scholarly journals Lead-Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats: Amelioration by Palm Wine

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Femi A. Egbeleke ◽  
Kehinde O. Shittu ◽  
Ayobola A. Iyanda
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

Lead a free-radical generating agent is a multi-systemic toxicant which affects major body systems especially the hepatic axis. Several natural products rich in antioxidant agents have been used to ameliorate lead toxicity. Vitamin C present abundantly in palm wine has been noted for its ability to modulate oxidative stress. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of palm wine in lead-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Adults Wistar rats randomly divided into Groups A-H, consisting of 7 rats per group were used for the study. Groups A and B were administered with distilled water and palm wine respectively. Groups C, E, and G were dosed daily with lead nitrate at dosage levels of 50 (low dose), 150 (intermediate dose) and 600 (high dose) mg/kg body weight (BW). On the other hand, Groups D, F, and H were administered daily with lead nitrate at dosage levels of 50, 150 and 600 mg/kg body weight (BW) as well as palm wine (10 mL/kg BW). All experimental animals were allowed access to standard feed and water without any form of restriction. Estimation of biochemical parameters i.e. total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferases (ALT; AST) took place using standard biochemical methods. The liver was harvested and processed for histological study using haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test. P< 0.05 was considered significant. While albumin concentrations were not significantly different, both total protein and globulin concentrations in lead administered rats were significantly reduced compared with control. Periportal and interstitial hepatitis and necrosis occurred from lead exposure at different levels suggesting hepatotoxicity. Meanwhile, lead and palm wine-administered rats featured similar histologic results. In conclusion, the results of the study, therefore, indicate that palm wine does not possess an ameliorative effect on lead-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF A HIGH DOSE OF THAUMATIN IN WISTAR RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Warid Khayata ◽  
Ahmad Kamri ◽  
Rasha Alsaleh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this work was to investigate the capability of a high dose of thaumatin; a sweet tasting protein, of improving induced protein malnutrition in male Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this study, 12 rats were divided into 2 groups and treated orally along with a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet as follows: water group as a negative control, and thaumatin group at a dose of 464 mg/kg for 3 consecutive w. Blood samples were collected to analyse glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and total protein, and body weight was measured. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out at the end of the experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the high amount of<strong> </strong>thaumatin used, only a slight increase in blood glucose occurred and was within the normal range, whereas serum triglycerides and cholesterol decreased significantly unlike control. Body weight had declined in both groups due to a low-protein diet, while total protein and glucose tolerance remained unchanged.</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is found that<strong> </strong>thaumatin is safe to consume by Wistar rats even at high doses. Besides that high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet caused falling of body weight, it had drawbacks of increased triglycerides and cholesterol levels which can be useful to create animal models of abnormal lipid metabolism without obesity. However, simultaneous ingestion of thaumatin with this diet had altered the outcomes to the best case. In future, it may be possible to use this combination for achieving healthy eating patterns without drug intervention that is needed for obese patients with various dysglycemia or dyslipidemia manifestations and people following regimes for weight reduction.<p> </p>

scholarly journals To evaluate and compare the efficacy of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Lagenaria siceraria in high fat diet model in wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Shirish S. Joshi ◽  
Firoz M. Tadavi ◽  
Amit R. Birajdar ◽  
Snehalata V. Gajbhiye ◽  
Anagha A. Shende
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Abdominal Girth

Background: Obesity is not only affecting the affluent society but also affecting developing countries like India. The incidence of obesity is rapidly increasing throughout the world. However, the current anti-obesity drugs have numerous limitations.Methods: The obesity was induced in male wistar rats by giving high-fat diet over 12 weeks. The variables assessed were body weight, abdominal girth, blood triglyceride level, liver weight and fat mass and histopathology of liver. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Lagenaria siceraria (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg Doses) were compared to orlistat (treatment control) and high-fat diet group (disease control) for different variables.Results: Alcoholic and aqueous extracts high dose (400mg/kg) of Lagenaria siceraria significantly reduced total body weight (p<0.05), abdominal girth (p <0.05) at week 10 and 12 compared to high fat diet group. Alcoholic extract (400mg/kg) significantly reduced total blood triglyceride level (p <0.05) and total liver weight (p <0.05) compared to high-fat diet group. None of the study drugs reduced % liver weight. Alcoholic extract high dose (p <0.05) has shown improvement in histopathological score. Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts have shown reduced fat mass compared to high-fat diet group.Conclusions: The alcoholic extract (400mg/kg) of Lagenaria siceraria alleviated high fat diet induced obesity and dyslipidemic changes in rats. The alcoholic extract of Lagenaria siceraria is having better anti-obesity potential than aqueous extract.

scholarly journals Assessment of Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Tinospora Cordifolia & Juglans Regia Composite Extract in STZ Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1681-1693
Author(s):  
Kapil Kumar ◽  
Praveen K Dixit ◽  
Harshit Takru ◽  
Nagarajan K
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Kidney Liver

