Effect of Weed Management Strategy and Planting Date on Herbicide Use in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Michael Linker ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Herbicide Use

Experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 at two locations each year to determine how two weed management strategies and three planting dates affected the cost and amount of herbicide needed to control weeds in peanuts. Weed management strategies used for each planting date included preventive, which duplicated a standard grower program, or an integrated weed management system. The least expensive strategy depended upon weed species composition, weed populations and planting date. In all cases, the integrated weed management strategy required less herbicide (acid equivalent or active ingredient) than the preventive strategy.

Tillage and Planting Date Influence Foxtail (Setariaspp.) Emergence in Continuous Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Beverly R. Durgan ◽  
Frank Forcella
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
No Till ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
Moldboard Plow

Foxtail emergence patterns were evaluated in spring wheat under three tillage regimes, moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no-till, and three wheat planting dates. The first planting date was as soon as feasible in spring, and the second and third planting dates averaged 9 and 17 d later. Foxtail emergence patterns and seedbank density were evaluated each year for three consecutive years. Green foxtail was the dominant weed species. Tillage regime did not influence initial percent emergence of foxtail. Subsequent percent foxtail emergence was sometimes lower in no-till or chisel plow than in moldboard plow regimes until emergence approached 100%. By the third year, total foxtail plant emergence was greater in no-till and chisel plow than in moldboard plow and also greater in no-till than chisel plow. Earlier planting generally increased percent foxtail emergence until midseason. At 22 d after planting, average emergence of foxtail was 48, 67, and 81% for planting dates one, two, and three, respectively. Delayed planting increased rate of foxtail emergence but decreased density of emerged seedlings. Producers adopting chisel plow or no-till systems can expect to see greater foxtail infestations than in moldboard plow systems. Subsequently, more extensive weed management in reduced tillage systems will be needed to prevent heavy foxtail infestations. Delaying wheat planting may be a viable option for foxtail management through reduced plant densities and more simultaneous emergence patterns.

Pathogens as Mechanisms for Integrated Weed Management

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (S1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Quimby ◽  
H. L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
The Cost

A need exists to manage or manipulate plant pathogens for biocontrol of weeds in row crops. Many weed species remain refractory to conventional weed-control technology. Some of these weeds occur in the same families as important crops and are resistant or tolerant to many of the herbicides that are applied for weed control within those crops. Preemergence treatments are needed for some weed species for which only postemergence treatments are now available. The cost of controlling some weeds is so prohibitive that many farmers will not spend the necessary money; therefore, more economical control is needed.

scholarly journals Characterizing Weed Populations in Different Turfgrass Sites throughout the Klang Valley of Western Peninsular Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Mohd Razi Ismail ◽  
James T. Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Athletic Fields ◽  
Klang Valley

A field survey was conducted in 2007 to characterize weed populations in different turfgrass sites throughout the Klang Valley of western Peninsular Malaysia. Sites included golf course putting greens, athletic fields, sod farms, and residential lawns. Weeds present in each site were identified and the data were used to calculate frequency, distribution uniformity, density, relative abundance, and community coefficient values for each species. Seventy-nine weed species, belonging to 16 families, were found. The most species were found on residential lawns, and the fewest were found on golf course putting greens; athletic fields and sod farms ranked intermediately. A total of 19 different weed species were classified as major (relative abundance ≥ 15), and abundance rankings varied by turfgrass area. Greater kyllinga had the highest relative abundance values on athletic fields (45.5) and golf course putting greens (71.5), and the second highest value (21.7) on residential lawns. Forked fringerush and annual sedge had the greatest relative abundance values on residential lawns and sod farms, respectively. Cogongrass was reported on 15% of the residential lawns evaluated. The heterogeneity of weed species composition suggests that control strategies will vary by turfgrass use area. Quantifying weed population dynamics will help researchers delineate integrated weed management strategies to turfgrass managers in Malaysia.

An integrated weed management strategy for the control of horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Theodore R. Vanhie ◽  
François J. Tardif ◽  
Peter Smith ◽  
Saeed Vazan ◽  
Michael Cowbrough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Allelopathic Compound

