiment was conducted from November 2008 until January 2009 at Agronomy Laboratory, University of Bengkulu using Randomized Complete Design (RCD). The experiment consisted of four weed species namely Creeping Daisy, Goat weed, Siam weed and Bittervine and five allelopathic concentrations 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/L. The results showed that Siam weed suppressed mustard germination more than other weeds. Allelopathic of Siam weed suppressed shoot length and root length of mustard seedling as much as 42.63% and 45.15% respectively. Shoot and root fresh weight and shoot dry weight of mustard seedling were suppressed as much as 28,23%, 56,16% and 56,7% respectively The concentration of 50 g/L extracts from Goat weed and Siam weed was the most toxic to the germination of mustard.

Download Full-text