The present study explored the assessment of the antidiabetic potential of Tinospora cordifolia & Juglans regia composite extract in STZ induced diabetes in wistar rats. As streptozotocin -associated infiltrations of increase glucose level has been reported to be responsible for diabetes. We evaluated the glucose lowering potential of Tinospora cordifolia & Juglans regia on the basis of its anti-diabetic property. Rats were administered streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p., once) with nicotinamide (120mg/kg) to induce experimental toxicity. The development of diabetes was assessed biochemically as well as histologically 72 hours after induction of diabetes. Body weight and blood glucose levels were determined in (0, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th) days. Serum lipid profile and enzyme estimated, (kidney, liver, pancreas) tissue was measured at the end of the experimental period. Treatment with composite extracts TCAE high dose (350 gm/kg b.w.) & JRAE high dose (800 mg/kg b.w.) and TCHE high dose (350 gm/kg b.w.) & JRHE high dose (800 mg/kg b.w.) were noted to be more effective against the streptozotocin- induced toxicity as compared to Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.). it may be concluded that streptozotocin-induced glucose may be accountable for the induction of diabetes toxicity in rats. Interestingly, improvement in body weight, glucose level, lipid profiles, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in kidney, liver and pancreas was observed following herbal treatment in STZ induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, composite extract of TCAE (350mg/kg b.w.) & JRAE (800mg/kg b.w.) was found to be efficacious than the composite extract of TCHE (350mg/kg b.w.) & JRHE (800mg/kg b.w.).

scholarly journals Effect of Smokeless Tobacco Product, Afzal, on the Reproductive Hormones and Gonadal Pathology of Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nawal Al-Mukhaini ◽  
Taher Ba Omar ◽  
Elsadig Eltayeb ◽  
Aisha Al Khayat Al-Shehi ◽  
Jamila Al-Belushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product

Afzal is a common smokeless tobacco product (STP) in Oman, and it is believed to contain toxins that may affect the reproductive hormones and hence reproductive function. This study assessed the effect of  Afzal  on the gonads of Wistar rats.  In order to assess gonad toxicity induced by this STP, an aqueous extract of Afzal was added to drinking water to be administrated orally to Wistar albino rats (n = 72) classified as young (4 weeks old) and adult (20 weeks old) of both genders weighing between 60-80 g and 150-240 g respectively for 8 weeks. The rats were divided into 3 groups; control (received distilled water instead of Afzal extract), low-dose (received 3 mg nicotine/kg body weight/day) and high-dose (received 6 mg nicotine/kg body weight/day). At the termination of the study, the rats were euthanized and their blood samples and ovaries were collected for biochemical and histopathological investigations. Testosterone and estradiol hormones showed a significant decrease (P<0.05( in Afzal-treated groups (low and high doses) compared with the control. Histopathological findings revealed the damaging effects manifested as a reduction in the number of the germ cells with deformed organization and in fatty and fibrous degenerations in testes and ovaries. Afzal was found to have adverse effect on the reproductive hormones and gonadal pathology in Wistar rats of both genders, and hence users of Afzal need to consider the risk associated with its frequent use.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective efficacy of edible macrofungi Dacryopinax spathularia (Schwein) and Schizophyllum commune (Fries) against Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Amar Kumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
M. P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Marker Enzymes

In the present study the hepatoprotective efficacy of two edible macrofungi Dacryopinax spathularia and Schizophyllum commune has been assessed against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in albino wistar rats. The administration of CCl4(1ml/Kg) resulted into significant (p<0.05) rise in the levels of liver function marker enzymes Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin and decrease in the levels of total protein and albumin in blood. On administration of low dose (250mg/Kg) and high dose (500mg/Kg) of both macrofungal extracts in different hepatotoxic group of rats, the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin significantly (p<0.05) lowered down and the levels of total protein and albumin significantly (p<0.05) increased in comparison to the hepatotoxic group of rats, reflecting the hepatoprotective impact of both the extracts.

scholarly journals Safety Assessment of TGT Primaage using Wistar Rats through Oral Gavage Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-315
Author(s):  
Kunjan Shah ◽  
◽  
Sudhakar Jadhav ◽  
Manish Patel ◽  
Jaydip Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

TGT Primaage is one of the astonishing extracts, obtained from a combination of Moringa oleifera and Centella asiatica. At present, there is no finding reported regardin g the repeated exposure of this extract. This study investigates the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) and effects of repeated-dose administration of Astragalin and Isoquercetin (components of interest) present in TGT Primaage on Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 3 treatment and a control group (10 rats/sex/group). To assess reversibility, persistence, or delayed effect, additional control and high dose groups were treated similarly and observed further without any treatment. TGT Primaage was administered orally, through gavage for 90 days, at 0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. No mortality, morbidity, and clinical sign of toxicity was observed. Abnormality related to neurological and functional parameters was not seen. No change in body weight and food consumption was observed. Treatment did not lead to any adverse effect in clinical pathology parameters and organ weights. TGT Primaage did not alter morphological and histopathological characteristics of organs. From these results, it is evident that TGT Primaage appears to be safe and devoid of any toxicity. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of TGT Primaage for both sexes were found to be 1000 mg/kg body weight/day