Abstract Multiple herbicide-resistant populations of horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist] continue to spread rapidly throughout Ontario, notably in areas where no-till soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are grown. The occurrence of multiple herbicide resistance within these populations suggests that the future role of herbicide tank mixtures as a means of control will be limited. An integrated weed management strategy utilizing complementary selection pressures is needed to reduce the selection intensity of relying solely on herbicides for control. Field studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to test the hypothesis if fall-seeded cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) can reduce C. canadensis seedling density and suppress seedling growth, then the interaction(s) of complementary selection pressures of tillage, cereal rye and herbicides would improve the level of C. canadensis control. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine if the allelopathic compound BOA affected the root development of C. canadensis seedlings. The interactions observed among multiple selection pressures of tillage, cereal rye and herbicides were inconsistent between the two years of study. A monoculture of cereal rye seeded in the fall, however, did reduce seedling height and biomass of C. canadensis consistently but not density. This reduction in seedling height and biomass was likely caused by the allelopathic compound BOA, which reduced seedling root development. Control of C. canadensis seedlings in the spring required the higher registered rates of dicamba or saflufenacil. The addition of shallow fall tillage and the presence of cereal rye did not improve the variability in control observed notably with 2,4-D or the lower rates of saflufenacil or dicamba. With the implementation of complementary weed management strategies, environmental variables in any given year will likely have a direct influence on whether these interactions are additive or synergistic.

Evaluation of Thermal Implements and Organic Herbicides for Weed Control in a Nonbearing Almond (Prunus dulcis) Orchard

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Marcelo Moretti ◽  
Nathalia Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Lemongrass Oil ◽  
Almond Orchards ◽  
Treatment Comparisons ◽  
The Cost

Sustainable weed management strategies are needed for organic orchard systems. A study was conducted in an almond orchard in Fresno, CA from 2009 to 2011. Treatment comparisons included steam, flame, and broad applications of either lemongrass oil or D-limonene. An untreated control was also included. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Weekly evaluations on percent weed control were taken and weed biomass was sampled 4 to 8 wk after treatment (WAT). Weed control and biomass differed between seasons but, in general, steam and flame provided as much as 95% control 1 WAT. However, the effects lasted only 3 to 4 wk as new weeds emerged or the treated weeds overcame the suppressive effects of the thermal treatments. Weed biomass was 95% lower in the steam- and flame-treated plots compared with the untreated plots in summer. Both steam and flame were more effective on certain erect-growing broad-leaved weed species than on prostrate-growing weeds and grasses. Lemongrass oil provided very little weed control. However, D-limonene provided up to 95% weed control 1 WAT and in one experiment 53% control was observed up to 5 WAT. This herbicide also resulted in lower weed biomass than the untreated and the thermal-treated plots. Monthly applications of steam or flame or applications of D-limonene every 5 to 6 wk may have to be made to adequately suppress weeds in organic almond orchards. Cost estimates of propane use were $41 to 56 ha−1 and $26 ha−1 for the steam and flame treatments, respectively. The cost of D-limonene was estimated as $275 ha−1. To optimize weed control and costs, these tools may need to be used in combination rather than by themselves.

scholarly journals Weed Management in New Zealand Pastures

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghanizadeh ◽  
Kerry C. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Important Approach

In New Zealand, pastoral farming for dairy and meat production is the major land use. As with any agricultural production system, weeds are a threat to efficient pasture production in New Zealand. In this review, we outline the problems caused by weeds in New Zealand pastures, and the management strategies being used to control them. There are currently 245 plant species from 40 plant families that are considered to be troublesome weeds in New Zealand pastures. The application of herbicides is an important approach to manage weeds in New Zealand pastures; however, a key to the success of these pastures is the use of clovers in combination with the grasses, so the challenge is to find herbicides that selectively control weeds without damaging these legumes. The use of spot spraying and weed wiping are often required to ensure selective control of some weed species in these pastures. Non-chemical agronomic approaches such as grazing management and using competitive pasture species often play a more important role than herbicides for weed management in many New Zealand pastures. Thus, integrated weed management using a combination of herbicides and good pasture management strategies leads to the most cost-effective and efficient control of pasture weeds in New Zealand.

scholarly journals Spatial Modelling of Within-Field Weed Populations; a Review

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Gayle J. Somerville ◽  
Mette Sønderskov ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Helen Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Temporal Models ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Concerns around herbicide resistance, human risk, and the environmental impacts of current weed control strategies have led to an increasing demand for alternative weed management methods. Many new weed management strategies are under development; however, the poor availability of accurate weed maps, and a lack of confidence in the outcomes of alternative weed management strategies, has hindered their adoption. Developments in field sampling and processing, combined with spatial modelling, can support the implementation and assessment of new and more integrated weed management strategies. Our review focuses on the biological and mathematical aspects of assembling within-field weed models. We describe both static and spatio-temporal models of within-field weed distributions (including both cellular automata (CA) and non-CA models), discussing issues surrounding the spatial processes of weed dispersal and competition and the environmental and anthropogenic processes that affect weed spatial and spatio-temporal distributions. We also examine issues surrounding model uncertainty. By reviewing the current state-of-the-art in both static and temporally dynamic weed spatial modelling we highlight some of the strengths and weaknesses of current techniques, together with current and emerging areas of interest for the application of spatial models, including targeted weed treatments, economic analysis, herbicide resistance and integrated weed management, the dispersal of biocontrol agents, and invasive weed species.

