Biogas production from renewable lignocellulosic biomass

Effect of raw and biologically treated lignocellulosic biomass using cow dung slurry for biogas production is reported. Biomass is an energy source. Water containing biomass such as sewage sludge, cow dung slurry and lignocellulosic waste, has several important advantages and one of the key feature is renewability. Cow dung slurry has the potential to produce large amounts of biogas. Four categories of bacteria viz., hydrolytic, fermentative, fermentative acidogenic and acidogenic-methanogenic bacteria are involved in the production of biogas. The different characteristics of the cow dung slurry were determined according to standard methods. Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content of the lignocellulosic waste were also determined in our earlier studies. The substrates were digested under anaerobic condition for 5 days. The total biogas and methane produced during anaerobic digestion were estimated on 5th day. The total biogas produced during digestion was estimated by water displacement method. Biological methane production was estimated by using Saccharometer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12662 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 341-347

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Biogas Production from Poultry Wastewater using Anaerobic Digester

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.b1027.1292s219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2S2) ◽

pp. 110-114

Keyword(s):

Substrate Concentration ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Anaerobic Digester ◽

Poultry Waste ◽

Displacement Method ◽

Water Displacement ◽

Kinetics Studies ◽

Poultry Wastewater

Experimental work was carried out for the production of Biogas from poultry waste water. The Poultry waste was collected from farm near Nagercoil at Kanyakumari District. Batch anaerobic digester was designed for 20L capacity. The experiment was carried out for 36 days to monitor the performance. Various parameters like pH, TS, COD have checked for every 24hours. The Production of biogas was measured by water displacement method. The methane content was analyzed by gas chromatography test. Based on the experimental data, kinetics studies have done for various models like Line Weaver-Burk method, Eadie-Hofstee method, Hanes-Woolf method. The Eadie-Hofstee Method has provided better prediction than other method. These results thus indicate that, Eadie-Hofstee Method is best to identify the growth rate, substrate concentration and Limiting Substrate Concentration of the system. The sludge of the poultry wastewater and digester were characterized by SEM analysis. The imaging was done to determine the morphological structure of the sludge and to view the bacterial growth on the surface of the sludge.

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Production of Biogas from Mono- and Co-Digestion of Agricultural Waste (Cow Dung, Chicken Dropping, and Rice Husk)

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-60

Author(s):

Musa Olusegun Arekemase ◽

Isaac Aweda

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Effective Means ◽

Methanogenic Bacteria ◽

Gas Production ◽

Waste To Energy ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Materials Used ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

This study focused on waste to energy technology that utilized mono- and co-digestion of cow dung (CD), chicken dropping (ChD), and rice husk (RH). The fabricated digesters were assessed for the influence of temperature and pH on biogas production from the materials used. The total aerobic bacteria and fungi counts for the mono- and co-digestion of cow dung with chicken droppings had highest number on day zero (1.5x107cfu/ml, 1.6x105cfu/ml and 1.4x108cfu/ml, 1.2x105, respectively), while the lowest counts were recorded on the 35th day (1.3x101cfu/ml, 1.0x101cfu/ml and 1.1x101cfu/ml, 1.0x101cfu/ml, respectively). The highest count of the acetogenic organisms was 1.8x105cfu/ml on the 18th day whereas no count was observed on the 35th day. Methanogenic bacteria had a count ranging from 1.0x 101 cfu/ml to 3.4x104cfu/ml on the 18th day. pH was within the range of 5.3 – 8.5 in the digesters. Cow dung (100% CD) showed the highest cumulative gas production of 41.65m3 compared with chicken droppings (100% ChD) and rice husk (100% RH) which showed values of 8.91 m3 and 0 m3, respectively, within temperature. Furthermore, the co-digestion of 75% CD + 25% ChD, 50% CD + 50% ChD, 25% CD + 75% ChD, 50% CD + 50% RH, and 50% ChD + 50% RH produced biogas values of 20.1m3, 15.13m3, 7.51m3, 5.1m3, and 2.09m3, respectively, at the same temperature range of 36.2OC - 41.7OC. The assay for nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), potassium (K) and sulphate (S) to find the major plant nutrient from the digestate showed that 100% CD was richer in N (1.8mg/l), P (0.5mg/l), and S (0.5mg/l) than the other biomass types, whereas 50% CD 50% ChD had the highest content of P. The present study suggests that the digestion of cow dung, chicken droppings, and rice husk can be an effective means of waste management, pollution control, and generation of renewable energy (biogas) and fertilizers, thereby further strengthening the role of agriculture in the area of food security.

