scholarly journals Ecophysiological Studies of Lead Stress on Vigna mungo L. Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohaparta ◽  
Debasmita Mohanta ◽  
Sushree S. Behera ◽  
Hemabaijyanti S. Dhir ◽  
Sushree S. Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Green Pigments ◽  
Chlorophyll Formation

In the present study of eco physiological effects of lead nitrate was observed by taking a local cultivated cereal crop Vigna mungo (L). The germination data showed that there is a negative impact of concentration of lead nitrate on the germination of seeds. There is decrease in seed germination at higher concentration in comparison to control. Root and shoot growth of seedling was effected when exposed to high concentration of lead nitrate. Roots were more affected and much reduced than shoots. Morphologically they look different from normal roots by their size and shapes. Effect of different concentration of lead nitrate was visible in different pigment concentration of leaves. Lead toxicity inhibits chlorophyll formation which visually showed in degeneration of green pigments in shoots exposed to different concentration of lead nitrate. With the increase in concentration of the toxicant, the exposed seedlings showed a decline in chl-a, chl-b, total chl, carotenoid and pheophytin content in shoots. This was a clear indication that the fall in the growth rate, pigment content had direct impact on photosynthesis. Conclusively, our results show that lead at higher concentration decreases seed germination, chl-a, chl-b, total chl, carotenoid and pheophytin contents in the mung seedlings.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 227-231

scholarly journals Ecophysiological Studies of A Cereal Crop Oryza sativa L. with Zinc Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-313
Author(s):  
Sasmita Kumari Behura ◽  
Mamata Mohapatra ◽  
B.K. Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Zinc Stress ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Plants exposed to zinc stress at high concentration inhibit seed germination, seedling growth and development. The germination data showed that there is a negative impact of concentration of zinc sulphate on the germination of seeds. Root and shoot growth of seedlings was worse affected when exposed to higher concentration on ZnSO4. Shoots were more affected than roots. Morphologically they look different from normal roots by their shape and size. Zn toxicity inhibits the chlorophyll formation and with the increase in concentration of the toxicant the exposed seedlings showed a decline in chl-a (chlorophyll-a), chl-b (chlorophyll – b) and total chlorophyll pigment content. Conclusively, our result shows that zinc sulphate at higher concentration decreases seed germination, chl-a, chl-b and total chlorophyll content and also decreases root and shoot growth of plants.

A PROMISING ASSORTMENT OF TREES AND SHRUBS FOR LANDSCAPING IN VOLGOGRAD CITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
E.N. Tyukhtina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The article deals with one of the most relevant topics of the modern city and ecology - the problem of landscaping in Volgograd. The city is characterized by an industrial urbanism, with a high concentration of population, saturation of production facilities and vehicles, which contributes to a high level of negative impact on the environment. The pace of greening of the city lags behind the pace of construction of the residential sector, and the existing green spaces do not meet the sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic requirements. The prospects of this problem are determined, the existing green spaces are considered, data on the climatic conditions of the city and the ecological situation are given. Improvement in the field of landscaping is associated with the scientifically sound placement of green spaces, taking into account all the factors that affect the growth and development of plants in the urban environment. Unfortunately, due to the uneven distribution of the assortment of trees and shrubs, the species composition of the central streets and squares of the city is extremely poor. The study focuses on the role of the botanical garden in urban landscaping and aims to create recommendations for the sorting of tree and shrub plants for urban landscaping. As a result of the analysis of the assortment of ornamental plants of the open ground of the botanical garden, the article proposed species and varieties of woody and shrubby plants that have passed the introduction tests for more than 5-10 years. Recommendations for sorting are aimed at improving the ecological situation of the city and greening the recreation areas of citizens. The proposed list of tree and shrub species cannot fully solve the problem of greening the city, but it will help to significantly enrich the composition of tree and shrub plants.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Zinc On Seed Germination And Growth In The First Ontogenetic Stages In The Species Cucumis Melo L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anişoara Stratu ◽  
Naela Costică
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Ontogenetic Stages ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Germination And Growth