Management of Pigweed (Amaranthusspp.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean in the Midwest and Mid-South

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Butts ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Lowell D. Sandell ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Sites Of Action

Pigweeds are among the most abundant and troublesome weed species across Midwest and mid-South soybean production systems because of their prolific growth characteristics and ability to rapidly evolve resistance to several herbicide sites of action. This has renewed interest in diversifying weed management strategies by implementing integrated weed management (IWM) programs to efficiently manage weeds, increase soybean light interception, and increase grain yield. Field studies were conducted across 16 site-years to determine the effectiveness of soybean row width, seeding rate, and herbicide strategy as components of IWM in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Sites were grouped according to optimum adaptation zones for soybean maturity groups (MGs). Across all MG regions, pigweed density and height at the POST herbicide timing, and end-of-season pigweed density, height, and fecundity were reduced in IWM programs using a PRE followed by (fb) POST herbicide strategy. Furthermore, a PRE fb POST herbicide strategy treatment increased soybean cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (CIPAR) and subsequently, soybean grain yield across all MG regions. Soybean row width and seeding rate manipulation effects were highly variable. Narrow row width (≤ 38 cm) and a high seeding rate (470,000 seeds ha−1) reduced end-of-season height and fecundity variably across MG regions compared with wide row width (≥ 76 cm) and moderate to low (322,000 to 173,000 seeds ha−1) seeding rates. However, narrow row widths and high seeding rates did not reduce pigweed density at the POST herbicide application timing or at soybean harvest. Across all MG regions, soybean CIPAR increased as soybean row width decreased and seeding rate increased; however, row width and seeding rate had variable effects on soybean yield. Furthermore, soybean CIPAR was not associated with end-of-season pigweed growth and fecundity. A PRE fb POST herbicide strategy was a necessary component for an IWM program as it simultaneously managed pigweeds, increased soybean CIPAR, and increased grain yield.

Wastewater management strategies for the black sea coast of Turkey

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
E. Yuksel ◽  
A. Tanik
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solid Waste Landfills ◽  
Sea Coast

The Black Sea, surrounded by six riparian countries, is under the threat of severe pollution, giving rise to the need of taking precautions to protect it from further deterioration. In this paper, an effort putting forth a wastewater treatment and management strategy is outlined for the Black Sea coast of Turkey, including both the technical and financial aspects. The present situation of the coast in terms of land-based pollution and infrastructure is stated, followed by an applicable management strategy. The strategy developed for the coastal settlements involves various stagewise treatment schemes based on population distribution and densities along the coastline, and on the availability of land in a specified period of thirty years. Similar strategies are proposed for the control of pollution originating from industries, for those carried by rivers joining the sea, and for leachate of solid waste landfills. The cost estimations of various treatment schemes are also given in terms of population equivalents.

scholarly journals Growth and Phenology of Vulpia Myuros in Comparison with Apera Spica-Venti, Alopecurus Myosuroides and Lolium Multiflorum in Monoculture and in Winter Wheat

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Bo Melander ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Rodrigo Labouriau ◽  
Svend Vendelbo Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Neighborhood Design ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Arable Weed

Vulpia myuros has become an increasing weed problem in winter cereals in Northern Europe. However, the information about V. myuros and its behavior as an arable weed is limited. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017/18 and 2018/19, at the Department of Agroecology in Flakkebjerg, Denmark to investigate the emergence, phenological development and growth characteristics of V. myuros in monoculture and in mixture with winter wheat, in comparison to Apera spica-venti, Alopecurus myosuroides and Lolium multiflorum. V. myuros emerged earlier than A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti but later than L. multiflorum. Significant differences in phenological development were recorded among the species. Overall phenology of V. myuros was more similar to that of L. multiflorum than to A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti. V. myuros started seed shedding earlier than A. spica-venti and L. multiflorum but later than A. myosuroides. V. myuros was more sensitive to winter wheat competition in terms of biomass production and fecundity than the other species. Using a target-neighborhood design, responses of V. myuros and A. spica-venti to the increasing density of winter wheat were quantified. At early growth stages “BBCH 26–29”, V. myuros was suppressed less than A. spica-venti by winter wheat, while opposite responses were seen at later growth stages “BBCH 39–47” and “BBCH 81–90”. No significant differences in fecundity characteristics were observed between the two species in response to increasing winter wheat density. The information on the behavior of V. myuros gathered by the current study can support the development of effective integrated weed management strategies for V. myuros.

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