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Producing Biogas with Two-Stage Fermentation Process of High Total Solids Content Kitchen Wastes

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.344 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 608-609 ◽

pp. 344-349

Author(s):

Xiao Ju Zhang ◽

Shi Jie Li

Keyword(s):

Fermentation Process ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Methanogenic Bacteria ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Kitchen Waste ◽

Two Stage ◽

Total Solids ◽

Fermentation Tank ◽

Solids Content ◽

Biogas Process

This paper inoculated kitchen waste with activated sludge and fresh cow dung to explore the acidification and fermentation separated two-stage fermentation biogas process, in order to get acclimation acidification bacteria and methanogenic bacteria, high total solids content (TS) fermentation process, reduce the hydraulic load and shorten the fermentation cycle. The physiochemical characteristics of kitchen waste were that TS is 22.9%,the volatile solids (VS) is 11.7%, initial pH value is 6. The biogas producing process was as follow: Adjusting the TS of kitchen waste to 11.5% ,with 10% inoculum quantity, fermented at 37 °C , monitoring and adjusting pH. There were two biogas producing peak , and biogas production cycle was 15 days. The two-stage fermentation biogas process was as follow: Acidized the material of 22.9%TS for 5 days, Feeding the acidized material at the ratio of 1/4 to the vigorous biogas reaction system, then pH reduced but the biogas production was normal. After 5 days, pH raised and the second batch of material could be added. Feeding materials to the acidification tank and fermentation tank continuously, which can gradually get good acclimation acidification bacteria and methanogenic bacteria. Refluxing the biogas to acidification tank and methane fermentation tank, which can mix the materials evenly, shorten the fermentation cycle, improve the efficiency of the acidification and biogas production.

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Chemical pre-treatments on oil palm empty fruit bunches: Impacts on characteristics and methane potential

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/924/1/012071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 924 (1) ◽

pp. 012071

Author(s):

N A Rohma ◽

S Suhartini ◽

I Nurika

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Test System ◽

Biochemical Methane Potential ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Methane Potential ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Bmp Test

Abstract Production of biogas from lignocellulosic biomass by anaerobic digestion (AD) has attracted much interest. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), one of lignocellulosic biomass, is highly abundant in Indonesia and has potential as feedstock for bioenergy production such as biogas or methane. Yet, pre-treatments are needed to improve biogas production due to its complex crystalline structures. Chemical pre-treatments with acid or alkaline solution were reported to increase cellulose or highly reduce the lignin content of OPEFB. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acid and alkaline pre-treatments on the characteristics of OPEFB and methane potential. The acid pre-treatment experimental design was used factor of H2SO4 concentration (1, 1.3, and 1.6 (%v/v)) and NaOH concentration (1.8, 2.8, and 3.8 (%w/v)). Methane potential evaluation was carried out using the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test with the Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS) II under mesophilic condition (37°C), operated for 28 days. The results showed that both dilute acid and alkaline pre-treatment positively impact altering the characteristics of OPEFB, hence the specific methane potential. Alkaline pre-treatment with NaOH 3.8 (%w/v) gave the highest average SMP value of 0.161 ± 0.005 m3 CH4/kgVSadded.

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Biodegradasi Anaerobik Makroalga Ulva sp. untuk Menghasilkan Biogas dengan Metode Batch

Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia ◽

10.14203/oldi.2016.v1i1.48 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krisye Krisye ◽

Mujizat Kawaroe ◽

Udin Hasanudin

Keyword(s):

Biogas Production ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Anaerobic Biodegradation ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Methane Content ◽

Research Centre ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Batch Method ◽

Agroindustrial Waste ◽

Biodegradation Process

<strong>Anaerobic Biodegradation of Macroalgae Ulva sp. for Biogas Production with Batch Method.</strong> High carbohydrate and low lignin content of macroalgae Ulva sp. constitute their advantages as a potential substrate for biogas production. Biogas was generated through anaerobic biodegradation process using batch method. This study aimed to determine the potential of biogas and methane produced by Ulva sp. in a batch system. The research was conducted from December 2013 to July 2014 in the Laboratory of Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Centre (SBRC) of Bogor Agricultural Institute, Testing Laboratory of Agroindustry Technology Department of Bogor Agricultural Institute; and Agroindustrial Waste Management Laboratory of University of Lampung. The study started with proximate analysis, followed by manufacturing of cow dung starter, acclimatization process, and anaerobic biodegradation using the batch method. The result was analyzed using statistical program SPSS 17. Proximate analysis of Ulva sp. resulted in water content 16,7% , ash 14,9%, fat 2,9%, carbohydrates 60,3%, protein 5,3%, lignin 4,6%, total organic carbon 26,1%, nitrogen 1,3%, and C/N ratio 20,5. After acclimatization process, the biogas produced from 8.8 L of Ulva sp. biomass was 70.9 L with the pH ranged from 6.3 to 7.1, while anaerobic biodegradation process using batch method produced 153.9 L biogas with methane content of 51.1 L from 4 kg of Ulva sp. Form this research it is found that each kg of Ulva sp. is potential to produce 38.5 L of biogas with the methane content of 12.8 L. The correlation between COD and accumulated CH4 was -0,971. <br /><br />

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Analisa Teknoekonomi Biogas Dari Eceng Gondok dengan Stater Kotoran Sapi