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study regarding the influence of treatment with zinc in different concentrations (50 mg∕l, 100 mg∕l, 200 mg ∕l, 300mg/l, 400 mg ∕l, 500 mg/l, 600 mg ∕l) on seed germination and growth in early ontogenetic stages ofCucumis meloL. We analyzed the following indicators: the percentage of germinated seeds; the length of root, the length of the hypocotyl and the length of the seedling; the number of the laterale roots; the tolerance index and the seedling vigor index. The results underline the specific variations of analysed indicators, depending on the concentrations used for the treatments of seeds. The concentrations used for treatment do not influence negatively the seed germination, but affected the seedling growth (especially the root elongation), the formation and growth process of lateral roots and the seedling vigour index. The delay effect of growth process is very pronounced in the case of high concentration.

scholarly journals Lead-Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats: Amelioration by Palm Wine

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Femi A. Egbeleke ◽  
Kehinde O. Shittu ◽  
Ayobola A. Iyanda
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

Lead a free-radical generating agent is a multi-systemic toxicant which affects major body systems especially the hepatic axis. Several natural products rich in antioxidant agents have been used to ameliorate lead toxicity. Vitamin C present abundantly in palm wine has been noted for its ability to modulate oxidative stress. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of palm wine in lead-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Adults Wistar rats randomly divided into Groups A-H, consisting of 7 rats per group were used for the study. Groups A and B were administered with distilled water and palm wine respectively. Groups C, E, and G were dosed daily with lead nitrate at dosage levels of 50 (low dose), 150 (intermediate dose) and 600 (high dose) mg/kg body weight (BW). On the other hand, Groups D, F, and H were administered daily with lead nitrate at dosage levels of 50, 150 and 600 mg/kg body weight (BW) as well as palm wine (10 mL/kg BW). All experimental animals were allowed access to standard feed and water without any form of restriction. Estimation of biochemical parameters i.e. total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferases (ALT; AST) took place using standard biochemical methods. The liver was harvested and processed for histological study using haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test. P< 0.05 was considered significant. While albumin concentrations were not significantly different, both total protein and globulin concentrations in lead administered rats were significantly reduced compared with control. Periportal and interstitial hepatitis and necrosis occurred from lead exposure at different levels suggesting hepatotoxicity. Meanwhile, lead and palm wine-administered rats featured similar histologic results. In conclusion, the results of the study, therefore, indicate that palm wine does not possess an ameliorative effect on lead-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Treatment Of Tofu Industry Wastewater Using Bioreactor Anaerobic-Aerobic And Bioball As Media With Variation Of Hidraulic Retention Time

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Ariani Dwi Astuti ◽  
Dewi Intania Ayu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Small Industries

Tofu which is made by grinding soy bean, generates huge amount of wastewater and thus considered as one of the most polluted food-industrial effluent owing to its high values of organic contents. The small industries of tofu preparation process release the wastewater directly into the water body without being treated first. Prior to discharge this wastewater into the waterbody, the wastewater must be treated to reduce the possibility of negative impact and the contamination of the waterbody. For these small industries, the best alternative of wastewater treatment is one which has the following criteria: easy in operation, low cost operation, low volumes of sludge produced, and can be used in high concentration wastewater. In this research, bioreactor anaerobic-aerobic with media bioball is used. The highest removal efficiency of COD took place in anaerobic zones. Bioreactors were operated with the variations of retention time at 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours. The COD removal efficiency for Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 24 hours, 18 hours and 12 hours were found 90.3% (organic loading rate is 15.1 kg COD/m3.day), 84.4% and 76.3% respectively. The experiment showed that the longer of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), the higher the removal efficiency could be achieved. These occurred because a longer HRT will extend the contact time between wastewater and microorganisms attached. Therefore, microorganisms have a longer time to degrade organic matter in wastewater. Although the removal efficiency in these three-HRT was found high, the effluent of the reactor was still above the effluent standard based on regulation of Ministry of Environmental Permen LH No. 5/2014. Kinetics using Eckenfelder Equation results R2 equal to 0.9991, n equal to 0.293 and K equivalent to 7.3577 mg/L. Keywords: tofu wastewater, anaerobe, aerobe, bioball, wastewater, treatment, attached growth

Biogenic ZnO and Cu nanoparticles to improve seed germination quality in blackgram (Vigna mungo)