Effect of Weight on Flour Okra Wistar Diabetes Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukina B ◽  
Astati Astati ◽  
Ahmad Ahmad ◽  
Imanuddin Imanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Way Anova

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that continues to increase in volume and is one of the main threats to the health of mankind. okra has phenols and flavonoids that have antioxidant effects and anti-diabetic effects are quercetin-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl- (1 → 6) -SS-D-glucopyranoside and quercetin3-O-ß-D-4 '' - O-methyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside. This study aimed to determine the effect of flour weight okra against diabetic Wistar rats. This study was an experimental study using pre-post test design with control group design with simple random. The study population was a rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar male sex derived from animals that self-employed certified and provide health insurance in rats weighing 200 g-300 g (body weight adult). Random sampling of the population affordable. The results of this study indicate that the group average 1 BB increased by 1:56%, for the second group also increased by 1:40 BB% and in the control decreased by 1.49% BB. In group 1 and group 2 by treating starch suspension okra medium dose and high-dose, both an increase in weight by 3:00 grams. In the third group as the control group experienced a weight loss of 3 grams. The increase in mean body weight between the groups using the paired t test. Analysis to test different between groups by one-way ANOVA or one-way ANOVA. Results showed no effect of okra powder on body weight in diabetic Wistar rats between the control group and the treatment group. Keywords : Okra, weight, diabetes.

EFFECT OF LEAD NITRATE ON THE TESTIS OF ADULT WISTAR RATS AT DIFFERENT DOSAGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Richard Agbonluai EHIMIGBAI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Orogastric Tube ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Introduction The aim of this study was aimed at evaluating the effects of lead nitrate on adult wistar rats.Methodology A total of 32 adult wistar rats weighing between 200 and 240g were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats per group. The control groups (group A) were placed on normal diet, while Group B rats received 35mg/ kg body weight / day of lead nitrate via orogastric tube. Group C rats received 45mg / kg body weight/ day of lead nitrate via orogastric tube. Group D rats received 50 mg/ kg body weight/ day of lead nitrate via orogastric tube and all the dosage were given for 40 days.Results The results in group A, B, C and D showed normal histologic testicular architecture as evidenced by normal seminiferous tubules and interstitial spaces in figure 1, 2, 3 and 4.Conclusion It was concluded that lead nitrate at 35mg/kg, 45mg/kg and 50mg/kg body weight/day was not toxic to the testis of an adult Wistar rats. 

scholarly journals Diclofenac sodium and Imipenem action on rat intestinal mucosa: a biomechanical and histological study

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irio Gonçalves Junior ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Naresse ◽  
Maria Aparecida Marchesan Rodrigues ◽  
Shoiti Kobayasi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

PURPOSE: To study diclofenac sodium induced histological and mechanical alterations and their prevention with Imipenem in rat intestine. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=240) were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: GI: n=60 treated with 0.9% saline IM; GII: n=60 treated with 6mg/kg body weight diclofenac sodium IM for four days; GIII: n=60 treated with 30mg/kg body weight Imipenem IM for four days, and GIV n=60 treated with diclofenac sodium plus Imipenem at the above doses IM for 4 days. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups of 15 rats each and sacrificed at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days of follow-up, respectively. Abdominal cavity macroscopy and histology, and small bowel breaking strength were analyzed at each sacrifice moment. RESULTS: There were no histological or mechanical alterations in normal control rats throughout the study. Ulcerated lesions in intestinal mucosa were observed and breaking strength decreased in all diclofenac sodium treated rats. Ulcerated lesions in intestinal mucosa were prevented by Imipenem in all rats. CONCLUSION: Diclofenac sodium induced ulcerated lesions in rat intestinal mucosa can be prevented by Imipenem treatment.

Toxicological Interactions of Cassia Senna and Nerium oleander in the Diet of Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Al-Yahya ◽  
A. H. Al-Farham ◽  
S. E. I. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The toxic effects of diet containing 10% of C. senna L. fruits or 10% of N. oleander L. leaves or their 1 : 1 mixture (5%+5%) on male Wistar rats treated for 6 weeks were investigated. Diarrhea was a prominent sign of C. senna L. toxicosis. In both phytotoxicities, there were decreases in body weight gains, inefficiency of feed utilization, dullness and enterohepatonephropathy. These findings accompanied by leukopenia and anemia were correlated with alterations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea and other serum constituents. In both phytotoxicities, the ability of the liver to excrete bilirubin remained unchanged. Feeding the mixture of C. senna L. fruits and N. oleander L. leaves caused more serious effects and death of rats. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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