Jurnal Energi dan Teknologi Manufaktur (JETM) ◽

10.33795/jetm.v1i02.15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (02) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Meylinda Mulyati

Keyword(s):

Residence Time ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Methanogenic Bacteria ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cattle Dung ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Selling Price ◽

The Cost

Water hyacinth is a waste that can be utilized by the community as an alternative potential for biogas energy. The formation of biogas from water hyacinth requires a residence time (LT) that is still long, which is between 30-35 days for the formation of methane. So that the process of forming methane is not too long, a stater is needed so that methanogenic bacteria can increase from cow dung so that the residence time is much shorter. The process of making biogas starts from making a digester, the process of taking water hyacinth by chopping water hyacinth, preparing cattle dung stater. The purpose of this study is to analyze technically and economically biogas from water hyacinth with cow manure stater. This research was carried out through several stages, namely: preparation of raw materials, stater and plastic biogas digester and techno-economic analysis. In this study the ratio of raw material 1: 1 (water hyacinth chopped 20 kg, water 20 kg) and the addition of stater cattle dung 6 kg. The results of this study are that the technical aspects of biogas start production after 10 days of filling the digester at pH 7.1. Biogas produced is known by direct flame test. Visible on the 10th day the resulting flame is still small, but this shows that the gas has been formed. The pH of the digester is between 4.7 and 8.5. The decrease in TS value from the inlet which is 46 kg to the outlet is 28 kg, indicating that there has been degradation in the substrate in the digester. On the economical aspect the investment cost of a biogas installation in a synthetic digester is IDR 1,500,000.00. Variable costs are the cost of water hyacinth, cow dung and water of Rp 150,000.00 per year. The Cost of Biogas Production is Rp 3,836.08 and if it is sold at a margin of 50% the selling price is Rp 5,800. The break even point in kilograms is 267.2 and in rupiahs is Rp 1.025,000.00. This payback period for investment in biogas business is 2.86 years.

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Comparative Study of Biogas Production from Five Substrates

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.519 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18-19 ◽

pp. 519-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S.J. Ojolo ◽

R.R. Dinrifo ◽

K.B. Adesuyi

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Cattle Dung ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Vegetable Waste ◽

Water Displacement ◽

Kitchen Waste ◽

Fruit Waste ◽

Poultry Droppings

In this work, a comparative study of biogas production from poultry droppings, cattle dung, kitchen waste, fruit waste and vegetable waste was done under the same operating conditions. 3kg of each waste was mixed with 9kg of water and loaded into the 5 constructed digesters. Biogas production was measured using water displacement method for a period of 40 days and at an average temperature of 30.5oC. Results indicated that poultry droppings produced 0.0332dm3/day, cow dung produced 0.0238dm3/day, Kitchen waste produced 0.0080dm3/day, vegetable waste produced 0.0066dm3/day and fruit waste with 0.0022dm3/day. It is concluded that poultry droppings produced more biogas because it contains more nutrients and nitrogen compared with plant and other animal waste

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Microbial Dynamics and Biogas Production during Single and Co-digestion of Cow Dung and Rice Husk

Applied Environmental Research ◽

10.35762/aer.2017.39.2.6 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 67-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aderonke K. Akintokun ◽

Wasiu A. Abibu ◽

Moses O. Oyatogun

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Methanogenic Bacteria ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Microbial Dynamics ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Anaerobic digestion is achieved by the combined effort of hydrolytic, acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria. Microbial dynamics and biogas production during anaerobic digestion of cow dung and rice husk were studied in this research. The experiment lasted for 30 days using a 10 L scale bio-digester. All proximate parameters reduced significantly after digestion for CD (cow dung), RH (rice husk), and CD:RH (cow dung and rice husk) except moisture content, which increased for all substrates. Ash content (1.08-1.67 mg) and crude fibre (1.27-1.96 mg) increased in CD only. The pH ranges for the substrates were CD (7.0-7.5), RH (6.1-7.6), and CD:RH (6.1-7.8). Temperature ranges were CD (27.4oC-33.5 oC), RH (27.2 oC-33.3 oC) and CD:RH (27.3 oC-33.4 oC). The total biogas production of the substrates and components of each gas produced were, CD (4327.65 cm3 : 62.4 % CH4, 37.4 % CO2, 0.2 % H2S), RH (150 cm3 : 100 % CO2), and CD:RH (4730.55 cm3 : 73.8 % CH4, 25.8 % CO2, 0.4 % H2S). Percentage distribution of the digester’s microflora include aerobes (40.75 %), anaerobes (31.25 %), fungi (25 %) and methanogenic bacteria (3 %). Hydrolytic bacteria and fungi isolated were Bacillus spp, Enterobacter spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp, Micrococcus spp, Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp and Streptococcus spp. Acetogens isolated were Clostridium spp, Streptococcus sppand Pseudomonas spp. Methanococcus sppand Methanobacterium sppwere the only isolated methanogens. Rice husk produced the least amount of biogas.

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