2019 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Raja ◽  
R. Sowmya ◽  
R. Sudhagar ◽  
Pon. Sathya Moorthy ◽  
K. Govindaraju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Improve Seed Germination

scholarly journals On the Effects of Lateral Openings on Courtyard Ventilation and Pollution—A Large-Eddy Simulation Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Gronemeier ◽  
Matthias Sühring
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Upstream Flow

Courtyards are an omnipresent feature within the urban environment. Residents often use courtyards as recreation areas, which makes them crucial for the physical and psychological comfort of the urban population. However, considering that courtyards represent enclosed cavities, they are often poorly ventilated spaces and pollutants from neighboring traffic, once entrained, can pose a serious threat to human health. Here, we studied the effects of lateral openings on courtyard pollution and ventilation. Therefore, we performed a set of large-eddy simulations for idealized urban environments with different courtyard configurations. While pollutant concentration and ventilation are barely modified by lateral openings for wide courtyards, lateral openings have a significant effect on the mean concentration, the number of high-concentration events and the ventilation within narrower and deeper courtyards. The impacts of lateral openings on air quality within courtyards strongly depend on their orientation with respect to the flow direction, as well as on the upstream flow conditions and upstream building configuration. We show that lateral openings, in most cases, have a negative impact on air quality; nevertheless, we also present configurations where lateral openings positively impact the air quality within courtyards. These outcomes may certainly contribute to improve future urban planning in terms of health protection.

scholarly journals Salinity types and level-based effects on the growth, physiology and nutrient contents of maize (Zea mays)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Shahzad ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Climatic Regions

Salinity is a devastating problem of arid and semi-arid climatic regions with uneven salt accumulation which hinders growth and development of crops. The deleterious effects of salinity mainly depend on level and source of salinity. We hypothesized that types of sodium salt (NaCl and Na2SO4) might cause variable toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of different types of sodium salt (NaCl and Na2SO4), each at EC 5 and 10 dS m–1 on growth, physiology and nutrient contents of maize plant grown in earthen pots under wire house conditions. Results revealed toxic effects of salt stress on seed germination, root and shoot growth and biomass. Maize physiology in terms of sub-stomatal CO2 index, chlorophyll and relative water contents, photosynthetic and transpiration rate also reduced under salt stress. Among the types of salt and levels of salinity, NaCl applied at the rate of 10 dS m–1 caused the highest reduction in seed germination, growth and physiology due to high accumulation of Na and Cl ions whereas low in K ion in maize plant tissues. Based on the findings, we do conclude that NaCl applied at the rate of 10 dS m–1 has more negative impact on maize growth and nutrient acquisition than Na2SO4 at same level of salinity.

scholarly journals Symbiotic and Asymbiotic Germination of Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) Respond Differently to Exogenous Gibberellins

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Bo Yan ◽  
Yanjing Tang ◽  
Yongmei Xing ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Symbiotic Germination ◽  
Asymbiotic Germination

Seeds of almost all orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi to induce their germination in the wild. The regulation of this symbiotic germination of orchid seeds involves complex crosstalk interactions between mycorrhizal establishment and the germination process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gibberellins (GAs) on the symbiotic germination of Dendrobium officinale seeds and its functioning in the mutualistic interaction between orchid species and their mycobionts. To do this, we used liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer to quantify endogenous hormones across different development stages between symbiotic and asymbiotic germination of D. officinale, as well as real-time quantitative PCR to investigate gene expression levels during seed germination under the different treatment concentrations of exogenous gibberellic acids (GA3). Our results showed that the level of endogenous GA3 was not significantly different between the asymbiotic and symbiotic germination groups, but the ratio of GA3 and abscisic acids (ABA) was significantly higher during symbiotic germination than asymbiotic germination. Exogenous GA3 treatment showed that a high concentration of GA3 could inhibit fungal colonization in the embryo cell and decrease the seed germination rate, but did not significantly affect asymbiotic germination or the growth of the free-living fungal mycelium. The expression of genes involved in the common symbiotic pathway (e.g., calcium-binding protein and calcium-dependent protein kinase) responded to the changed concentrations of exogenous GA3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GA3 is probably a key signal molecule for crosstalk between the seed germination pathway and mycorrhiza symbiosis during the orchid seed symbiotic germination.

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